A THOUSAND LIES
THE NATIVE AMERICAN
compiled by Dee Finney
| From:
http://www.dickshovel.com/lsa3.html The founding fathers on that rock shared common characteristics. All four valued white supremacy and promoted the extirpation of Indian society. The United States' founding fathers were staunchly anti-Indian advocates in that at one time or another, all four provided for genocide against Indian peoples of this hemisphere. George Washington... In 1779, George Washington instructed Major General John Sullivan to attack Iroquois people. Washington stated, "lay waste all the settlements around...that the country may not be merely overrun, but destroyed". In the course of the carnage and annihilation of Indian people, Washington also instructed his general not "listen to any overture of peace before the total ruin of their settlements is effected". (Stannard, David E. AMERICAN HOLOCAUST. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. pp. 118-121.) In 1783, Washington's anti-Indian sentiments were apparent in his comparisons of Indians with wolves: "Both being beast of prey, tho' they differ in shape", he said. George Washington's policies of extermination were realized in his troops behaviors following a defeat. Troops would skin the bodies of Iroquois "from the hips downward to make boot tops or leggings". Indians who survived the attacks later re-named the nation's first president as "Town Destroyer". Approximately 28 of 30 Seneca towns had been destroyed within a five year period. (Ibid) Thomas Jefferson... In 1807, Thomas Jefferson instructed his War Department that, should any Indians resist against America stealing Indian lands, the Indian resistance must be met with "the hatchet". Jefferson continued, "And...if ever we are constrained to lift the hatchet against any tribe, " he wrote, "we will never lay it down till that tribe is exterminated, or is driven beyond the Mississippi." Jefferson, the slave owner, continued, "in war, they will kill some of us; we shall destroy all of them". (Ibid) In 1812, Jefferson said that American was obliged to push the backward Indians "with the beasts of the forests into the Stony Mountains". One year later Jefferson continued anti-Indian statements by adding that America must "pursue [the Indians] to extermination, or drive them to new seats beyond our reach". (Ibid) Abraham Lincoln... In 1862, President Abraham Lincoln ordered the execution, by hanging, of 38 Dakota Sioux prisoners in Mankato, Minnesota. Most of those executed were holy men or political leaders of their camps. None of them were responsible for committing the crimes they were accused of. Coined as the Largest Mass Execution in U.S. History. (Brown, Dee. BURY MY HEART AT WOUNDED KNEE. New York: Holt, Rinehart, Winston, 1970. pp. 59-61) Theodore Roosevelt... The fourth face you see on that "Stony Mountain" is America's first twentieth century president, alleged American hero, and Nobel peace prize recipient, Theodore Roosevelt. This Indian fighter firmly grasped the notion of Manifest Destiny saying that America's extermination of the Indians and thefts our their lands "was ultimately beneficial as it was inevitable". Roosevelt once said, "I don't go so far as to think that the only good Indians are dead Indians, but I believe nine out of ten are, and I shouldn't like to inquire too closely into the case of the tenth". (Stannard, Op.Cit.) The apathy displayed by these founding fathers symbolize the demoralization related to racial superiority. Scholars point toward this racial polarization as evidence of the existence of Eugenics. Eugenics is a new term for an old phenomena which asserts that Indian people should be exterminated because they are an inferior race of people. Jefferson's suggestion to pursue the Indians to extermination fits well into the eugenistic vision. In David Stannard's study American Holocaust, he writes: "had these same words been enunciated by a German leader in 1939, and directed at European Jews, they would be engraved in modern memory. Since they were uttered by one of America's founding fathers, however...they conveniently have become lost to most historians in their insistent celebration of Jefferson's wisdom and humanity." Roosevelt feared that American upper classes were being replaced by the "unrestricted breeding" of inferior racial stocks, the "utterly shiftless", and the "worthless" (Ibid) |
LATEST NEWS
AND MONEY DUE TO NATIVES IS WITHHELD. |
Aboriginal Communities and Mining
in Northern Canada
Special issue of this on-line magazine. (Northern Perspectives 23(3-4). Canadian
Arctic Resources Committee, 1996).
Aboriginal Fishing Rights - Canada
Akwesasne Task
Force on the Environment
"The Akwesasne Task Force on the Environment (ATFE), a community based,
grass-roots organization, was formed in 1987 to address the environmental
problems facing the Mohawk Nation community of Akwesasne. It is composed
of members of the Mohawk community and staff of environmental agencies, Mohawk
governments, and organizations within Akwesasne who share a common concern
for the environment and the effects of various toxic substances on human
and ecosystem health." (1997).
American Indian Ritual Object Repatriation Foundation
Animas-La Plata: The last big dam in the West
Basket Weavers
Refuse to Cooperate in Pesticide Risk Assessment Study
Basketweavers object to the use of risk assessment procedures to determine
their exposure to forestry pesticides as a result of their basket-making.
Contr. Joanne Bigcrane. (Louis Martin, Coast News Service, January 17, 1996).
BC Natives Want Trees, Not Treaties
Cherokee Wrongs
- Listen to the spoken message! It's powerful!
http://members.xoom.com/RedHeart/thefriend.html
Chippewas vs U.S. - Fishing Rights on the Great Lakes
Collecting Taxes on Sales on Indian Land - (New York)
Delaware Tribe of Oklahoma vs New Jersey
Department Of The Interior, Office Indian Affairs, November 15, 1871
Earth Mother Becomes Real Estate
Environmental
Review of Nuclear Dump Flawed
Reports on a resolution by the Lower Colorado River Indian Tribes in opposition
to a proposed nuclear dump site at Ward Valley, California (Fort Mojave,
Colorado River, Chemeheuvi, Fort Yuma-Quechan, and Cocopah Indian Tribes).
(Marsha Shaiman, On Indian Land. Seattle: Support for Native Sovereignty.
Archive: NAE, 1996).
Forgotten Tribes Search for a Place in History
Food
Pollution Threatens Lives of Inuits in Arctic
(Leyla Alyanak, Earth Times News Service. Archive: World History Archive,
1997).
Gabrielino/Tongva Saving the Sacred Site
Goldmine Threatens Quechan Sites
Hanford
Department of Energy, Indian Nations Program
The DOE is responsible for the cleanup of the Hanford nuclear site in
southeastern Washington state. Four tribes have cultural or treaty rights
to the lands of Hanford, including the Nez Perce, the Umatilla, Yakima and
Wanapum. This site describes the working relationships between Native Americans
and the DOE. Some information about the environmental offices of these nations.
(1997).
Havasupai
Fight To Save Grand Canyon From Uranium Mining
Various posts about this campaign. (Native-L mailing list, 1992).
Happy Indigenous People's Day - Anti-Columbus Day
Haudenosaunee Environmental Action Plan
Indian
Burial Grounds for Nuclear Waste
A very good article on the recent history of attempts to bury nuclear waste
on reservations. (Randel D. Hanson, Multinational Monitor 16(9). Archive:
Fourth World Documentation Project, 1995).
Indigenous Environmental Network
Indigenous
Environmental Network: Ward Valley
Reports on the efforts of the Colorado River Native Nations Alliance to stop
a nuclear dump in Ward Valley.
Indigenous
Women's Environmental Network
An ad-hoc organization in Saskatchewan, which has focused its concern on
the Meadow Lake Tribal Council's proposal to build a permanent high level
nuclear waste repository in northern Saskatchewan. This reference dates from
around 1995. (Archive: NAE).
Leavitt's
Anti-Nuke Policy Will Strangle Tribe, Say Goshutes
Mike Leavitt is Utah's Governor. (William Claiborne, Salt Lake Tribune, March
11, 1999).
List of Non-Federally Recognized Tribes
LOST TRIBES NATIVE AMERICANS AND GOVERNMENT ANTHROPOLOGISTS FEUD OVER INDIAN IDENTITY
Memories
Come to Us In the Rain and the Wind: Oral Histories and Photographs of Navajo
Uranium Miners and Their Families
Excerpts from the book are available on-line. (Doug Brugge, Timothy Benally,
Phil Harrison, Martha Austin-Garrison and Lydia Fasthorse-Begay, Boston,
MA: Tufts University School of Medicine, 1997).
MEDICINE LAKE THREATENED BY SEVERAL GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENTS
Menominee
Nation Mining Impacts
Good and timely information on mining in Menominee country. (1997).
Messages from the Taïno Restoration and Truth Reclamation/ We Never Disappeared.
More
Than Half of Goshutes Sue Tribe Over Waste Plan
(Jim Woolf, Salt Lake Tribune, March 13, 1999).
National Environmental
Coalition of Native Americans
Native Americans
and the Environment
Native
Americans Bear the Nuclear Burden
Navajo
Dryland Environment Laboratory
Navajo
Tribe Embarks on a Long-Term Cleanup
Navajo
Uranium Miners Fight for Compensation
Navajo
Uranium Radiation Victims: The 4th Indigenous Uranium Forum
New
Front In The Waste Wars—Part 2: The Poisoners Invade Indian
Country
Petitioners
List for Federal Recognition As an "American Indian Tribe" - 1998
Poison Fire, Sacred Earth: Testimonies, Lectures
Conclusions
Project
Chariot: The Nuclear Legacy of Cape Thompson, Alaska
Protecting Sacred
Ground - Gold Mines
Red
Cliff Chippewa File Law Suit Against the State - Wisconsin
Remaining
Causes of Indian Discontent (John Okison, 1907)
Repatriation of
Indian Remains
Residues of Forestry Herbicides in Plants of Interest to
Native Americans: Phase One—Development of Methodologies and Pilot
Sampling
Resolution
on a Nuclear Free Zone in the Arctic
Save Ward Valley
Coalition
Save
Ward Valley Newsletter
Serpent
Mound - Newark Octagon State Memorial Threatened By Construction
Skull Valley Goshutes - Nuclear
Waste
Skull Valley
Goshutes
Tanacross
- Hunting Rights - Alaska
The Canadian
Government and the Great White Lie
The Continuing Sordid
History of the Treatment of the Esselen Indians
The Crimes
of Christopher Columbus
The
Holocaust of the Native Americans
The
Mojave Tribe After the White Man Came
The Ramapough Mountain
Indians
Uranium
Industry and Indigenous Peoples of North America
Uranium Mining and the Church Rock Disaster
Violence
in Indian Country over Waste
Ward
Valley
Waste
Programs Environmental Justice Accomplishments Report
White
Mesa Utes Beat Back Superfund Tailings
Wovoka's
Message: The Promise of the Ghost Dance
Yankton
Sioux Oppose Reservation Waste Dump
NOTE FROM A READER - 9-28-00
Hi, All. Just a quick note to let you know that indeed, we have achieved
a small victory for Truth.
That hate-filled website (http://sue3hawk.freeservers.com/web2/whitebuffalo.html)
which condoned and implicitly encouraged genocide, violence, and atrocities
against the Lakhota Sioux and all Traditional Native Americans has been shut
down by its webserver, freeservers.com, as being in violation of the webserver's
hate and harassment regulations.
Additionally, the egroups mailing list, WhiteBuffaloTalk, sponsored by the
person on aol (NAIndian/CherokeeNeshoba) and which promoted that twisted
sick website has also been removed.
Furthermore, several activist and hatewatch organizations have become involved
and there are now lawsuits pending for violation of United States Civil and
Hate Crimes.
I truly thank each and every one of you who wrote to protest these horrific
things. A real grassroots confrontation with hate, and it was phenomenal
work! Fighting the proverbial good fight never ends but it sure looks like
we won this battle. What each of us did truly affected us all.
Mitakuye oyasin.... we are all related. -steph
.
All US Tribes
Main Access Map Index
American
Indian Reservation Summary
BIA
Criteria for Acknowledgement as an Indian Tribe
Indian
Identity: Who Is Drawing the Boundaries?
Indian Nations:
The United States and Citizenship 1983
Map of Native
American Tribes, Culture Areas, and Linguistic Stocks Smithsonian Institution
Native
American Population Statistics US Census statitics for 1980 and 1990
compared for Native Americans
Native
American Socio-Economic Characteristics Education, Occupation, Income
Native
American Languages Spoken in the Home
The
Indian Removal Act of 1830
The White
Buffalo - This site contains the worst lies of all
Tribal
Leaders Discuss the Importance of the April 1, 2000 U.S. Census
Tribal Leaders List and
Agency Information Bureau of Indian Affairs
U.S. Census Bureau General Information
.
Custers Last Stand
The Little Bighorn National Monument
The Battle of the Greasy Grass (c. 1898) by Mato Wanartaka (Lakota: 1846-1904).
The Southwest Museum, Los Angeles
The Battle of the Little Bighorn: Two
Perspectives
Indian Memorial at Little Bighorn
Battlefield National Monument "If this memorial is to serve its total
purpose, it must not only be a tribute to the dead, ; it must contain a mesage
for the living...power through unity..." Enos Poor Bear, Sr. , Oglala Lakota
Elder
Killing
Custer A review of the book by Blackfeet-Gros Ventre author James
Welch
Red
Horse A Lakota account of the battle
Kate Bighead
A Cheyenne's woman's account of the battle
Custer's Last
Stand - The Finale
Battles
The Little Bighorn-Description of the events of
"Custer's
Last Stand" by ES Curtis.
FILMS
Crazy
Horse (1996 Col.) TV-film Michael Greyeyes.
.
The Story
of the Potawatami Death Trail
THE TRAIL OF TEARS
THE INDIAN REMOVAL ACT
The Indian Removal Act, signed by President Andrew Jackson in 1830, required
all tribes east of the Mississippi to cede their land to the U.S. government
and migrate to the western plains. The journey west, called the "Trail of
Tears," took its tool on the four southern nations (Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek,
and Cherokee) forced to move. Many Indians left behind comfortable homes
and fertile farmlands, and one-third of the migrants perished in their new
surroundings. This depiction of the Trail of Tears shows how little the Indians
were able to take with them on their mandatory relocation.
The Indian Removal Act of 1830 - The Trail of Tears
The Indian Removal
Act of 1830
North American Indian
Removal Policy
The Trail
Where They Cried
The Cherokee Trail
of Tears - 1838/1839
The
Cherokee Trial of Tears - Timeline
History of the Florida
Indians
John G. Burnett's
Story of the Removal of the Cherokee's
The
Trail of Tears Across Missouri
The
Trail of Tears, by Joan Gilbert
Andrew
Jackson and Cherokee Removal
Quotations
From The Trail Where They Cried
Historical
Documents - The Trail of Tears
Indian Territory in U.S. history, name applied to the country set aside for
Native Americans by the Indian Intercourse Act (1834). In the 1820s, the
Federal government began moving the Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Creek,
Seminole, Choctaw, and Chickasaw) of the Southeast to lands West of the
Mississippi River. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 gave the President authority
to designate specific lands for them, and in 1834 Congress formally approved
the choice. The Indian Territory included present-day Oklahoma N and E of
the Red River, as well as Kansas and Nebraska; the lands were delimited in
1854, however, by the creation of the Kansas and Nebraska territories. Tribes
other than the original five also moved there, but each tribe maintained
its own government. As white settlers continued to move westward, pressure
to abolish the Indian Territory mounted. With the opening of W Oklahoma to
whites in 1889 the way was prepared for the extinction of the territory,
achieved in 1907 with the entrance of Oklahoma into the Union.
.
Treaty Between
England and the Canadian Chippewas
Treaties by
Nation Native American Web Services (Nawebs) has published nearly 400
downloadable full-length treaties. Excellent resource.
Fort laramie
Treaty of 1868 with the Lakota and Dakota (Santee)
Federal
Treaties Made with Individual Native Nations Alphabetical Gopher Listing
WOUNDED KNEE
Wounded Knee (1890) Note: Wounded Knee Creek, Pine Ridge Indian
Reservation, South Dakota December 29, 1890.
The Murder of the Wind of
Peace
Dr. Wagner's Wounded Knee
Testimony
Medals of dis-Honor
Medals of dis-Honor
Campaign
Lieutenant Bascom Gets
His Due..
Senator McCain Responds to
the Rescindment Petition
Wokiksuye Canpe Opi...a site dedicated
to rescindment of the "medals of dis-Honor."
So proudly the Army displays it's flag with over 170 battle streamers at
the Pentagon, White House, West Point Military Academy, museums and Army
posts throughout the world. The Pine Ridge battle streamer has the highest
number of Congressional Medals of (dis)Honor (20) of all the streamers...
Use of the Army Flag at EPA Events: The September 1999
directive from the EPA Office
of Civil Rights, and the
memorandum from The American
Indian Advisory Committee.
Heroes of Wounded Knee Creek
- 1890
Wounded Knee Survivors Association
Testimony - Senate Hearing,
September 1990
A Chronology of Events
Leading Up to the 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre
Note that the Massacre at Wounded Knee did not happen in a vacuum, it was
not an unrelated incident. The fires of hatred and racism were fueled from
many quarters and a volatility was building. Contributing a good deal of
fuel were newspaper articles and editorials such as those mentioned below.
"The death of Sitting Bull removes one of the obstacles to
civilization...He was a greasy
savage..." So reads an article published on Wednesday, Dec. 17, 1890
in the St. Louis Republic, St. Louis, Missouri.
Writing in his newspaper the "The Aberdeen Saturday Pioneer", Aberdeen, South
Dakota, L. Frank Baum opined with regard to the Indian Nations, that
"We cannot honestly
regret their extermination..."
Thus fueled was the murderous firestorm that was Wounded Knee.
Wounded Knee...Are We About
To Do It Again?
Wounded Knee Landowners
Reply to Wasichu...
Wasichu
Sculptress
Proposes Wounded Knee Memorial
Attack On An Attempt To Hold
Baum Accountable For Genocidal Declarations
Twisted Footnotes
to Wounded Knee
Commentary on Twisted
Footnotes
Acknowledge L. Frank
Baum's (author of The Wizard of Oz) Genocidal Declarations
Wasichu's Continuing Gall...the
Buffalo Nickle Act
Putting Enemy Heads On
Pikes...
Wounded Knee
Massacre
Wounded Knee
Black HIlls Thievery Attempt
- Part I
Turning Hawk and
American Horse The Native account of the massacre
Wovoka-The
Messiah The Ghost Dance
DREAMS OF THE GREAT EARTHCHANGES
This organization works to prevent nuclear waste dumps on native lands.
Find
related…
About the Shoshone and the Paiute-Shoshone. Provides an overview of the Monitored
Retrievable Storage (MRS) project of the Department of Energy. (Andreas Knudsen,
Indigenous Affairs. International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. Archive:
NAE, 1996).
(1997).
"The Navajo Nation tries to come to terms with a growing garbage problem
that has led to numerous illegal dumps on the reservation." (Paul Natonobah,
High Country News 29(15). August 18, 1997).
(Timothy Sr. Benally, Nic Paget-Clarke, interviewer. In Motion Magazine,
1998?).
A report (with photographs) of a 1990 meeting organized by the Southwest
Indigenous Uranium Forum in cooperation with the Navajo Uranium Radiation
Victims Committee. (Kerry Richardson, 1991).
(Peter Montague, RACHEL's Environment and Health Weekly 239. Annapolis:
Environmental Research Foundation, 1991).
Extensive excerpts from the testimony given in 1992 at the World Uranium
Hearing in Salzburg, Austria. Many Native Americans spokespersons participated
and this is an excellent on-line resource. (World Uranium Hearing, World
Uranium Hearing, Salzburg, 1992., 1992).
In 1957, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission selected a site approximately
30 miles southeast of the Inupiat Eskimo village of Point Hope to perform
a number of "experiments," including the release of radioactive materials
from a Nevada test site to analyze how such material would disperse through
the area. The AEC's project involved the projected relocation of the Point
Hope Inupiat.the relocation of the Katovik Inupiat. This article tells the
history of these events. (Norman Chance, Artic Circle).
This project is the first phase of a two-phase study to assess exposure of
basketweavers to forestry herbicides. Full report of study available on-line.
Contr. Joanne Bigcrane. (R. Segawa, A. Bradley, P. Lee, D. Tran, J. White,
J. Hsu, and K. Goh, April. California Environmental Protection Agency,
Environmental Hazards Assessment Program, 1997)
The nuclear free zone was re-declared, partly because of MX and cruise missile
testing or concerns about it in the arctic region. No date. (Inuit Circumpolar
Conference, Archive: Fourth World Documentation Project).
One of the political coalitions fighting to stop a nuclear dump in Ward Valley;
others include the Colorado River Native Nations Alliance. (1998).
The Colorado River Native Nations Alliance opposes a proposed nuclear dump
in Ward Valley. (Earthrunnner, 1996-).
Devoted exclusively to the issue of storing spent nuclear fuel on the Skull
Valley Reservation (this is one continuing development of the MRS program
on Native American lands that was widely reported several years ago in
environmental publications). The state of Uah and over half the tribe are
suing to stop the plan.
Examining
the Reputation of Christopher Columbus
16
January 1493 [Atlantic Slave Trade]
An article which lays the origins of the slave trade in North America
squarely at the feet of Christopher Columbus.
(Four Directions Council, Submission to the United Nations, Economic and
Social Council, Commission on Human Rights, Sub-Commission on Prevention
of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities. Archive: Fourth World
Documentation Project, 1987).
In 1979, a dam burst and released tons of radioactive mill wastes into the
Rio Puerco River, a water source for Navajo families and their livestock.
The long-term health disaster that has resulted is now one of the most well-known
examples of the dangers that uranium mining poses to the Navajo and others
in the Southwest. This is a very useful chapter-length history of these events.
(Harvey Wasserman and Norman Solomon, Excerpt from Killing Our Own: The Disaster
of America's Experience with Atomic Radiation, 1945-1982. New York: Delacorte
Press, 1982).
An article about violent conflicts over toxic waste dumping on native lands.
(Peter Montague, RACHEL's Environment and Health Weekly 404. Annapolis:
Environmental Research Foundation, 1994).
A proposed nuclear dump in Ward Valley, California, is opposed by the
Mojave/Mohave and the Chemehuevi peoples. (Bay Area Nuclear Waste Coalition,
1997-).
For anyone with a desire to oversee bureaucratic justification, the EPA explains
its progress on environmental justice for Native Americans. (Environmental
Protection Agency, 1996).
"White Mesa Utes defeat DOE's plans to dump hazardous waste on land surround
their reservation." (Carol Sisco, High Country News 27(1), January 23, 1995).
The Yankton Sioux are going to receive a waste dump on their reservation,
despite irregularities in the environmental review process and even though
they are not members of the landfill district siting the dump. Article from
Support for Native Sovereignty. (On Indian Land. Seattle: Support for Native
Sovereignty. Archive: NAE, 1996).
Flags of
the Native Peoples of the US
Battle of
the Little Big Horn
The Custer
Battlefield National Monument 1986
The
Little Big Horn Coverup
Notes
from The North American Indian E.S. Curtis
Biography
George Armstrong Custer (1839 - 1876) by THE WEST TV Series
Biography
George Crook (1828 - 1890) by THE WEST TV Series
Tom
Custer Died Alongside Brother George
The Army's greatest Indian fighter, George Crook, may have contributed to
Custer's defeat at Little Bighorn. However, during his last years he campaigned
vigorously on behalf of the Lakota Indians. Cheif Red Cloud once said: "Crook
never lied to us. His words gave people hope".
Chief
Crazy Horse (1955 Col.) PLOT Summary.
Crazy
Horse (1943)
Crazy
Horse and Custer - The Untold Story (1990)
Biography
Marcus A. Reno (1834 - 1889) by THE WEST TV Series
Officer in charge of the only unit to survive the battle of the Little
Bighorn.
Biography
John Gibbon (1827 - 1896) by THE WEST TV Series
Infantry Commander with General Custer at the battle of Little Bighorn and
commander at other battles.
Biography
of Alfred H. Terry (1827 - 1890) by THE WEST TV Series A military commander
under general Custer.
Biography
Philip Sheridan (1831 - 1888) by THE WEST TV Series
A ruthless general during the wars against the plains Indians, with no concern
for casualties among innocent non-warriors.
Little
Bighorn Coverup
BY President Andrew Jackson - 1830
Note: The Indian Removal Act empowered by president Andrew Jackson allowed
the U.S. Government to move eastern Indians west of the Mississippi, mainly
Cherokees. The purpose was to put pressure off arising conflicts since the
flawed thinking was that the white settlements would never penetrate that
part of the continent. The project was ill-conceived and culturally chauvinistic.
Even the staunchest defenders of this act were admitting defeat at the time.
In the spring and summer of 1838, more than 15,000 Cherokee were removed
by the U.S. Army from their ancestral homelands in North Carolina, Georgia,
Tennessee and Alabama. They were held in concentration camps through the
summer and fall then forced to travel nearly 1,000 miles during an extremely
harsh winter to Indian Territory in Oklahoma.
It is estimated that almost 4,000 died of hunger, dysentery, exposure and
other causes during the trek. Members of the tribe call the forced evacuation
of their homelands and the horrendous journey "Nunahi-Duna-Dlo-Hilu-I", which
translates to "Trail Where They Cried". The infamous removal concept was
later refined into the reservation idea.
Andrew Jackson Addresses Congress.
nu na hi du na tlo hi lu i
Accounts of
the "Cherokee Trail of Tears"
The Trail of Tears
Association
TREATIES
Lakota Treaty
of 1825: Teton River
Lakota Treaty
of 1825: Lookout River
Lakota Treaty
of 1851: Fort Laramie
Agreement of 1882
with Lakota and Dakota People
For the Plains Indians this was the last act of defiance ending in a massacre
carried out by Colonel James Forsyth's Seventh Cavalry. There would be no
more battles but this 100+ years old memory is still a wound in many hearts.
Perhaps the most famous Indian-fighting general in the U.S. Army at the time,
General
Nelson A. Miles, accused Forsyth of "blind stupidity or criminal
indifference" and relieved him of command. General Miles called this "a useless
slaughter of Indian women and children". But the war department, determined
to portray this finalconfrontation of the Indian wars in a heroic light,
stopped any further investigation of the incident.
Wounded
Knee:
Historical facts and information
- approved by traditional elders on the Pine Ridge and Cheyenne River
reservations.
An email campaign has been initiated so as to force the U.S. Government to
rescind the
twenty
medals of dis-Honor awarded participants in the Massacre at Wounded Knee.
Your help is solicited...an input form is provided for your convenience
a response to the Buffalo Nickle Act
with photos
Are we about to do it again?
Black HIlls Thievery Attempt
- Part II
Sitting Bull
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