I received a book today, by the
name of "History is Wrong", written by Erich von Daniken - who is famous
for his previous book, "Chariot of the Gods".
In chapter 1, he talks about the Voynich manuscript, with which I
was familiar, but the chapter intrigued me to take another look at the
information he gives about where the manuscript supposedly came from
through history. No one has been able to date the manuscript (or
refused to try to date the manuscript) and it unknown when or where
it originally came from, and besides that no one can decipher what it
says, no matter how far technology has come in the age of computers.
Most experts assign the book to dates between 1450 and
1520. This estimate is supported by other secondary clues.
The earliest confirmed owner of the Voynich manuscript
was
Georg Baresch, an obscure
alchemist who lived in
Prague in the early 17th century. Baresch apparently
was just as puzzled as we are today about this "Sphynx"
that had been "taking up space uselessly in his library"
for many years.[9]
On learning that
Athanasius Kircher, a
Jesuit scholar from the
Collegio Romano, had published a
Coptic (Ethiopic)
dictionary and "deciphered" the
Egyptian hieroglyphs, Baresch sent a sample copy of
the script to Kircher in
Rome (twice), asking for clues. His 1639 letter to
Kircher, which was recently located by
Rene Zandbergen, is the earliest mention of the
manuscript that has been found so far.
Authorship
Many names have been proposed as possible authors of
the Voynich manuscript.
Even though Marci said that he was "suspending his
judgment" about this claim, it was taken quite seriously
by Voynich, who did his best to confirm it. His conviction
strongly influenced most deciphering attempts for the next
80 years. However, scholars who have looked at the Voynich
manuscript and are familiar with Bacon's works have flatly
denied that possibility.[citation
needed] Mnishovsky died in 1644, and the deal
must have occurred before Rudolf's abdication in 1611—at
least 55 years before Marci's letter.
The assumption that Roger Bacon was the author led
Voynich to conclude that the person who sold the
manuscript to Rudolf could only be
John Dee, a mathematician and astrologer at the court
of
Queen Elizabeth I, known to have owned a large
collection of Bacon's manuscripts. This theory is also
conveyed by Voynich manuscript scholar
Gordon Rugg. Dee and his
scrier (mediumic
assistant)
Edward Kelley lived in Bohemia for several years,
where they had hoped to sell their services to the
emperor. However, Dee's meticulously kept diaries do not
mention that sale and make it seem quite unlikely. If the
Voynich manuscript author is not Bacon, the connection to
Dee may just disappear. It is possible that Dee himself
may have written it and spread the rumour that it was
originally a work of Bacon's in the hopes of later selling
it.
Dee's companion in Prague,
Edward Kelley, was a self-styled alchemist who claimed
to be able to turn
copper into
gold by means of a secret powder that he had dug out
of a
Bishop's tomb in
Wales. As Dee's scrier, he claimed to be able to
invoke
angels through a
shewstone and had long conversations with them—which
Dee dutifully noted down. The angel's language was called
Enochian, after
Enoch, the Biblical father of
Methuselah; according to legend, he had been taken on
a tour of heaven by angels and had later written a
book about what he saw there. Several people (see
below) have suggested that, just as Kelley may have
invented Enochian to dupe Dee[citation
needed], he could have fabricated the Voynich
manuscript to swindle the emperor (who was already paying
Kelley for his supposed alchemical expertise).
A
photostatic reproduction of the first page of the
Voynich manuscript, taken by Voynich sometime before 1921,
showed some faint writing that had been erased. With the
help of chemicals, the text could be read as the name "Jacobj
`a Tepenece". This is taken to be Jakub Horčický of
Tepenec, who was also known by his Latin name:
Jacobus Sinapius (1575–1622). He was a specialist in
herbal medicine,
Rudolph II's personal physician, and curator of his
botanical gardens. Voynich, and many other people after
him, concluded from this "signature" that Jacobus owned
the Voynich manuscript before Baresch and saw in that a
confirmation of Mnishovsky's story. Others have suggested
that Jacobus himself could be the author. However, the
signature of Jacobus does not match any of his other
documents.
According to von Daniken, after
Voynich's death, and also his wife and secretary were
dead, the manuscript was next found in 1912 in a Jesuit
college in the Villa Mandragone. The villa had been a
Jesuit training center and held an impressive collection
of old manuscripts from the library of the Collegum
Romanum. The Jesuits, fearing that their library might be
plundered, transferred the manuscript to Mandragone in
Frascan, north of Rome. That's where Voynich had
originally found the manuscript in an old trunk. No
one knew its value.
When Voynich first opened the manuscript, there was
a letter stuck between the cover and the first page,
written in Latin, by a certain "Johannes Marcus de
Cronland" in Prague, and was dated 1666. The letter
stated that the manuscript had belonged to Emporer Rudolph
II, who was crowned in 1576 In Prague. Cronland believed
the author of the manuscript to be Roger Bacon.
Roger Bacon, lived from 1214-1294 and was known to
be a genius. He wrote about futuristic types of
things including flying machines. He eventually joined the
Franciscan order but was kicked out for conflicts with his
superiors.
Flying machines were well known in ancient texts,
from India, (the Vimanas) and China as far back as
270 A.D. Even the Bible describes King Solomons flying
machine.
Who knows what was destroyed in the library of
Alexandria which was burned in 47 A.D. and in 391 A.C.
Copies of some of the works have been found in other
ancient libraries, but who knows how much was not copied.
Central America has artifacts that look very
plane-like dated to 500 C.E.
The Rama empire of India had such things as far back
as 15,000 years ago.
According to books about ancient MU in the Pacific,
those peoples also traveled in flying machines.
So, this technilogy is not new to mankind.
Zechariah Sitchin shows rocket ships in Sumeria and
Babylonia prior to the Egyptian empires of the pharoahs.
So, when was the Voyanich document written?
Will we ever know?
Below you will find out original challenge and the
names of the people who participated in the challenge to decipher
the Voynich manuscript.
From: Raphiem | Omtron [mailto:raphiem@omtron.com]
Sent: March 31, 2006 3:13 PM
Participants in the discussion
CodeUFO, norma; vantilburg; greenlysard; jasgrave; esmarties; jraso; susoni;
JMason4557@aol.com; Dee777@aol.com; william.downie; c-miller; d.skhane; lggl007
Subject: The Puzzle Challenge
Ok people's, here is the
puzzle. You may or may not believe some of the stuff in here, but put it aside and focus on the hidden connections left behind in particular by John Dee
and Francis Bacon who translated the KJV of the Bible. Now dou't
I believe they left their own clues and marks (ciphers) within the
Bible.
Sorry there are no real prizes, but ask and I'll see what I can do. Bear in
mind, I do believe and know for a fact that Francis Bacon is the mysterious
St-Germain of Europe who was actually Shakespeare. But don't let this
dissuade
you from the puzzle.
Bacon, Francis (philosopher) (1561-1626),
St. Germain The name St. Germain, Sanctus Germanus, means Holy Brother.
Shakespeare
(1564-1616)
Francis Bacon handwriting?
taken from "The Secret Teachings of All Ages"
by Manly P. Hall
copy of Voynich text
from sites below
1608 is the earliest definite
date for the Manuscript.
ST
Germain is indeed a mysterious figure
supposedly either thru incarnation or some magic trick or elixir
he was father of jesus (joseph) as well as merlin/taleisin/columba/columbus/bacon
here he makes the jump to the mysterious ST Germain
not
his brother, john the beloved was supposedly his partner in crime as some in
newage know as kuthumi
John
Dee was Kuthumi
At the moment I am trying to work out why the Mound where
Princess Tea Tephi was buried was of exact measurement of 60 feet. As pointed out
previously, it comes down to two lots of 3 = 33 (discounting the zero in the
Pythagorean cipher system and that of the Gematria). And TT (for Tea Tephi)
is symbolic of Thirty-Three - Freemasonry.
She was of the Bloodline of
the House of Judah/David [Kuthumi] and he great great grandfather was
Jeremiah the Prophet [St Germain] who had once been Abraham. So, yes,
she would most probably be of Enki's bloodline if he was St G,. As St
Germain had also been Noah connected with the Ark and Ararat (which in Hebrew is
spelled backwards and gives us Tara-Ra) and it is the Gilgamesh version of
the Flood that tells us about the 'gods'.
The Ark was made of acacia or shittim wood. It measured about 43
inches (1.1 meters) long, and about 27 inches (0.7 meter) both wide and
high. It had 2 gold rings fastened on each side through which poles were
inserted to carry it. The poles were to remain in the rings at all
times. The lid on the top was called the atonement cover, or "mercy
seat." On top of it were two carved cherubim, with their wings
spread upward, overshadowing the cover (Exodus 25:10-22)
Two carriers of the ark were killed by touching it, think it may
have
tipped or become unstable in its motion while being moved, and those who
perhaps spontaneously touched the ark to stabilize it were killed by its
energy. Perhaps it had to be grounded on stone or something dense
to
not be so lethal. It probably was a resonance chamber, capable of very
high frequencies. That story in in Old testament: somewhere.
N
After the Israelites finally settled in their
promised land, King David prepared to build a permanent temple to God in
Jerusalem. While the ark was being transported to the site, an incident
occurred that showed that God's instructions concerning the Ark were not
to be taken lightly.
According to scripture, the Ark was only to be
carried by Levities (a group of Hebrews set apart as temple workers)
using the poles. Instead, King David brought it to Jerusalem on a cart
drawn by oxen. According to First
Chronicles 13:9:
When they came to the threshing floor of Kidon,
Uzzah [who was driving the cart] reached out his hand to steady the ark,
because, the oxen stumbled. The Lord's anger burned against Uzzah, and
he struck him down because he had put his hand on the ark. So he died
there before God.
Though mishandling the ark was dangerous, it also
seemed to be the focal point of several miracles that assisted the
Israelites in times of need. In Joshua 4 the Bible records that when the
priests who were carrying the ark stepped into the Jordan River, it
immediately stopped flowing, allowing the Israelites to cross on dry
land. Also whenever the ark was carried into battle at God's command,
the Israelites prevailed.
LAMECH9 *
(METHUSELAH8, ENOCH7, JARED6,
MAHABEEL5, KENAN4, ENOSH3,
SHETH2, ADAM1) Lamech lived 777
years. [Ref: I Chronicles 1 to 8; Luke 3: 23-38]
In the time of Enosh it came to happen that man served the gods,
'and to call on the name of the deity."
The son of Enosh, through whom the pure lineage continued, was
Cainan (means little Cain) some scholars take the name to mean "metalsmith".
Cainan's son was Mahalal-El (praiser of god)
He was followed by Jared ("he who descended) his son was
Enoch ("consecrated one" who at age 365 was carried aloft by the
Deity.
At age 65 Enoch had a son named Mathusaleh "scholars think
the name means "man of the missile")
Methusaleh's son was named Lamech, meaning "ho who was
humbled".
Child of LAMECH * is:
A. NOAH10 *. (means 'respite")
Generation No. 10
NOAH10 * {aka
Noe} (LAMECH9, METHUSELAH8, ENOCH7,
JARED6, MAHABEEL5, KENAN4,
ENOSH3, SHETH2, ADAM1)
Noah married Titea. According to tradition, following the Flood, the sons of
Noah moved to different parts of the known world. Shem went to and settled
in Asia; Ham went to and settled in Africa; and Japheth went to and settled
in Europe. [Ref: I Chronicles 1 to 8; Luke 3: 23-38]
Noah was a "Man of Shuruppak" the seventh city
established by the Nephilim when they landed on earth.
Children of NOAH * are:
1. SHEM11 *.
2. HAM*.
3. JAPHETH *.
The waters prevailed upon Earth 150 days, when
the Deity caused a wind to pass upon the Earth and the waters
were calmed.
In the biblical version, when Noah was 600 years
old - his ordeal began on the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of
the month. (It took only seven days to complete the ark)
In the Sumerian version of the flood, the Deity
who helped Noah is Ea/Enki, and Noah's name is Utnapishtim. - son
of Ubar-Tutu -
He was not told to save the animals, he was told
to save the 'seed' of the animals.
The "south storm" blew for six days
and six nights" and on the seventh day it calmed.
In the 1920 book Life
Understood, which I re-consulted this morning, not having read it for
several years it states:
"The early monkish
annalists state that Ireland was first inhabited by Cessair, the
grand-daughter of Noah [St Germain], who according to Professory Rhys,
represented a tribal goddess of the pre-Celtic people. She and her
followers were possibly Atlanteans, who, on the submergence of that
continent managed to escape to Ireland.
The
Prince Heremon whom TT married was known as Eochaid in Ireland and this name
continued down through the lineages of the Irish kings. Heber is also
another version, relating to their Hebrew ancestry.
Heremon
was the son of Princess Scota (daughter of pharaoh Nectanebus of Egypt).
Scota married Gathelus of Spain otherwise known as Milesian (from which we
obtain the word 'mile'). At some stage, Scota and Gathelus visited Ireland -
it was known as the invasion of the Milesians - and Scotland was named after
her. Scota was not the daughter of King Zedekiah..
According to 1920 book,
Life Understood, Tephi was a family name; Taphath was the daughter of
Solomon (I Kings 4 verse 11). The name 'Tea Tephi' signified 'a tender
twig'. The root 'taph' signifies and infant, and iis the Hebrew word
used for 'little one' in numerous places. 'Tea' also means
'little'."
However, I believe it is
important to bear in mind that specific names given in the Bible had cryptic
meanings and the fact that she was known as the Tender Twig in the Bible,
and as Tea Tephi in the Annals of the Irish Masters, signifies TT -
connected with the Twin pillars of Moses - the Ark of the Covenant and Freemasonry. She was
the young 'twig' of the vine of the House of David. [note: Moses was
Ahkenaten; See: http://www.greatdreams.com/moses.htm
]
In the Bible the sister is
not named, only mentioned as a princess; also in the Annals of the Irish
Masters, she is not named. However, Scota, as mentioned earlier above,
was the mother-in-law of Princess Tea Tephi Mor.
Scota's son, Heremon/Eochaid/Heber,
was of the tribe of Dan - the Tuatha de Danaan. There are many gods
and goddesses of this tribe, bound up in Irish mythology, including the
children of Don/Dan who were regarded as deities in the sky. Another
of the gods of Dan, was Odin who is also Thor in Scandanavian mythology.
'Dan' in Danmark (Denmark) and Scandan... prescribe to where the tribe of
Dan left their mark as they travelled towards the British Isles.
TEA TEPHI. Buried ineradically in the
poetry and folk-lore of Ireland is the tale ... The praises of Tea
Tephi, daughter of Lughaidh (equivalent in Erse of ...
www.asis.com/~stag/jerrytea.html -
Eochaide and Tea Tephi were the
complete fulfillment of Jacob's command that Judah ... With the
arrival of Tea Tephi, and her subsequent marriage to the ... www.asis.com/~stag/stone.html -
Did he travel there in 583-560 BC from Egypt
around the same time of the destruction of Jerusalem, with: the scribe
Baruch, Ebed-Melech, Tea Tephi (daughter ...
www.bibleprobe.com/lost.htm
The Ark of the Covenant measured 1 1/2 cubits (one and a half), which today
would be 2.5 feet.
But the Egyptian Royal cubit measurement was different, and
below it mentions dividing it by 60.
I am probably on a wild goose chase here - but the point I am
making is if the Ark of the Covenant - twin pillars of Moses concealed within the
Ark of the Covenant were so
small, for they had to be in order to fit into the Ark of the Covenant, then why the measurement
of her burial place being 60 feet? Was it purely a hint of the Freemasonic
connection, or one of latitude.
Downpatrick in Ireland, is
54 degrees North.
St Germain's (Merlin/Columba's) favourite Psalm about Tea
Tephi's royal
wedding, is Psalm 45. He could have given it any other number, i.e. Psalm 33,
but he didn't.
To the chief Musician upon
Shoshannim, for the sons of Korah, Maschil, A Song of loves.
1 My
heart is inditing a good matter: I speak of the things which I have made
touching the king: my tongue is the pen of a ready writer.
2 Thou art fairer than the children of
men: grace is poured into thy lips: therefore God hath blessed thee for ever.
3 Gird thy sword upon thy thigh,
O most mighty, with thy glory and thy majesty.
4 And in thy majesty ride prosperously
because of truth and meekness and righteousness; and thy right hand shall
teach thee terrible things.
5 Thine arrows are sharp in the
heart of the king’s enemies; whereby the people fall under thee.
6 Thy
throne, O God, is for ever and ever: the sceptre of thy kingdom is
a right sceptre.
7 Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest
wickedness: therefore God, thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness
above thy fellows.
8 All thy garments smell of
myrrh, and aloes, and cassia, out of the ivory palaces, whereby they have
made thee glad.
9 Kings’ daughters were among
thy honourable women: upon thy right hand did stand the queen in gold of Ophir.
10 Hearken, O daughter,
and consider, and incline thine ear; forget also thine own people, and thy
father’s house;
11 So shall the king greatly desire thy
beauty: for he is thy Lord; and worship thou him.
12 And the daughter of Tyre shall be
there with a gift; even the rich among the people shall intreat thy
favour.
13 The king’s daughter is all
glorious within: her clothing is of wrought gold.
14 She shall be brought unto the king
in raiment of needlework: the virgins her companions that follow her shall be
brought unto thee.
15 With gladness and rejoicing shall
they be brought: they shall enter into the king’s palace.
16 Instead of thy fathers shall be thy
children, whom thou mayest make princes in all the earth.
17 I will make thy name to be
remembered in all generations: therefore shall the people praise thee for ever
and ever.
Given that the Grail family were the Essenes, am using their
Gemetria.
I am looking to see if any particular numbers stand out as
common denominators.
In Greek alphabet, T = 300 -discount 0's = 33 i.e. T.T. for Tea
Tephi, placed side by side, letters T.T. = 33
T+ T in Greek alphabet = 600 (discount 0) 6 = 2 lots of 3
i.e.33 - Thirty-Three.
Thirty Three comprises of twin capital letters of the letter 'T' which in
turn correspond to the Twin Pillars of Moses concealed within the Ark of the
Covenant.
The princess was buried beneath a mound which measured exactly 60 feet (
drop the 0) and follow same rules we have two lots of 3 - 33.
Germain = 309 which added = 12 (0's don't count)
Noah = 129 which added 1 + 2 + 9 = 12
Ararat = 803 which = 11 (Noah's ark and Mt Ararat)
(Ezekiel's story of the princess is called the Scarlet Thread)
Psalm 54 (of her wedding - favourite psalm and probably written
by St G.) 5 + 4 = 9
Heremon (otherwise called Eochaid - husband of Princess TTM) =
378; = 18, 1 + 8 = 9
Downpatrick = 1638, = 18, 1 + 8 =9
Jeremiah (St G) who took A/C & princess TTM to Ireland =
279 = 18, 1 + 8 = 9
Dun da Lethglas (old name for Downpatrick) = 842 = 14 & 1 +
4 = 5
Mor (for Tea's other name) = 310 (discount 0) 3 + 1 = 4
Mor also means a mound and she was buried beneath a mound,
could be long stretch of imagination, but if we put 5 & 4 together, for
the place and the mound, we have 54 degrees which is exactly where Downpatrick
is located.
Also bearing in mind St Columba's favourite psalm 45 - about
her wedding. He must have given it the number 45 for a very good reason.
Mention of the Ark of the Covenant always occurs in verses 33, in the Bible. 33 = Thirty Three
= TT = Twins Pillars of Moses concealed within the Ark of the Covenant.
I am still thinking about 54 degrees north (Downpatrick) where the Mound of
Down is, and the fact that St Columba's favourite Psalm was 45 - and it is
about her marriage to Prince Heremon of the Tribe of Dan. I do not
believe that that particular psalm is a random number chosen - I believe it is
specific.
Clues are as follows:
Certain historical figures, possibly the same
beings re-incarnating across history know where the Ark of the
Covenant) is hidden because they hid it. So we need to
bear in mind that they left us clues to decipher. They are obviously not
going to materialize and show us where it is.The importance of the discovery of the Ark of the Covenant hinges on the fact that
after it is found, we will gain world peace.
The A/C is part of the Freemasonic rituals.
There are 33 initiatory degrees in Freemasonry (nothing to do with degrees
N.S.E. W. etc.)
The Head of Freemasonry is St Germain.
As Sir Francis Bacon, he and Sir John Dee (Kuthumi) translated the Bible into
English.
Sir John Dee at that time, was the Grand Master of the Rosicrucians affiliated
with Freemasonry.
According to the Bible, apart from other items, the Ark of the Covenant was built to house the
twin pillars of Moses - which are TT.
Mention of Moses, Aaron (St Germain) who was given charge of the Ark of the
Covenant, occurs
in 33 in the Bible.
Moses & Aaron were of the tribe of Levi, and Aaron was the first High
Priest of the tribe of Levi.
Aaron [St Germain] means a 'box'/'chest'/'sarcophagus "commonly
applied to the Ark of the Covenant".
Noah [St Germain] "the Gilgamesh version of the Ark calls it simply
ekallu, meaning 'great house' or 'palace'."
In Revelation II, verse 19 (which is 1 + 9 = 10, the perfect number of
completion), the Covenant Box is mentioned as being discovered and opened.
Revelation II could represent twin pillars. Kuthumi wrote Revelation
when he was John the Beloved.
According
to Peter Dawkins of the Francis Bacon Research Trust, UK., the number 33 is
the Elizabethan simple cipher for BACON, (B=2, A=1, C=3, 0=14,
N =13), total 33. (Francis Bacon
was St Germain who translated the Bible).
The
late Alfred Dodd, biographer of Francis Bacon informs us in his book titled Francis
Bacon’s Personal Life Story as follows:
Thirty-Three:
“‘33’ was
the numerical signature of Bacon as well as the Highest Masonic Degree,
and the symbols of ‘T.T.’ run like a golden thread throughout the
ceremonials of Masonry and Rosicrucianism from the first Masonic
Step…’T’ and the ‘33’ candles on the Rosicrucian Altar.”
In the Targum Onkelos 33:12 (Aramaric Version of the Bible):
"The beloved of the Lord shall dwell safely by him: the shield
shall be over him all the days, and the Shekinah (Ark of the Covenant) will
dwell in his land".
Using the Pythagorean method of ciphers (Pythagoras was Kuthumi who
reincarnated as John the Beloved)
33 + 12 = 45 and 4 + 5 = 9.
The 'beloved of the Lord' was John the Beloved (Kuthumi). In his
incarnation as St Patrick, he built his first church at Saul, near Downpatrick.
- Downpatrick is named in his honour. The areas are on Leylines.
St Germain in his incarnation as St Columba/Merlin/Taliesin, born in Northern
Ireland during the 6th century AD, (which is also 33) prophesied that he would
be buried with Patrick (Kuthumi) and St Brigid (Mary of the Gaels - the Lady
Portia of St Germain
fame ). At the time this would have seemed
most unlikely. When Patrick died, he was buried on a hill, which
overlooks the Mound of Down - Brigid was buried in Leinster in the south of
Ireland, and Columba was buried on the island of Iona, Scotland.
However, due to Viking raids, Columba's were taken to Downpatrick and so were
Brigid's and they were buried together with St Patrick.
Writing under the name of Taliesin, St Columba wrote:
"My prosperity in guiless Iona" (where he established a major centre
of Learning of the Ancient Mysteries and where hand written copies of the
Bible were done)
"My soul in Derry (where he was born in Northern Ireland)
"And my body beneath the flagstone beneath which are Patrick and Brigid"
There has been a Cathedral on the hill for many centuries. They are now
buried beneath a flagstone there. According to F.L. Rawson in his book
titled Life Understood (1920), the location of the burial place of the A/C was
near the Town Cross.Today, that Town Cross stands in front of the Cathedral on
the hill overlooking the Mound of Down. It was originally a location
marker for the town.
Going back in time:
In circa 586 BC, St Germain in his incarnation as Jeremiah the Prophet
(mentioned in the Bible), prophesied the fall of the Temple of Jerusalem by
King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. It was in this Temple that the Ark of the
Covenant was
housed.
In his incarnation as David, anointed by the Prophet Samuel (St Germain) as
King of the House of Judah, Kuthumi designed the plans for the Temple and
before his demise, made his son Solomon (El Morya) promise to build the Temple
in which to house the A/C. (Prior to this, is had been house in a tent).
King Zedekiah of the House of Judah and his two princely sons were captured
and killed by Nebuchadnezzar. Prior to this event, Jeremiah (St
Germain) who was the great great grandfather of the princes, and their sister,
Princess Tea Tephi Mor, escorted her along with Jacob's Pillow (which in
Ireland became known as the Stone of Destiny - the Coronation Stone of Great
Britain), to Ireland. They also took the A/C. They landed on the North
East coast of Northern Ireland (Ulster). (North East is Downpatrick).
In the Bible (Ezekiel), there is a riddle about the 'Tender Twig' of the
vine of the House of Judah, the last remaining royal descendant -
deciphered in Irish legend, she was the Princess Tea Tephi Mor.
Tender Twig is also TT. TT represents not only the Twin pillars of
Moses, but also Thirty Three.
Tea Tephi is also TT in initials, and also phoenetically TEA TE with Phi
added.
So I don't know if the Phi is related....
'Mor' is not a Middle Eastern name - as in having come from Jerusalem.
'Mor' in Gaelic means a 'Mound'.
Tara, County Meath, in the southern region of Ireland (which is the
Republic of Ireland), was the home of the High Kings of Ireland.
Jeremiah (St Germain) reunited the House of Judah with that of the tribe of
Dan, when he conducted the marriage ceremony between Prince Heremon (tribe of
Dan) and Princess Tea Tephi Mor, upon Jacob's Pillow (Stone of Destiny which
became Britain's Coronation Stone eventually housed underneath the throne in
Westminster Abbey).
In his incarnation as St Columba, Archdruid High Priest who was the Merlin of
the 6th century AD, he wrote many hymns. His favourite Psalm was
number 45. This is the Royal Wedding of Princess Tea Tephi Mor.
5 + 4 = 9. And mentioned above :
In the Targum Onkelos 33:12 (Aramaric Version of the Bible) "The beloved
of the Lord shall dwell safely by him: the shield shall be over him all the
days, and the Shekinah (Ark of the Covenant) will dwell in his land".
Using the Pythagorean method of ciphers (Pythagoras was Kuthumi who
reincarnated as John the Beloved)
33 + 12 = 45 and 4 + 5 = 9.
Within the Rosicrucian school of thought there is a lot of
instruction about it as it relates to our incarnations. Apparently,
if/when we reach the 9th level of the spiral, in our experiences of life, then
we have completed our mission for this incarnation. It is also three
times three or completeness, the third time around the triangle. This
could be the reason we don't recognise (in the Rosicrucian Order) any
degrees above the 9th, all a student is permitted to say is that he/she
is studying beyond the 9th. Hope this is useful, talk soon.
Also, the mound (Mor) where I believe the princess is buried beneath, is at
Downpatrick, County Down, Northern Ireland, which is 54 degrees north and this
is why I believe Psalm 45 is a clue as to the degrees of its location.
The princess was buried with the Ark of the Covenant.
According to the Bible codes, the Ark of the Covenant is hidden 'North'.
According to the Irish bards of the time, she was buried beneath a mound that
measured 60 feet exactly.
The Mound of Down (Downpatrick) measures exactly 60 feet in height.
Using the Pythagorean method, 0's are not counted, so 60 = two lots of 3 - 33
(as in Freemasonry) and its rites to do with the Ark of the Covenant.
In his incarnation as Alexander the Great of Macedonia, Alexander (St
Germain) wrote of a dream in which he was taken by a green man (Ireland
is known as the Emerald Isle and the tribe of Dan to which Prince Heremon who
married the Princess belonged, is allotted the 'Emerald' as their tribal stone
in the Bible) - to a distant land.
Alexander was taken to the top of a Mount/Mound and there he discovered two
large Pillars measuring 60 feet in height.
Thus, we have 3 clues of 60 feet - which are obviously clues to its location.
So, we are looking at 54 degrees North and a mound which measures 60 feet.
As mentioned, this is the exact measurement of the Mound of Down and
Downpatrick is 54 degrees North.
Although the Princess and her husband ruled from Tara, they later went North
and his brothers ruled from Tara.
They belonged to the Irish tribe of Dal Fiatach, and its palace was at Dun da
Lethglas (later to be called Downpatrick). This palace which lies
beneath the mound with ancient ramparts around it, has never been excavated.
It is said to have been as important and as large as Tara.
The question is, has it not been excavated because high up members of the
Orange Order of the Freemasons know what is located beneath?
According to Nostradamus, the Ark of the Covenant was hidden in a field which would have to be
excavated.
The Mound of Down is in a field. The field was once Marsh land
surrounded by water until 1957-58 when it was reclaimed. (See photos on my
website).
According to F.L. Rawson in his book titled Life Understood (1920), upon the
arrival of the Ark of the Covenant on the North East coast of Ireland:
"...the preliminary service (for the Ark of the Covenant's arrival) was
conducted in the underground chapel in the fortress of a chieftain who
protected Christianity...the lighting of the chapel in a beautiful way by the
Urim and Thummin..."
And also, that the Ark of the Covenant was concealed in a sarcophagus in the chapel in a
damp place. You will see by the photo on the website, that the River
runs very close to the Mound and the field - so it is very likely that there
is a cavern/tomb beneath.
Further in in the book of Ezekiel in the Bible, (and it was Ezekiel who gave
us the story of the Princess)
there is mention of the new Temple of Jerusalem. Jerusalem was also Zion
and Britain means the Land of the Covenant and the Land of Zion.
Northern Ireland is part of Great Britain - whereas, Tara in the southern
region where some believe the Ark of the Covenant to be hidden, is in the Republic of Ireland.
Ezekiel's Temple "the kings built the thresholds and door-posts of their
palace right against the thresholds of my Temple, so that there was only a
wall between us."
The kings would refer to the Milesians kings - Prince Heremon who married
Princess TT Mor was a Milesian -
In the Bible Codes, Michael Drosnin wrote referencing the Ark of the
Covenant's whereabouts;
"It suggested that we might find more than an obelisk/pillar [of Moses]
that the obelisk might be part of a palace or temple, either built to house
the code key; or perhaps the Encoder."
The Encoder of the Bible refers to himself as the 'Lord of Code'.
St Germain as Sir Francis Bacon, and his tutor Sir John Dee (originator of
007) who translated the Bible into English were both Masters of Ciphers and
codes. Therefore, St Germain is the 'Lord of Code' and he was Lord Bacon.
Ezekiel 47: The man led me back to the entrance of the Temple, Water was
coming out from under the entrance and flowing east, the direction that the
Temple faced. It was flowing down from under the south part of the
Temple past the south side of the altar. The man then took me out of the
temple area by way of the north gate, and led me to the gate that faces east.
A small stream of water was flowing out at the south of the side gate."
Discussing the Temple, the authors of the Hiram Key quote from "the
eighth chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews which quotes in full the Jeremiah
[St Germain] passage which preceded it:
"....an eternal planting, a holy house of Israel [Great Britain] a most
holy conclave for Aaron [St Germain] witnesses of Truth and judgment, and
chosen by divine favour to atone for the earth, to render the wicked their
deserts. This is the tried wall, cornerstone, whose foundation shall not
be shaken nor moved from its place."
(Aaron - St Germain was the first High Priest of Levi in charge of the Ark of
the Covenant.
Ezekiel stated "All the priests are descended from Zadok: they are the
only members of the tribe of Levi who are permitted to go into the Lord's
presence to serve him." This is referring to the new Temple which houses
the Ark of the Covenant. Zadok was Samuel the Prophet who anointed David (Kuthumi) as
King of the House of Judah).
"Whilst all of Freemasonry is concerned with the building of a spiritual
temple on the design of Ezekiel's view of Solomon's Temple, the 'address in
the north-east corner' immediately comes to mind.
"At the erection of all stately or superb edifices, it is customary to
lay the first or foundation stone in the north-east corner of the building.
You, being newly admitted into Freemasonry are placed in the north-east corner
of the Lodge, figuratively, to represent that stone..."
The Mound of Down lies to the north-east of Cathedral Hill Downpatrick.
"To the south, a stream of water flowed." The River Quoile
near the Mound and field, flows south to Saul.
After the marshes were drained the river became very small - a stream in
parts.
Downpatrick, once called Dun da Lethglas, means the 'Green sided place beside
the stream'.
Now we return to Ezekiel:
"Then the man took me back to the bank of the river and when I got there
I saw that there were very many trees on each bank. This water flows
through the land to the east into the Jordan Valley [do not take this
literally - its a clue to the tribe of Dan in Ireland] and to the Dead Sea.
When it flows into the Dead Sea, it replaces the salt water of that sea with
fresh water. Wherever the stream flows, there will be all kinds of
animals and fish [this was a future prophecy]. The stream will make the
water of the Dead Sea fresh, and wherever it flows, it will bring life.
There will be as many kinds of fish as there are in the Mediterranean Sea.
[So obviously this place is not in the Middle East] but the water in the
marshes and ponds along the shore will not be made fresh. They will
remain there as a source of salt. On each bank of the stream all kinds
of trees will grow to provide food."
The River Quoile, Downpatrick (see photo on website) was where St Patrick
first landed.
c.385–461, Christian missionary, the Apostle of Ireland, b.
Bannavem Taberniae (an unknown place in Britain, possibly near the
Severn or in Pembroke). He was one of the most successful missionaries
in history. In the winter of 432 Patrick landed near Saul and remained
until spring, when he went to Tara and gained his first major
converts. He defied the pagan priests of Tara by kindling the Easter
fire on Slane, a nearby hill. This challenge to paganism created at
first indignation, and subsequently respect, in the court of the high
king. Tara became Patrick’s headquarters, and with a band of
followers he successively converted Meath, Leitrim, Cavan, and W
Ireland. Further details of his missions are only generally known.
By the 1950
s the flooding in Downpatrick was serious. The problem was solved in
1957 by the new tidal barrier which was built 2 miles downstream at Hare
Island, creating Quoile Pond-age, an area where flood waters can safely gather
before being discharged into Strangford Louch at each low tide.
Strangford Lough flows east into the Irish Sea which is also known
traditionally as the British Mediterranean Sea.
Northern Ireland is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and the Irish
Sea to the East.
According to local tourist info:
"The present freshwater lake was created by the construction of a tidal
barrier across the estuary of the River Quoile in 1957.
Ezekiel: "There will be as many kinds of fish as there are in the
Mediterranean Sea. Wherever the stream flows, there will be all kinds of
animals and fish."
Tourist info:
"The Quoile is rich in insects, providing food for fish such as rudd and
eels. In turn, these may be eaten by grey herons, cormorants, and
grebes. The Quoile attracts migrating wading birds in the spring and
autumn. In summer, swans and many breeding wildfowl appear."
"The resulting dramatic change from salt water to fresh water is
illustrated by the succession of developing habitats rich in wild life.
The natural colonization of the former seashore has resulted in the marsh
plants growing along the river fringes, with reed-beds, rushy grassland and
alder or willow scrub in old muddy bays. Woodland oak and ash is
developing on the higher stony shores. Periodic flooding maintains
distinct zones of vegetation."
Ezekiel:
"On each bank of the stream all kinds of trees will grow to provide
food."
Tourist info:
"Soon after the barrier was built, plants began to grow on the former
seashore. First grasses, then bushes and eventually trees arrived as a
natural succession progressed."
Ezekiel:
"But the water in the marshes and ponds along the shore will not be made
fresh. They will remain as a source of salt."
Along the River Quoile is Salt island and Salt Lough producing 'salt'.
The Mound of Down located next to the River Quoile, was once known as the
'fortress in the marsh'.
Mound Of Down
There
is much debate concerning this site. Some believe that it was the
residence of Celtchar mac Ulthechair, the legendary Iron Age hero of
the Ulster Cycle. If this is the case then by the early Christian
period it had become the administration centre of the Dal Fiatach
Kings. Others believe that both these establishments were located on
Cathedral Hill.
You
can get to the top via the western end of the mound where there are
spectacular views of the Mourne Mountains and the Quoile estuary
The Normans built a castle on top of an earlier
large egg-shaped manmade earthworks which has a steep bank and wide
outer ditch.
This view was taken from an aircraft coming in to
land at Belfast City (Harbour) airport in 2005.
Only 6.5 km S of the centre of Belfast , "The Giant's Ring" is an
impressive and atmospheric monument,
consisting of a circular bank some 3.5 metres high
enclosing a large space some 180 metres in diameter and 2.8 hectares in
area.
The henge seems to be one of those monuments erected by the late-Neolithic
"Beaker People" of N Britain
who were responsible also for the large free-standing stone circles at
Ballynoe and Newgrange,
as well as the stone circle backed by a henge at Lough Gur.
E of the centre of the enclosure is a small
passage-tomb whose vestigial passage faces W,
and which may have been erected (with a tumulus) a little before or a little
after the henge.
Only 6.5 km S of the centre of
Belfast via the Malone Road and Minnowburn Beeches, The Giant's Ring
is an impressive and atmospheric monument, consisting of a circular bank
some 3.5 metres high enclosing a large space some 180 metres in diameter and
2.8 hectares in area. At least three of the 5 irregularly-spaced gaps in the
henge are intentional, and possibly original. The henge seems to be one of
those monuments erected by the late-Neolithic "Beaker People" of N
Britain who were responsible also for the large free-standing stone circles
at Ballynoe and Newgrange, as well as the stone circle backed
by a henge at Lough Gur.
E of the centre of the enclosure is a small passage-tomb whose vestigial
passage faces W. It may have been erected (with a tumulus) a little before
or a little after the henge.
Excavations beyond the bank yielded evidence of more Neolithic activity
Michael Drosnin's Bible Codes: "Human nearby in Crypt",
"North", "Tongue of Sea [Mouth of River Quoile] which is
dead."
"In a field on top of a hill"
All these descriptions apply to Downpatrick and the Mound of Down.
Poem by 6th century Bard, St Fintan - pupil of St Germain/Merlin/Taliesin/St
Columba - and it is most probably that St Germain was the author leaving us
clues:
"The wife of Heremon of noble aspect
A rampart was raised around her house
For Tea, the daughter of Lughaid (God's House)
She was buried outside in her mound.
A habitation which was a Dun and a fortress.
[Note: strange that a qualified bard would say dun and fortress - because dun
means fortress as in Dun da Lethglas]
The seat of kings it was called.
The princes, descendants of the Milesians.
I am Fintan the Bard
The historian of many tribes
In latter times I have passed my days
At the earthen fort above Temor (Tea Tephi Mor)."
King Aedan Mac Gabran (the real King Arthur) was an incarnation of Kuthumi.
His daughter, Princess Gemma married King Cairellus and their residence was at
Dun da Lethglas. Fintan the bard became the tutor to their son - so therefore,
he literally "passed my days at the earthen fort above Temor (Tea Tephi
Mor).
"A rampart was raised around her house."
The Mound of Down is surrounded by several ramparts.
12th century Irish Bard:
"Where after her death was Tea's monument?
The grave, the great Mergech (Hebrew burial place)
A sepulchre [tomb] which has not been violated.
And she lies beneath this unequalled Tomb,
It is a mystery not to be uttered."
As mentioned before, Dun da Lethglas (the 'greensided place beside the
stream') was the royal seat of the Dal Fiatach - the tribe to which Princess
Tea Tephi and Heremon belonged in Ireland.
Info from Irish book.
"The Mound of Down is one of Ireland's major earthworks. Somewhere
underneath the Hill lies a royal site once inhabited by a king and his
followers before that. Its size and appearance are very similar to the
fort of the kings of Tara, suggesting that the king was a very powerful ruler.
A more recent description showed that the earthwork consists of a mound set
within a pear-shaped banked enclosure, and may have been considered as a motte/bailey.
The bailey occupies the whole elevated area enclosed by a bank and shallow
ditch. We believe that much remains to be investigated lying
hidden under the topsoil of centuries."
"In the 6th century AD it was recorded that there was a great church at
Dun da Lethglas (Downpatrick). At that time the town was an important
religious and academic centre. A Dun was a circular fortified enclosure.
The fort takes up a vast extent of ground and comprehends at least three
quarters of an English mile within its circuit."
Another clue discovered by Michael Drosnin - the Ark of the Covenant was hidden beneath a
royal abode - a 'Tel' which is the Hebrew word for 'an ancient archaeological
site - a mound of earth covering the remnant of ancient ruins.'
The Mound of Down was the headquarters of the Dal Fiatach of the Ulaid, the
royal kings of Ulster (descendants of Princess TTM).
Info: "It is important to emphasise that the ruling Dal Fiatach supplied
the ecclesiastical as well as the secular headship, and that this was likely
to have been the chief reason for the choice of Dun da Lethglas as their
ecclesiastical centre. "
"After St Patrick's death, in circa 493 AD, his remains were carried to
Dun da Lethglas, a hill already crowned with the earthworks that enringed the
fortress of the Ulaid."
"Dun da Lethglas is one of the six royal sites of Ireland named in early
literature. Nothing then is certain about this mysterious Mound and
nothing more can be stated about its history until it can be excavated.
Since this earthwork is the largest in the north of Ireland, and is situated
beside a town of such historical importance as Downpatrick, showing such
potential for information about the past, it is to be hoped that the
archaeologists of the Department of the Environment will make this a priority
in their forthcoming programme of work." (2000)
Story by Taliesin/St Columba/Merlin/St Germain 6th century.
Pwyll goes to the top of a mound which is above a palace. [So, if the
mound is above the palace, then the mound is buried beneath].
The mound had a reputation of somehow being able to cause injury if one came
too close to it.
[The Ark of the Covenant is protected by some kind of electrical discharge
called Urim and Thummin].
Whilst sitting upon the mound, Pwyll met a princess who materialized from the
vicinity of the mound - there had been many sightings of her as an apparition.
THE RENNES LE CHATEAU MYSTERY
Behind the mystery is the painting titled Shepherds of Arcadia by Nicholas
Poussin.
Using the Pythagorean system, Shepherds of Arcadia adds up to 88. 8 + 8 = 16
and 1 + 6 = 7.
Ark of the Covenant adds up to 70 minus 0 = 7.
In the Bible the Ark rested on the 7th month
King Solomon built the Temple to house the Ark of the Covenant in 7 years.
The Seventh Seal and the Number Seven.
In the Biblical book of Daniel, 12:4, Daniel is told to close the Book and
put a seal upon it.
12 +4 = 16, 6 + 6 = 7.
It is reputed that by utilizing mathematical diagrams, the position on the
sarcophagus tomb in the painting of the Shepherds of Arcadia, has a hexagram -
Seal of Solomon in the centre. It is at this, that the three shepherds
and shepherds are looking. I believe it is the tomb of Princess TTM
containing the Ark of the Covenant.
It was King Solomon (son of King David/Kuthumi) who built the first Temple in
which to house the A/C and perhaps the 7th Seal mentioned in Revelation (by
Kuthumi) corresponds.
"When on the sounding of the trumpet by the 7th angel, the Ark is
discovered in Ireland as prophesied in Revelations II, verse 19, 'there
was seen in his temple the ark of his testament. (excerpt from Life
Understood, 1920)."
"Ezekiel 17:22 reads that the 'Tender Twig' [Princess TTM] is to be
planted in a place described as 'eminent'.
Her name is derived from the Greek word Temoiria, which in Latin is
interpreted 'Conspicio' and every place which is conspicuous and eminent...
Professor O'Riordain of University College, Dublin deals with the anme,
giving it its ancient form as Teamhair na Riogh 'Tea Mur', the wall of
'Tea', and again 'a meeting place which is conspicuous and eminent' and in
the Book of Leinster ' a place from which there is a wide view.'
Interestingly, (and I only just beginning this research seriously), in
Exekiel in the Bible, Princess Tea Tephi Mor is spoken only of as the
'Tender Twig'. But the initial letters are stil 'TT'. It is
only in Irish legend that she is known as Tea Tephi Mor. In
Gemetria, the value of T T = 600 and Phi (as in Te-phi) is 500 - the 0's
are discounted and so the total is 11 - which 'maybe' could refer to the
twin pillars of Moses in the A/C. The verses written about her in
Irish legend were during the era of St Germain/St Columba/Merlin/Taliesin,
and are attributed to his pupil, St Fintan - but behind St Fintan, would
be St G. I have already mentioned previously that the
letters TT represent the twi pillars of Moses in 'Freemasonry'.
Now, ask yourself why a princess from 'Jerusalem' would be given the
name of Tea Tephi Mor.
Mor as stated, is Celtic for Mound. None of the biblical names for
the families of the Palestine/Jerusalem have her name.
TEA TEPHI MOR
I have always thought it curious that Princess Tea's name was Tephi :
Te is still 'T' phoenetically and as mentioned on a previous occasion,
TT (her initials) could represent Thirty Three whose verses in the
Bible concern the A/C which formulates part of the initiations in
Freemasonry.
If her name is a cipher, then think of it this way.
Tea = T
Te (for Tephi) = T
So, it is definitely TT
(Mor in Gaelic means a mound)
If these clues, then what does the phi represent?
Regarding Princess Tea Mor Tephi and the A of the C (and the Stone of
Destiny) Her descendant, Fergus Mor (son of Erc) took the Stone of
Destiny to Scotland.
Because I also do genealogy, it occurred to me that her name
should/could be written as Tea Tephi Mor. I believe there are clues to
her name. TT for the twin pillars of Moses = 33, and I discovered when
I was writing in the new book about Iona, that Angel's Hill was had a
Gaelic name of something for 'fairy' (can't remember it today) Mor.
And then I thought how strange it was that a daughter of Zedekiah,
last king of Judah/Jerusalem, should have a Celtic surname of Mor.
~~~~~~~~
Raphiem
You
mention, “Behind the mystery is the painting titled Shepherds of
Arcadia by Nicholas Poussin”
Go
to News, see Revelations with reference to Shepherds of Arcadia,
observe the Pyramids in the background
The
GP Grand Gallery floor-line length being 1881 {modern day inches}
the 1881 obviously a mirror 18-81
Furthermore
as is obvious, the number nine be within
The
GP base side length being 756 {modern day feet} half of 756
obviously being 378, observe 3078 below {remove the zero}
Nothing
concrete at present, given that I have no more than a short while
back commenced exploring your email, nonetheless, I trust the
enclosed may assist in a little regard
I
apologize with reference to the number of digits within a few
calculations, however this be necessary to illustrate the
“hidden” numbers
Peace
Derek
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
{A}
33 ÷ 1881 = 0.017543859649122807
{B}
54 ÷ 0.0175438596491228 = 3078.
{C}
Phi x 3078 = 4980.3086173721763427737182761774
{D}
0.6111 x 1881 = 3078 {0.6111 being 5.5 ÷ 9}
{E}
0.6111 ÷ 0.017543859649122807 = 313.5
Therefore
Phi ÷ 3078 = 5.256770593 x 1881 x 33 = 32.630352106 x 0.6111 =
19.940770731 ÷ 0.017543859649122807 = 1136.623931708
Thus
1136.623931708 x 54 ÷ 57 ÷ 665.5 = Phi
Subsequently
57 x 665.5 = 37933.5 ÷ 54 = 702.47222 {a cyclic number 2}
As
a result 702.47222 x 1881 = 1321350.25 {exactly} this being 1.6363
x 807491.819444 {a cyclic number 4} and this x Phi =
1306549.209498604 this being 1136.623931708 x 1149.5 {exactly}
The
1149.5 being the square root of 1321350.25 this divided by the exact
number required 47816.500002191621145066408550634 = 27.633771813901
Consequently
27.633771813901 x 1.63636 = 45.218899331
Consequently
a “near miss” being 47816.5 ÷ 26 = 1839.09615384
As
a result 1839.09615384 ÷ 1136.623931708 ÷ 1839.09615384
= 1.618033988 hence Phi correct to nine decimal places
The
precise numbers being 47816.500002191621145066408550634 ÷ 26 ÷
1839.0961539304 = 1136.623931708 this multiplied by the 0.017543859649122807
= 19.940770731 x 0.6111 = 12.1860265 x 33 x 1881 = 756423.226551823
÷ 467495.263888 {a cyclic number 8}= Phi
Therefore
47816.50000219162162 {a cyclic 162} ÷ 26 x 0.017543859649122807
x 0.6111 x 33 x 1881 = 1223918.4904407124688149688149 this
divided by 756423.226551823575266666666666 {a cyclic number 6} =
1.6180339887498948482050 hence Phi correct to 22 decimal places
Derek
Likewise,
note the numbers within the previous email
{A}
0.6111 this multiplied by 3004.3636 = 1836 the roofline length {modern
day inches} of the Grand Gallery, subsequently obviously 18 + 36 = 54, the
floor-line length of 1881 minus 1836 = 45 a mirror 54. otherwise 18 x 36 = 648
= 12 x 54, or else 18 x 81 = 1458 = 27 x 54
The
3004.3636 being the previous 1.6363 x 1836
The
previous email 3078 being 33 x 54 = 1782 ÷ 3078 = 0.578947368421052631
although a long cyclic is within, note the number 684 that multiplied by 8.888
= 6080 the
British
Admiralty
“
Sea
”
mile furthermore 6080 is the Grand Gallery 1881 x 3.2323. Therefore 0.578947368421052631
x 1881 = 1089 this being a reversed 9801. The numbers 9801 and 8712 are the
only four-digit numbers that are integral multiplies of their reversals.
{B}
The opening words of the Hebrew Torah: Bereshit Bara obtain the Gematria value
1116 this being the above 0.6111 x 1826.1818 this multiplied by 5.366935483870967741
= 9801 the 5.366935483870967741 x 1116 = 5989.5
{C}
within the previous email, we observe 665.5 as a result 5989.5 ÷ 665.5 = 9
This
665.5 commences with Gematria Weapons of god 665 in addition to 665 x 2.8285714
= 1881, as regards the 2.8285714 this multiplied by 133.6363 =
378 {GP half-base side} the 133.6363 x 2.2 = 294 Gematria Church.
consequently 665.5 ÷ 665 = 1.00075187969 this multiplied by the “Sea”
mile of 6080 = 6084.571428 this being the mile of 5280 x 1.1523809
note the cyclic 523809 given that 5238 is Plato’s number of
“fusion” 1746 x 3, therefore 1.1523809 x 1746 = 2012.0571428
that multiplied by 43560 the square feet in one acre = 87645209.142857
which is the commencing 2.8285714 x 30985680
{D}
The 30985680.divided by the seconds in 24 hours 86400 = 358.630555 which is
665.5 x 0.53888 that multiplied by 3240 = 1746
I
consider it be paramount to conclude at this point Raphiem, in view of
the fact that the combinations available are literally unlimited, likewise I
know not whether this be the category of assistance you seek out in respect of
your Puzzle, nevertheless I trust it assists
Peace
Derek
~~~~~
Hmm...
heck of a lot of background stuff there to absorb.
Couple questions:
You mention Psalm 54 as being about a wedding. What is the source of this
psalm? Apparently it's not the Psalm 54 of the KJV Bible because that psalm
doesn't say anything about a wedding, at least not that I can see. [It
is 45]
With regard to the following gematria...
<< According
to Peter Dawkins of the Francis Bacon Research Trust, UK., the number 33 is
the Elizabethan simple cipher for BACON, (B=2, A=1, C=3, 0=14, N =13), total
33. (Francis Bacon was St Germain who translated the Bible).
>>
...how does N=13? Apparently not from the english alphabet, as N would be 14.
What, exactly, is the Elizabethan simple cipher?
Just a few initial observations, some of which may or may not have any bearing
on the puzzle:
<< I
am still thinking about 54 degrees north (Downpatrick) where the Mound of Down
is >>
THE ARK
OF THE COVENANT IS HIDDEN FIFTY FOUR DEGREES NORTH OF DOWNPATRICK = 702 = 9
702 = 54 x 13
THIRTEEN = 99 = 54 + 45
FIFTY FOUR = 126 = FORTY FIVE = THE HANDS OF GOD
ONE TWO SIX = 144 = MOUND OF DOWN
144 = each of the following:
THE GOD OF ISRAEL
VOICE OF JEHOVAH
JEHOVAH ETERNAL
GOD IS SELF AWARE
I AM ALPHA AND I AM OMEGA
I AM THAT I AM NOT
THE CHRISTOS
SAINT NICHOLAS
SERPENT OF GOD
BODY OF CHRIST
NOTHINGNESS
MULTIVERSE
MARK OF THE BEAST
PRINCE WILLIAM
SONS OF LIGHT
THE DIVINE CYCLE
REVERSE SIX
CIRCLE OF SOUND
CIRCLE OF STONE
CIRCLE OF TONES
CIRCLE OF NOTES
THE GOLD STONE
THE PHI SCALE NODE
THE NINE CIRCLES
ONE TWO SIX
THE ALPHANUMBER
THE ILLUSION
THE COMPUTER
SQUARE OF FIVE
SQUARE OF NINE
DIVINE SQUARE
GEOMETRIC SHAPE
SIGN OF THE CROSS
NINE IS THE KEY
THE SECRET KEY
THE YAHWEH KEY
JESUS IS NINE
LUCIFER IS NINE
FORTY FOUR
ONE HUNDRED FEET (Interestingly, ONE HUNDRED FORTY FOUR FEET=288=144x2)
THIRTY DEGREE
THE GREEK ALPHABET
FIVE THOUSAND
NINE THOUSAND
GODDESS TEMPLE
STONE TEMPLE
PETER THE ROCK
EARTH TEMPLATE
CROP TEMPLATE
THE LEFT PILLAR (re
"Boaz", the broken left pillar of the Temple of Solomon.
BOAZ=44=ABRAHAM. FORTY FOUR = 144)
THE VINE OF DAVID
BRIDE + BRIDEGROOM
THE PERFECT BALANCE
DOUBLE HELIX CODE
THE CODE OF YHVH
THE MUSICAL PHI
PHI IS GOD DIVIDED
COSMIC PORTAL
THE GATE IS OPEN
THE WHITE DOVE
SEVEN WORDS (The first verse of the original Hebrew text of Genesis contains 7
words.)
SIX NUMBERS
TOMB OF STONE
ALCHEMICAL ELIXIR
THE TWO ONES
<< In
the Bible (Ezekiel), there is a riddle about the 'Tender Twig' of the
vine of the House of Judah >>
THE VINE OF THE HOUSE OF JUDAH = 270 = 9
You say "Mor" also means "mound". And you mentioned a
possible Rennes le Chateau connection.
Tea Tephi Mound = 151 = the following:
NINE BLUE APPLES = 151 ("Blue Apples" refers to part of the Rennes
mystery)
RENNES LE CHATEAU = 151
SOUTH OF FRANCE = 151 (the location of Rennes le Chateau)
JESUS CHRIST = 151
JESUS SANGREAL = 151 (meaning Jesus Bloodline)
VICAR OF CHRIST = 151 (another title for the Pope)
JESUS IS LORD = 151
LORD OF HOSTS = 151
CHRIST THE KING = 151
THE TEMPLE OF GOD = 151 (Rev. 11:19, where the Ark of the Testament was seen)
THE VIRGIN MARY = 151
SAY HAIL MARYS = 151
HOUSE OF MAGDALENE = 151
ISIS THE QUEEN = 151
THE TWELVE BEES = 151
ENERGY OF LIGHT = 151
LIGHT PENTAGRAM = 151
NINE TRIADS = 151
INTERSECTION = 151
THE GRAND CROSS = 151
SERPENT ROPE = 151
MUSICAL TONES = 151
MUSICAL NOTES = 151
MUSICAL STONE = 151
GEOMETRIC LIGHT = 151
THE ALPHABET WHEEL = 151
THE CIRCLE OF TIME = 151
SOPHIA + WISDOM = 151
THE HOLY FATHER = 151
REVOLUTION = 151
A ONE ON BOTH ENDS = 151 (1st portion of a physical description of the number
151)
THE MIDDLE IS A FIVE = 151 (2nd portion of a physical description of the
number 151)
You mention the number 54 as possibly significant:
5+4 = 9
FIFTY FOUR = 126 = FORTY FIVE
1+2+6 = 9
FIFTY FOUR DEGREES = 189
1+8+9 = 18 = 9
Regarding the Twin Pillars:
TWIN = 66 (twice 33)
TWIN PILLARS = 153 = 9
The number 153 holds much information in terms of sacred geometry and the
vesica piscis.
In the following phrases note the preponderance of gematria values that reduce
to 9:
TWIN PILLARS = 153 = HOUSE OF ISRAEL = MARY OF BETHANY
GUARDIAN PILLARS = 162 (ONE SIX TWO = 144)
TWO TEMPLE PILLARS = 216 (TWO ONE SIX = 144)
THE TWIN PILLARS ARE THE GUARDIANS OF MARY MAGDALENE = 477
THE TWIN PILLARS ARE THE GUARDIAN PILLARS = 405
JESUS = 74 (7+4=11)
SEVENTY FOUR IS ELEVEN = 261 = JESUS WAS THE LEFT PILLAR
THE TWO ONES = 144 = BRIDE+BRIDEGROOM
THE TWO ONES ARE THE PILLARS = 288 = 144 x 2
ONE PILLAR WAS THE GROOM TO BE = 288 = 144 x 2
THE MIDDLE IS A FIVE = 151 = BALANCE OF MALE AND FEMALE
JESUS CHRIST = 151
ONE FIVE ONE IS THE MARRIAGE CODE = 270 = JESUS CHRIST+MARY MAGDALENE
FIVE IS MARY MAGDALENE = 189
FIVE IS THE MARRIAGE ALTER = 234
GUARDIANS OF MARY MAGDALENE = 234 = THE VINEYARD OF THE LORD
ONE WAS JESUS = 151
ONE PILLAR WAS CHRIST = 222
ONE PILLAR WAS GOD = 171 = THE WIFE OF JESUS = THE QUEEN OF HEAVEN = TEMPLE OF
THE BODY
THE TWO PILLARS ARE THE BRIDE AND GROOM = 360 (complete circle in arc degrees)
ONE PILLAR WAS THE BRIDE = 216
TWO ONE SIX = 144
ONE PILLAR WAS THE GROOM TO BE = 288 = 144 x 2
THE MARRIAGE SACRIFICE = 198 = THE RESURRECTION
THE MARRIAGE WAS SACRIFICED = 225
THE MARRIAGE WAS SACRIFICED FOR THE SALVATION OF MAN = 459
FOUR FIVE NINE = 144
THE MARRIAGE WAS SACRIFICED AT THE HANDS OF JEHOVAH GOD = 441 (reverse of 144)
THE PILLARS ARE THE HANDS OF GOD = 270
MAGDALENE = 62 = QUEEN
WISDOM OF SOLOMON = 207
THE TWIN PILLARS ARE THE GATEWAY TO THE VINYARD OF THE LORD = 594
THE TWIN PILLARS ARE THE GATEWAY TO THE ORCHARD OF POMEGRANATES = 630
TWO PILLARS OF SOPHIA = 234
THE DOORWAY TO WISDOM = 252 = CHRIST CONSCIOUSNESS = ONE HUNDRED FORTY FOUR
THE VINE OF DAVID = 144
MARY MAGDALENE = 119 = VINE OF BLOOD
THE VESSEL OF CHRIST BLOOD = 261
FISH + CHRIST = 119 = MARY MAGDALENE
FISH MAIDEN = 88 = IMMANUEL = IESOUS
FISH MAIDEN + MARY MAGDALENE = 207
CROSS OF LIGHT = 151 = JESUS CHRIST
SIX POINT = 126
SIX POINTED = 135
SIX POINTS OF LIGHT = 222 = ONE PILLAR WAS CHRIST
Margaret Starbird [author of 'The Woman with the Alabaster Jar'] says the six-pointed "cross of light" is a common
symbol found as a watermark in the paper of many of the Albigensian religious
writings including the pages of their early Bibles. This was a way of hiding
their heretical beliefs from the eyes of the Inquisition.
Cross of Light
Starbird says the Latin word "LUX" was often used in conjunction
with the "cross of light" symbol. The Greek spelling, also using
three letters, came to be condensed into the single letter "X" and
was called by the early Christians as the "sign of the cross".
(p.95, The Woman With the Alabaster Jar)
SIGN OF THE CROSS = 144 = BODY OF CHRIST = THE GOD OF ISRAEL = VOICE OF
JEHOVAH
The number 144 is said to be associated with the concept of "light".
THE FALL OF THE TEMPLE = 189 = THE BEGINNING AND THE END
THE LEFT PILLAR = 144 (re "Boaz", the broken left pillar of the
Temple of Solomon. BOAZ=44. FORTY FOUR = 144) = BRIDE + BRIDEGROOM
THE SECRET OF THE PILLAR = 225
THE SECRET OF THE TWO PILLARS = 351
THE MYSTERY OF THE RIGHT PILLAR = 342 = JESUS CHRIST IS THE RIGHT PILLAR = THE
BROKEN MARRIAGE OF JESUS CHRIST
THE LEFT PILLAR IS THE CRUCIFIED CHRIST = 360
THE RIGHT PILLAR IS THE RESURRECTED = 360
THE RIGHT PILLAR IS THE RESURRECTED BODY OF CHRIST = 504
504 - 360 = 144 = THE LEFT PILLAR
Note: Interpreting the above: when the 360 of the Left Pillar is removed from
the 504 of the Right Pillar the result is 144, the Left Pillar (the same one
that was removed).
THE RESURRECTED BODY OF JESUS CHRIST = 387
THE LEFT PILLAR IS THE BRIDE = 243 = THE BRIDE OF JESUS CHRIST
THE BRIDE WAS LEFT AT THE ALTER OF THE LEFT PILLAR = 432
THE GROOM LEFT = 144
HOUSE OF GENDER BALANCE = 180 (half circle)
THE BALANCE IS OFF = 126
THE UNIVERSE OUT OF BALANCE = 261 = JESUS WAS THE LEFT PILLAR
MARY MAGDALENE WAS THE LEFT PILLAR = 306
261 + 306 = 567
WOUND = 77 = CHRIST
THE POMEGRANATE = 148 = THE LION OF JUDAH
POMEGRANATE ORCHARDS = 216
THE ORCHARD OF POMEGRANATES = 270 = SACRED
BLOOD OF JESUS CHRIST = JESUS
CHRIST+MARY MAGDALENE = THE PILLARS ARE THE HANDS OF GOD
Starbird says the pomegranate was a symbol of fertility in ancient religions.
She says, "In the Song of Songs, the garden of the Bride and Bridegroom
is an orchard of pomegranates." (The woman With The Alabaster Jar, p.92)
JESUS CHRIST AND MARY MAGDALENE WERE REUNITED IN THE ORCHARD OF POMEGRANATES =
729
THE VINEYARD OF THE LORD = 234
"The vineyard of the Lord is the House of Israel, and the men of Judah
are his cherished plant." (Isaiah 5:7)
HOUSE OF ISRAEL = 153
234 + 153 = 387
I WILL MAKE YOU INTO FISHERS OF MEN = 351
FISHERS OF MEN = 137 = THE LOST BRIDE = THE DIVINE CHALICE
THE WIFE OF JESUS = 171 = THE QUEEN OF HEAVEN = KING OF HEAVEN = TEMPLE OF THE
BODY
YHVH IS WITHIN THE TEMPLE OF THE BODY = 378
MAGDALENE = 62 = QUEEN
BRIDE + BRIDEGROOM = 144
BALANCE OF MALE AND FEMALE = 151 = SOPHIA + WISDOM
THE BRIDE OF JESUS CHRIST = 243
THE BRIDEGROOM OF MARY MAGADALENE = 279 (243+279 = 522)
MARY MAGDALENE THE BRIDE OF CHRIST = 288
MARY MAGDALENE WAS THE BRIDE OF JESUS CHRIST = 405
-Gary-
~~~~~~~~~
Your
research is familiar.I have
similar findings, including John Dee and the 007 connection. I will try to
locate my research and submit to the group.
Among
his many roles, Dee was in charge of security for Queen Elizabeth I.She would answer his messages with two o’s representing him as the
queen’s eyes, and she would trace a right angle around the two eyes to
indicate that the queen’s eyes ( Dee) was protected by the Queen, hence
the 007.One of John Dee’s top secret agents was a De Phillipes fellow,
possibly an ancestor of mine.
Some
research points to Francis Bacon as her son.
I
also used to have links to the genealogy from Adam to Jesus to modern day
monarchy, which have since been removed from the Internet somehow.I have since found other web sites but not as complete as the initial
once which have disappeared.
I
strongly believe that the Ark of the Covenant was moved to either Ireland or France ( Rennes
le Chateau).Joseph
brought Mary Magdalene and the Cup ( Sang Real, Holy Grail) to France. He
and his descendants, Aromatherapy
and his descendents , the knight of the round table, created the interesting
connection between France and Britain (including Ireland).
I
have read your material attentively, would you please provide me with your
web site so that I can view the Downpatrick burial site?
I
will return with more info.
J
~~~~~~
Given
that the Grail family were the Essenes, am using their Gematria.
I
am looking to see if any particular numbers stand out as common
denominators.
In
Greek alphabet, T = 300 -discount 0's = 33 i.e. T.T. for Tea
Tephi, placed side by side, letters T.T. = 33
T+
T in Greek alphabet = 600 (discount 0) 6 = 2 lots of 3 i.e.33 -
Thirty-Three.
Thirty
Three comprises of twin capital letters of the letter 'T' which in turn
correspond to the Twin Pillars of Moses concealed within the
Ark of the Covenant.
The
princess was buried beneath a mound which measured exactly 60 feet ( drop
the 0) and follow same rules we have two lots of 3 - 33.
Germain
= 309 which added = 12 (0's don't count)
Noah
= 129 which added 1 + 2 + 9 = 12
Ararat
= 803 which = 11 (Noah's ark and Mt Ararat)
(Ezekiel's
story of the princess is called the Scarlet Thread)
Psalm
45 (of her wedding - favourite psalm and probably written by St Germain.) 5 +
4 = 9
Heremon
(otherwise called Eochaid - husband of Princess TTM) = 378; = 18, 1 + 8 = 9
Downpatrick
= 1638, = 18, 1 + 8 =9
Jeremiah
(St G) who took A/C & princess TTM to Ireland = 279 = 18, 1 + 8 = 9
Dun
da Lethglas (old name for Downpatrick) = 842 = 14 & 1 + 4 = 5
Mor
(for Tea's other name) = 310 (discount 0) 3 + 1 = 4
Mor
also means a mound and she was buried beneath a mound, could be long stretch
of imagination, but if we put 5 & 4 together, for the place and the
mound, we have 54 degrees which is exactly where Downpatrick is located.
Also
bearing in mind St
Columba's favourite psalm 45 - about her wedding.
He must have given it the number 54 for a very good reason. Mention of
the A/C always occurs in verses 33, in the Bible. 33 = Thirty Three = TT =
Twins Pillars of Moses concealed within the A/C.
There's a candle that lets you experience the scent of Jesus,
and they've been selling out by the case.
"We see it as a ministry, " says Bob Tosterud, who
together with his wife came up with the idea for the candle.
Light up the candle called "His Essence" and its
makers say you'll experience the fragrance of Christ.
Bob Tosterud and wife Karen say the formula is all spelled
out in Psalm
45.
"It's a Messianic Psalm referring to when Christ
returns and his garments will have the scent of myrrh, aloe and
cassia," says Karen Tosterud.
Interesting, I would have thought it was a reference to King
David, but that's the beauty of metaphor.
The candles are sold via a
website and they've sold more than 10,000 so far. The lines from
the Psalm that inspired this product are
Your throne, O God, endures for ever and ever, *
a scepter of righteousness is the scepter of your kingdom;
you love righteousness and hate iniquity.
Therefore God, your God, has anointed you *
with the oil of gladness above your fellows.
All your garments are fragrant with myrrh, aloes, and cassia, *
and the music of strings from ivory palaces makes you glad.
Candles are important in our worship - there is a Presence
light that burns perpetually in the sanctuary, and there are smaller
votive candles in stands on either side. One side is devoted to
Mary, with a small prie-dieu (kneeling stand) next to it. The other
side is devoted to remembering the dead. During worship there are
often a pair of torches that accompany the Gospel in procession.
On Maundy Thursday, a week from today, the Presence light will
be taken from its normal position just to the right of the
Tabernacle (the small gated enclosed cupboard behind the altar) and
moved over to the side altar next to the remembrance votives, and
the entire area will be dressed as an Altar of Repose, all in white
and surrounded by lilies and other candles.
At Easter, a Paschal candle will be baptized by dipping it in
the font, and nails will be pressed into it to form a cross. Candles
don't just symbolize Christ for us, they often stand in for Him.
Although ours aren't scented, the incense that we occasionally burn
will have to do.
I
am still thinking about 54 degrees north (Downpatrick) where the Mound of
Down is, and the fact that St Columba's favourite Psalm was 45 - and it is
about her marriage to Prince Heremon of the Tribe of Dan. I do not
believe that that particular psalm is a random number chosen - I believe it
is specific.
Clues
are as follows:
Certain
historical figures, possibly the same beings re-incarnating across history know
where the A/C (Ark of the Covenant) is hidden because they hid it. So
we need to bear in mind that they left us clues to decipher. They are
obviously not going to materialize and show us where it is. The importance
of the discovery of the Ark of the Covenant hinges on the fact that after it is found, we
will gain world peace.
The
Ark of the Covenant is part of the Freemasonic rituals.
There
are 33 initiatory degrees in Freemasonry (nothing to do with degrees N.S.E.
W. etc.)
The
Head of Freemasonry is St Germain.
As
Sir Francis Bacon, he and Sir John Dee (Kuthumi) translated the Bible into
English.
Sir
John Dee at that time, was the Grand Master of the Rosicrucians affiliated
with Freemasonry.
According
to the Bible, apart from other items, the Ark of the Covenant was built to house the twin
pillars of Moses (Ahkenaten)- which are TT.
Mention
of Moses, Aaron (St Germain) who was given charge of the Ark of the
Covenant, occurs in 33
in the Bible.
Moses
& Aaron were of the tribe of Levi, and Aaron was the first High Priest
of the tribe of Levi.
Aaron
[St Germain] means a 'box'/'chest'/'sarcophagus "commonly applied
to the Ark of the Covenant".
Noah
(Utnapishtim) [St Germain] "the Gilgamesh version of the Ark calls it simply ekallu,
meaning 'great house' or 'palace'."
In
Revelation II, verse 19 (which is 1 + 9 = 10, the perfect number of
completion), the Covenant Box is mentioned as being discovered and opened.
Revelation II could represent twin pillars. Kuthumi wrote Revelation
when he was John the Beloved.
According
to Peter Dawkins of the Francis Bacon Research Trust, UK., the number 33 is
the Elizabethan simple cipher for BACON, (B=2, A=1, C=3, 0=14,
N =13), total 33.
(Francis Bacon was St Germain who translated the Bible).
The late Alfred Dodd, biographer of Francis Bacon informs us in his
book titled Francis
Bacon’s Personal Life Story as follows:
Thirty-Three:
“‘33’
was
the numerical signature of Bacon as well as the Highest Masonic
Degree, and the symbols of ‘T.T.’ run likea golden thread throughout
the ceremonials of Masonry and Rosicrucianism from the first Masonic
Step…’T’ and the ‘33’ candles on the Rosicrucian Altar.”
In
the Targum Onkelos 33:12 (Aramaric Version of the Bible):
"The
beloved of the Lord shall dwell safely by him: the shield shall be over him
all the days, and the Shekinah (Ark of the Covenant) will dwell in his
land".
Using
the Pythagorean method of ciphers (Pythagoras was Kuthumi who reincarnated
as John the Beloved)
33
+ 12 = 45 and 4 + 5 = 9.
The
'beloved of the Lord' was John the Beloved (Kuthumi). In his
incarnation as St Patrick, he built his first church at Saul, near
Downpatrick. - Downpatrick is named in his honour. The areas are on Leylines.
St
Germain in his incarnation as St Columba/Merlin/Taliesin, born in Northern
Ireland during the 6th century AD, (which is also 33) prophesied that he
would be buried with Patrick (Kuthumi) and St Brigid (Mary of the Gaels -
the Lady Portia of St Germain fame).
At the time this would have seemed most unlikely. When Patrick died, he
was buried on a hill, which overlooks the Mound of Down - Brigid was buried
in Leinster in the south of Ireland, and Columba was buried on the island of
Iona, Scotland. However, due to Viking raids, Columba's were taken to
Downpatrick and so were Brigid's and they were buried together with St
Patrick.
Writing
under the name of Taliesin, St Columba wrote:
"My
prosperity in guiless Iona" (where he established a major centre of
Learning of the Ancient Mysteries and where hand written copies of the Bible
were done)
"My
soul in Derry (where he was born in Northern Ireland)
"And
my body beneath the flagstone beneath which are Patrick and Brigid"
There
has been a Cathedral on the hill for many centuries. They are now
buried beneath a flagstone there. According to F.L. Rawson in his book
titled Life Understood (1920), the location of the burial place of the Ark
of the Covenant
was near the Town Cross. Today, that Town Cross stands in front of the
Cathedral on the hill overlooking the Mound of Down. It was originally
a location marker for the town.
The Etiopians believe that the actual
Ark of the Covenant is kept in a chapel ... While the Talmud states
that "The Ark of the Covenant is hidden in a ...
www.greatdreams.com/ark2.htm -
It might give a unified theory of
Sirius, Annunaki, Ark of the Covenant, ... Thus Knut, the very Great
Pyramid itself, became an Ark of the Covenant. ...
www.greatdreams.com/covenant.htm
They bring me to an Ark and we
proceed to enter into the Ark and to descend ... to the hull of the
Ark below. There is the sense of being on a journey in ...
www.greatdreams.com/ark.htm -
It is known that you wish to find the
Ark of the Covenant. ... There are many copies of the Ark available.
Many believe they have the real thing but they ...
www.greatdreams.com/spirit_speaks.htm
Going
back in time:
In
circa 586 BC, St Germain in his incarnation as Jeremiah the Prophet
(mentioned in the Bible), prophesied the fall of the Temple of Jerusalem by
King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. It was in this Temple that the Ark of
the Covenant was
housed.
In
his incarnation as David, anointed by the Prophet Samuel (St Germain) as
King of the House of Judah, Kuthumi designed the plans for the Temple and
before his demise, made his son Solomon (El Morya) promise to build the
Temple in which to house the A/C. (Prior to this, is had been house in
a tent).
King
Zedekiah of the House of Judah and his two princely sons were captured and
killed by Nebuchadnezzar. Prior to this event, Jeremiah (St
Germain) who was the great great grandfather of the princes, and their
sister, Princess Tea Tephi Mor, escorted her along with Jacob's Pillow
(which in Ireland became known as the Stone of Destiny - the Coronation
Stone of Great Britain), to Ireland. They also took the Ark of the
Covenant. They
landed on the North East coast of Northern Ireland (Ulster). (North East is
Downpatrick).
In
the Bible (Ezekiel), there is a riddle about the 'Tender Twig' of the
vine of the House of Judah, the last remaining royal descendant -
deciphered in Irish legend, she was the Princess Tea Tephi Mor.
Tender
Twig is also TT. TT represents not only the Twin pillars of Moses, but
also Thirty Three.
Tea
Tephi is also TT in initials, and also phoenetically TEA TE with Phi added.
So
I don't know if the Phi is related....
'Mor'
is not a Middle Eastern name - as in having come from Jerusalem.
'Mor'
in Gaelic means a 'Mound'.
Tara,
County Meath, in the southern region of Ireland (which is the
Republic of Ireland), was the home of the High Kings of Ireland.
Jeremiah (St Germain) reunited the House of Judah with that of the tribe of
Dan, when he conducted the marriage ceremony between Prince Heremon (tribe
of Dan) and Princess Tea Tephi Mor, upon Jacob's Pillow (Stone of Destiny
which became Britain's Coronation Stone eventually housed underneath the
throne in Westminster Abbey).
In
his incarnation as St Columba, Archdruid High Priest who was the Merlin of
the 6th century AD, he wrote many hymns. His favourite Psalm was
number 45. This is the Royal Wedding of Princess Tea Tephi Mor.
5 +
4 = 9. And mentioned above :
In
the Targum Onkelos 33:12 (Aramaric Version of the Bible) "The beloved
of the Lord shall dwell safely by him: the shield shall be over him all the
days, and the Shekinah (Ark of the Covenant) will dwell in his land".
Using
the Pythagorean method of ciphers (Pythagoras was Kuthumi who reincarnated
as John the Beloved)
33
+ 12 = 45 and 4 + 5 = 9.
Within
the Rosicrucian school of thought there is a lot of instruction about
it as it relates to our incarnations. Apparently, if/when we reach the
9th level of the spiral, in our experiences of life, then we have
completed our mission for this incarnation. It is also three times
three or completeness, the third time around the triangle. This could be the
reason we don't recognise (in the Rosicrucian Order) any degrees above
the 9th, all a student is permitted to say is that he/she is studying
beyond the 9th. Hope this is useful, talk soon.
Also,
the mound (Mor) where I believe the princess is buried beneath, is at
Downpatrick, County Down, Northern Ireland, which is 54 degrees north and
this is why I believe Psalm 54 is a clue as to the degrees of its location.
The
princess was buried with the Ark of the Covenant.
According
to the Bible codes, the Ark of the Covenant is hidden 'North'.
According
to the Irish bards of the time, she was buried beneath a mound that measured
60 feet exactly.
The
Mound of Down (Downpatrick) measures exactly 60 feet in height.
Using
the Pythagorean method, 0's are not counted, so 60 = two lots of 3 - 33 (as
in Freemasonry) and its rites to do with the A/C.
In
his incarnation as Alexander the Great of Macedonia, Alexander (St
Germain) wrote of a dream in which he was taken by a green man (Ireland
is known as the Emerald Isle and the tribe of Dan to which Prince Heremon
who married the Princess belonged, is allotted the 'Emerald' as their tribal
stone in the Bible) - to a distant land.
Alexander
was taken to the top of a Mount/Mound and there he discovered two large
Pillars measuring 60 feet in height.
Thus,
we have 3 clues of 60 feet - which are obviously clues to its location.
So,
we are looking at 54 degrees North and a mound which measures 60 feet.
As
mentioned, this is the exact measurement of the Mound of Down and
Downpatrick is 54 degrees North.
Although
the Princess and her husband ruled from Tara, they later went North and his
brothers ruled from Tara.
They
belonged to the Irish tribe of Dal Fiatach, and its palace was at Dun da
Lethglas (later to be called Downpatrick). This palace which lies
beneath the mound with ancient ramparts around it, has never been excavated.
It
is said to have been as important and as large as Tara.
The
question is, has it not been excavated because high up members of the Orange
Order of the Freemasons know what is located beneath?
According
to Nostradamus, the Ark of the Covenant was hidden in a field which would have to be
excavated.
The
Mound of Down is in a field. The field was once Marsh land
surrounded by water until 1957-58 when it was reclaimed. (See photos on my
website).
According
to F.L. Rawson in his book titled Life Understood (1920), upon the arrival
of the A/C on the North East coast of Ireland:
"...the
preliminary service (for the Ark of the Covenant's arrival) was conducted in
the underground chapel in the fortress of a chieftain who protected
Christianity...the lighting of the chapel in a beautiful way by the Urim and
Thummin..."
And
also, that the Ark of the Covenant was concealed in a sarcophagus in the chapel in a
damp place. You will see by the photo on the website, that the River
runs very close to the Mound and the field - so it is very likely that there
is a cavern/tomb beneath.
Further
in in the book of Ezekiel in the Bible, (and it was Ezekiel who gave us the
story of the Princess)
there
is mention of the new Temple of Jerusalem. Jerusalem was also Zion and
Britain means the Land of the Covenant and the Land of Zion. Northern
Ireland is part of Great Britain - whereas, Tara in the southern region
where some believe the Ark of the Covenant to be hidden, is in the Republic of Ireland.
Ezekiel's
Temple "the kings built the thresholds and door-posts of their palace
right against the thresholds of my Temple, so that there was only a wall
between us."
The
kings would refer to the Milesians kings - Prince Heremon who married
Princess TT Mor was a Milesian -
Her
marriage brought both bloodlines back together regarding the scarlet
thread.
She signaled to the spies by placing a scarlet thread in the window.
This was a sign of Zerah of the Scarlet Thread. ...
www.greatdreams.com/twingods.htm
In
the Bible Codes, Michael Drosnin wrote referencing the Ark of the Covenant's whereabouts;
"It
suggested that we might find more than an obelisk/pillar [of Moses] that the
obelisk might be part of a palace or temple, either built to house the code
key; or perhaps the Encoder."
The
Encoder of the Bible refers to himself as the 'Lord of Code'.
St
Germain as Sir Francis Bacon, and his tutor Sir John Dee (originator of 007)
who translated the Bible into English were both Masters of Ciphers and
codes. Therefore, St Germain is the 'Lord of Code' and he was Lord Bacon.
Ezekiel
47: The man led me back to the entrance of the Temple, Water was
coming out from under the entrance and flowing east, the direction that the
Temple faced. It was flowing down from under the south part of the
Temple past the south side of the altar. The man then took me out of
the temple area by way of the north gate, and led me to the gate that faces
east. A small stream of water was flowing out at the south of the side
gate."
Discussing
the Temple, the authors of the Hiram Key quote from "the eighth chapter
of the Epistle to the Hebrews which quotes in full the Jeremiah [St Germain]
passage which preceded it:
"....an
eternal planting, a holy house of Israel [Great Britain] a most holy
conclave for Aaron [St Germain] witnesses of Truth and judgment, and chosen
by divine favour to atone for the earth, to render the wicked their deserts.
This is the tried wall, cornerstone, whose foundation shall not be shaken
nor moved from its place."
When we arrived, I didn't have a key to the apartment I was going to
take over, ... Christopher Knight & Robert Lomas, The Hiram Key:
Pharaohs, ...
www.greatdreams.com/pillars.htm
(Aaron
- St Germain was the first High Priest of Levi in charge of the A/C.
Ezekiel stated "All the priests are descended from Zadok: they are the
only members of the tribe of Levi who are permitted to go into the Lord's
presence to serve him." This is referring to the new Temple which
houses the Ark of the Covenant. Zadok was Samuel the Prophet who anointed David (Kuthumi)
as King of the House of Judah).
"Whilst
all of Freemasonry is concerned with the building of a spiritual temple on
the design of Ezekiel's view of Solomon's Temple, the 'address in the
north-east corner' immediately comes to mind.
"At the erection of all stately or superb edifices, it is customary to
lay the first or foundation stone in the north-east corner of the building.
You, being newly admitted into Freemasonry are placed in the north-east
corner of the Lodge, figuratively, to represent that stone..."
The
Mound of Down lies to the north-east of Cathedral Hill Downpatrick.
"To
the south, a stream of water flowed." The River Quoile near the
Mound and field, flows south to Saul.
After
the marshes were drained the river became very small - a stream in
parts.
Downpatrick,
once called Dun da Lethglas, means the 'Green sided place beside the
stream'.
Now
we return to Ezekiel:
"Then
the man took me back to the bank of the river and when I got there I saw
that there were very many trees on each bank. This water flows through
the land to the east into the Jordan Valley [do not take this literally -
its a clue to the tribe of Dan in Ireland] and to the Dead Sea. When
it flows into the Dead Sea, it replaces the salt water of that sea with
fresh water. Wherever the stream flows, there will be all kinds of
animals and fish [this was a future prophecy]. The stream will make the
water of the Dead Sea fresh, and wherever it flows, it will bring life.
There will be as many kinds of fish as there are in the Mediterranean Sea.
[So obviously this place is not in the Middle East] but the water in the
marshes and ponds along the shore will not be made fresh. They will
remain there as a source of salt. On each bank of the stream all kinds
of trees will grow to provide food."
The
River Quoile, Downpatrick (see photo on website) was where St Patrick first
landed. By the 1950
s
the flooding in Downpatrick was serious. The problem was solved in
1957 by the new tidal barrier which was built 2 miles downstream at Hare
Island, creating Quoile Pond-age, an area where flood waters can safely
gather before being discharged into Strangford Louch at each low tide.
Strangford
Lough flows east into the Irish Sea which is also known traditionally as the
British Mediterranean Sea.
Northern
Ireland is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and the Irish Sea to
the East.
According
to local tourist info:
"The
present freshwater lake was created by the construction of a tidal barrier
across the estuary of the River Quoile in 1957.
Ezekiel:
"There will be as many kinds of fish as there are in the Mediterranean
Sea. Wherever the stream flows, there will be all kinds of animals and
fish."
Tourist
info:
"The
Quoile is rich in insects, providing food for fish such as rudd and eels.
In turn, these may be eaten by grey herons, cormorants, and grebes.
The Quoile attracts migrating wading birds in the spring and autumn.
In summer, swans and many breeding wildfowl appear."
"The
resulting dramatic change from salt water to fresh water is illustrated by
the succession of developing habitats rich in wild life. The natural
colonization of the former seashore has resulted in the marsh plants growing
along the river fringes, with reed-beds, rushy grassland and alder or willow
scrub in old muddy bays. Woodland oak and ash is developing on the
higher stony shores. Periodic flooding maintains distinct zones of
vegetation."
Ezekiel:
"On
each bank of the stream all kinds of trees will grow to provide food."
Tourist
info:
"Soon
after the barrier was built, plants began to grow on the former seashore.
First grasses, then bushes and eventually trees arrived as a natural
succession progressed."
Ezekiel:
"But
the water in the marshes and ponds along the shore will not be made fresh.
They will remain as a source of salt."
Along
the River Quoile is Salt island and Salt Lough producing 'salt'.
The
Mound of Down located next to the River Quoile, was once known as the
'fortress in the marsh'.
Michael
Drosnin's Bible Codes: "Human nearby in Crypt", "North",
"Tongue of Sea [Mouth of River Quoile] which is dead."
"In
a field on top of a hill"
All
these descriptions apply to Downpatrick and the Mound of Down.
Poem
by 6th century Bard, St Fintan - pupil of St Germain/Merlin/Taliesin/St
Columba - and it is most probably that St Germain was the author leaving us
clues:
"The
wife of Heremon of noble aspect A
rampart was raised around her house For
Tea, the daughter of Lughaid (God's House) She
was buried outside in her mound. A
habitation which was a Dun and a fortress.
[Note:
strange that a qualified bard would say dun and fortress - because dun means
fortress as in Dun da Lethglas]
The
seat of kings it was called.
The
princes, descendants of the Milesians.
I
am Fintan the Bard
The
historian of many tribes
In
latter times I have passed my days
At
the earthen fort above Temor (Tea Tephi Mor)."
King
Aedan Mac Gabran (the real King Arthur) was an incarnation of Kuthumi.
His daughter, Princess Gemma married King Cairellus and their residence was
at Dun da Lethglas. Fintan the bard became the tutor to their son - so
therefore, he literally "passed my days at the earthen fort above Temor
(Tea Tephi Mor).
"A
rampart was raised around her house."
The
Mound of Down is surrounded by several ramparts.
12th
century Irish Bard:
"Where
after her death was Tea's monument? The
grave, the great Mergech (Hebrew burial place) A
sepulchre [tomb] which has not been violated. And
she lies beneath this unequalled Tomb, It
is a mystery not to be uttered."
As
mentioned before, Dun da Lethglas (the 'greensided place beside the stream')
was the royal seat of the Dal Fiatach - the tribe to which Princess Tea
Tephi and Heremon belonged in Ireland.
Info
from Irish book.
"The
Mound of Down is one of Ireland's major earthworks. Somewhere
underneath the Hill lies a royal site once inhabited by a king and his
followers before that. Its size and appearance are very similar to the
fort of the kings of Tara, suggesting that the king was a very powerful
ruler. A more recent description showed that the earthwork consists of a
mound set within a pear-shaped banked enclosure, and may have been
considered as a motte/bailey. The bailey occupies the whole elevated
area enclosed by a bank and shallow ditch. We believe that much
remains to be investigated lying hidden under the topsoil of
centuries."
"In
the 6th century AD it was recorded that there was a great church at Dun da
Lethglas (Downpatrick). At that time the town was an important religious and
academic centre. A Dun was a circular fortified enclosure. The
fort takes up a vast extent of ground and comprehends at least three
quarters of an English mile within its circuit."
Another
clue discovered by Michael Drosnin - the Ark of the Covenant was hidden beneath a royal
abode - a 'Tel' which is the Hebrew word for 'an ancient archaeological site
- a mound of earth covering the remnant of ancient ruins.'
The
Mound of Down was the headquarters of the Dal Fiatach of the Ulaid, the
royal kings of Ulster (descendants of Princess TTM).
Info:
"It is important to emphasis that the ruling Dal Fiatach supplied the
ecclesiastical as well as the secular headship, and that this was likely to
have been the chief reason for the choice of Dun da Lethglas as their
ecclesiastical centre. "
"After
St Patrick's death, in circa 493 AD, his remains were carried to Dun da
Lethglas, a hill already crowned with the earthworks that enringed the
fortress of the Ulaid."
"Dun
da Lethglas is one of the six royal sites of Ireland named in early
literature. Nothing then is certain about this mysterious Mound and
nothing more can be stated about its history until it can be excavated.
Since this earthwork is the largest in the north of Ireland, and is situated
beside a town of such historical importance as Downpatrick, showing such
potential for information about the past, it is to be hoped that the
archaeologists of the Department of the Environment will make this a
priority in their forthcoming programme of work." (2000)
Story
by Taliesin/St Columba/Merlin/St Germain 6th century.
Pwyll
goes to the top of a mound which is above a palace. [So, if the mound
is above the palace, then the mound is buried beneath].
The
mound had a reputation of somehow being able to cause injury if one came too
close to it.
[The
Ark of the Covenant is protected by some kind of electrical discharge called
Urim and Thummin].
Whilst
sitting upon the mound, Pwyll met a princess who materialized from the
vicinity of the mound - there had been many sightings of her as an
apparition.
THE
RENNES LE CHATEAU MYSTERY
Behind
the mystery is the painting titled Shepherds of Arcadia by Nicholas Poussin.
Using
the Pythagorean system, Shepherds of Arcadia adds up to 88. 8 + 8 = 16 and 1
+ 6 = 7.
Ark
of the Covenant adds up to 70 minus 0 = 7
In
the Bible the Ark rested on the 7th month
King
Solomon built the Temple to house the Ark of the Covenant in 7 years.
The
Seventh Seal and the Number Seven.
In
the Biblical book of Daniel, 12:4, Daniel is told to close the Book and put
a seal upon it.
12
+4 = 16, 6 + 6 = 7.
It
is reputed that by utilizing mathematical diagrams, the position on the
sarcophagus tomb in the painting of the Shepherds of Arcadia, has a hexagram
- Seal of Solomon in the centre. It is at this, that the three
shepherds and shepherdess are looking. I believe it is the tomb of
Princess TTM containing the Ark of the Covenant.
It
was King Solomon (son of King David/Kuthumi) who built the first Temple in
which to house the Ark of the Covenant and perhaps the 7th Seal mentioned in Revelation (by
Kuthumi) corresponds.
"When
on the sounding of the trumpet by the 7th angel, the Ark is discovered in
Ireland as prophesied in Revelations II, verse 19, 'there was seen in
his temple the ark of his testament. (excerpt from Life Understood,
1920)."
"Ezekiel
17:22 reads that the 'Tender Twig' [Princess TTM] is to be planted in a
place described as 'eminent'.
Her
name is derived from the Greek word Temoiria, which in Latin is interpreted
'Conspicio' and every place which is conspicuous and eminent...
Professor
O'Riordain of University College, Dublin deals with the anme, giving it its
ancient form as Teamhair na Riogh 'Tea Mur', the wall of 'Tea', and again 'a
meeting place which is conspicuous and eminent' and in the Book of Leinster
' a place from which there is a wide view.'
Interestingly,
(and I only just beginning this research seriously), in Exekiel in the
Bible, Princess Tea Tephi Mor is spoken only of as the 'Tender Twig'.
But the initial letters are stil 'TT'. It is only in Irish legend that
she is known as Tea Tephi Mor. In Gemetria, the value of T T = 600 and
Phi (as in Te-phi) is 500 - the 0's are discounted and so the total is 11 -
which 'maybe' could refer to the twin pillars of Moses in the Ark of the
Covenant. The
verses written about her in Irish legend were during the era of St Germain/St
Columba/Merlin/Taliesin, and are attributed to his pupil, St Fintan - but
behind St Fintan, would be St G. I have already mentioned
previously that the letters TT represent the twi pillars of Moses in
'Freemasonry'.
Now,
ask yourself why a princess from 'Jerusalem' would be given the name of Tea
Tephi Mor.
Mor
as stated, is Celtic for Mound. None of the biblical names for the families
of the Palestine/Jerusalem have her name.
TEA
TEPHI MOR
I
have always thought it curious that Princess Tea's name was Tephi : Te is
still 'T' phoenetically and as mentioned on a previous occasion, TT (her
initials) could represent Thirty Three whose verses in the Bible concern the
A/C which formulates part of the initiations in Freemasonry.
If
her name is a cipher, then think of it this way.
Tea
= T
Te
(for Tephi) = T
So,
it is definitely TT
(Mor
in Gaelic means a mound)
If
these clues, then what does the phi represent?
Regarding
Princess Tea Mor Tephi and the A of the Covenant (and the Stone of Destiny) Her
descendant, Fergus Mor (son of Erc) took the Stone of Destiny to Scotland.
Because
I also do genealogy, it occurred to me that her name should/could be written
as Tea Tephi Mor. I believe there are clues to her name. TT for the twin
pillars of Moses = 33, and I discovered when I was writing in the new book
about Iona, that Angel's Hill was had a Gaelic name of something for 'fairy'
(can't remember it today) Mor.
And
then I thought how strange it was that a daughter of Zedekiah, last king of
Judah/Jerusalem, should have a Celtic surname of Mor.
~~~~~~~~~
Yes, this will take some time to study. However
the error of 54 has meaning here, Johanna: 54 = Eyes ( re the 007 ). And the two 0's as
letter O #15 = 30, + 7 + 7 = 44...Hidden. The 7 at beginning and end of
those 00's of the queen's notation have a sum of 14..7 + 7 = 14. Maybe this is the clue for 14 for letter "o" of Bacon, as Gary
pointed
out.
Also, the Bacon Gematria with its 14 = O and 13 = N reminds me of the 27
English Tarot major arcana, where #13 Death, #14 The Hanged Man, #15 The
Sun are what I call the Easter sequence of Good Friday / Death, Hanged
Man as Saturday, Easter Sunday as The Sun #15. In a circle of these 27
cards, these 3 are at very bottom of the circle.
Hanged Man reversed or reversal principle can mean it has the 13 rather
than 14 position. 13 + 14 = 27...the alphanumeric 27 completed
template
of my work. 27 = CODE.
Re 45, 45 = East, Path, Bridge, Chapel.
This reminds me of the 213 stone cubes in Rosslyn Chapel, one of which
is an activation device which activated recently. Cube 13 theme.
45 also = GOD DNA, or Heal DNA...refers to Transformation name of Tarot
#13 Death...Transformation = 183, and both 13 and 183 are on that cube
of 13 graphic R sent to us.
Here is magic square 13 with
a magic sum (rows, diagonals, and columns) all add up to 2197
plotted
on a circle lookslike this
This is a delicious plate full of info to ponder. More later. N
On Fri, 31 Mar 2006 05:53:03 -0800,
"Norma" <norma27@fastmail.fm> said:
Raphiem, there is a theme to these past 2 years which I have been reminding
this group & others; that theme is cube 13. And the meaning behind 13 is
Transformation, the next biological stage or upgrade for humanity and Earth.
It refers to tarot card #13 Death, which is renamed Transformation in new
English version. Transformation word sum is 183, the 8 of resurrection
symbol / octave separating 13. In both numbers, a musical scale
complete. Cube 13 sum is 2197, and the difference between that sum answer
last year when it came into my awareness was 192 years, this year as 191
palindrome. This 191 as i,9,1 start or impulse and 9 as
completed process, then 1 again suggests a flip-flop effect to this year.
This effect has been outpicturing in events, and lives. The cube as volume
to a square. 6 sides to a cube, this '06 year. N
On Sat, 01 Apr 2006 04:16:28 -0500, "Johanna Raso" <jraso@videotron.ca>
said:
Your research is familiar. I have similar findings, including
John Dee and the 007 connection. I will try to locate my research and submit to the
group.
Among his many roles, Dee was in charge of security for Queen Elizabeth I.
She would answer his messages with two o's representing him
as the queen's eyes, and she would trace a right angle around the two eyes to indicate
that the queen's eyes ( Dee) was protected by the Queen, hence the
007.One of John Dee's top secret agents was a De Phillipes fellow,
possibly an ancestor of mine.
Some research points to Francis Bacon as her son.
FRANCIS BACON (1561-1626)
Francis Bacon was the son of Nicolas Bacon, the Lord Keeper of the Seal of
Elisabeth I. He entered Trinity College Cambridge
at age
12. Bacon later described his tutors as "Men of sharp wits, shut up in
their cells of a few authors, chiefly Aristotle, their
Dictator." This is likely the beginning of Bacon's rejection of
Aristotelianism and Scholasticism and the new Renaissance
Humanism.
His
father died when he was 18, and being the youngest son this left him
virtually penniless. He turned to the law and at 23 he was
already
in the House of Commons. His rich relatives did little to advance his career
and Elisabeth apparently distrusted him. It was
not until
James I became King that Bacon's career advanced. He rose to become Baron
Verulam, Viscount St. Albans and Lord
Chancellor of England. His fall came about in the course of a struggle
between King and Parliament. He was accused of having
taken a bribe while a judge, tried and found guilty. He thus lost his
personal honour, his fortune and his place at court.
I strongly believe that the AC was moved to either Ireland or France (Rennes le Chateau). Joseph brought Mary Magdalene and
the Cup ( Sang Real, Holy Grail) to France. He and his descendants, Aromatherapy
and his descendents , the knight of the round table, created the interesting
connection between France and Britain (including Ireland). J
This
little decrypt cipher here is part of a much larger project which i can
not discuss in detail here ... but finding the arc to public domain
is
required for world peace i can't go into here in detail, but the fear is
that it already has been found and in the wrong hands ... but if
bacon was
smart enough am sure they would have planted a few false arcs to detract
the searches ... am not concerned in finding the
ark but if i had to hedge
a bet, it would be in ireland at the mound of down ... maybe the hill of
tara...
re:
magdalene as sister
'Lazarus' was a corrupted
name for Eleazar. Living at Bethany were Mary Magdalene, her sister
Martha, and their brother Lazarus
(Eleazar).
He is known in the Bible
under various titles, including Simon the Magus, Simon the Magi/Magician,
Simon the Zealot etc. He was one
of the brothers of Jesus and it does
mention in the Bible that Jesus had siblings including sisters.
His full name was Simon
Eleazar and he was one of the high priests in the Temple of Jerusalem, and
he was also a zealot/fighter on
behalf of the Essenes.
The lineage of the family
of the Holy Grail, came through John the Beloved,
(Kuthumi) - brother of
Simon Eleazar/Lazarus etc. and 'Lazarus', John the Beloved (alias Joseph
of Arimathea), accompanied Mary, their
mother, and Martha and Mary
Magdalene and servants to Marseilles. Martha and the Magdalene (named Mary
after her mother, Mary),
remained in Marseilles. It is well documented
that Joseph of Arimathea and 'Lazarus' accompanied their mother, Mary, to
Glastonbury,
Great Britain.
In Great Britain, John the
Beloved's (J. of Arimathea/Kuthumi), Anna, (named after her grandmother -
mother of Mary, whose name was
Anna), married a Prince of Great Britain
and it was from their lineage that all the kings and queens of Britain and
Europe are descended.
And so the Bible is correct in its prophecies about
the descendants of the House of David/Judah. And, King David had once been
Kuthumi.
It makes a more
interesting story that Jesus married the Magdalene and as far as I am
concerned, all those authors have just copied each
other and run with the
story/idea. I am not one of the flock of sheep - I am a 'lone' sheep in
this area.
Theological scholars all
appear to agree that Mary of Bethany and Mary the Magdalene were the same
person.
And if this is the case, then
in the Bible it tells us that Mary resided with her sister Martha and
brother Lazarus (Simon in the Bible) at
Bethany.
Therefore, Mary can't be Mary
the Mother.
Also, ancient documents from
that period tell of Mary Magdalene remaining in Marseilles, Gaul, and that
she died and was buried at St
Maxim's, Gaul. The church there is dedicated
to her. And, Mary, the Mother, was buried at Glastonbury along with her son
Joseph of
Arimathea who was John the Beloved disciple to whom Jesus handed
over the responsibility of their mother at the Biblical scene of the
Crucifixion. At times in the Biblical narratives, he is called John Joseph -
obviously given the second name of Joseph after his father -
Joseph - St Germain.
Their arrival in Glastonbury
was recorded by the Archdruids who greeted the Holy Family. Mary Magdalene
joined the Druids at Marseilles.
At Glastonbury there is the
remains of the old church dedicated to Mary and Joseph of Arimathea. It is
also a major centre where the
Mary/Michael Ley lines of Great Britain cross
through before moving on down towards Cornwall.
From: ESMART [mailto:esmarties@btopenworld.com]
Sent: Sunday, 2 April 2006 7:36 AM
Subject: Re: The Puzzle Challenge
Hi All. please guard against corruptions in the
headers on forwards, and suggest in order to maintain order, [as this is
obviously going to cause much traffic] we
adopt some index system to the subject line
to reflect the context as it develops.
Thanks for sharing this aspect of your
research R.. I'm sure we all have some knowledge of the various threads, folklore,
legend, readings, topics. However
very few of us will have any direct contact
with the sources or locations, unless we are re-incarnated! There is a
danger is unravelling a tapestry that has been
constantly reworked over time, re-stitched
and parts fabricated.
It would be very helpful to have reference
dates and timeframes alongside the events, either real, as in historical or
imagined..LOL
And then I thought how strange it was
that a daughter of Zedekiah, last king of Judah/Jerusalem, should have a Celtic surname of Mor.
There seems anecdotal evidence to suggest
that during the Roman Empires domination of the civilised world a wave of
refugees from the Holy Land swept
westward to the Atlantic. Some of
this migration is historical fact, much of it is
not. Based on this almost legend
stories have arisen such as Joseph of Arimathea
[uncle of Jesus ,, ,or patron whichever is
true] having been overseer of the Roman tin mines [rich in natural uranium] in
Cornwall, and from this tales of Jesus
Christ having
visited as a child. viz [...'and did the Holy
Lamb of God, Walk on England's green and pleasant land'] ... indeed in that epoch the
British Isles climate
was very much warmer and
comparable to a Mediterranean one, so no
great shock to the new arrivals.
At every twist and turn of this woven
legend, middle eastern influences were threaded into the pagan, such as the predominantly
Goddess theology. Freemasonry
was founded on this marriage of belief systems taken
from East and West. I guess we all know this.;))
I saw a short in which you stated
unequivocably that Mary Magdelene..
however
i hate to tell ya all ... Magdalene was the sister of Jesus .... not
his wife!!
I have to
ask where is your proof? Do you know how many brothers he had? Did he
have a twin?
How can we
know any of this as a certainty?
I have
read and heard so many possible locations for the ARK, and had a few ideas on
that myself, I read a particularily convincing story related by
an American
Jew
[dentist] who spent his ill gotten gains on an archaeological adventure in
Jerusalem
itself, and claimed to have found the Arc in a chasm beneath the
crucifixion
site at Golgotha. His claim was that the Arc had been split in two
by the sacred
blood of Christ dripping down the crack, chasm which had been due
to the
earthquake which occurred at the moment of his crossing, recall the tale
of the black
clouds, tempest, and earth moved. It was a wonderfully poetic
closing
of the
prophetic circle,,, a redemption of the work. It might have been the
greatest story
untold, or sheer fantasy?
We all
know of Hitler's occult quest for Holy relics and his plunders which were trasnported
by special train to the Vatican archives. Hitler had area of Rennes LC
excavated.
I had contact with an American who secretly planned to dig a tunnel under the
church at RLC. The guy was serious and had the means to do it.
You need
to go to RLC to get a grip on the strangeness. It is not a happy
atmosphere. I
experienced weird stuff there, and then on to a hilltop Nunnery,,, amazing
place.
I could
spend a lifetime in those hills,,, I may have done already if I accept
this reincarnation that you
seem to hold as truth.
In fact
reincarnation is crucial to your trail of clues. No reincarnation,
no validation to your flow
of links, the trail stops dead, to the point that your challenge
appears at times to be more
a desire to proof reincarnation than the location of the ARK. So one has
to accept reincarnation to validate your clues.
On the
abstract..
Regarding Princess Tea Mor Tephi and the
Ark of the Covenant (and the Stone of Destiny) Her descendant,
Fergus Mor (son of Erc) took the Stone of
Destiny
to Scotland.
The Stone also known as Stone of Scone, taken to
Scotland. Apparently was stolen and taken as you say by the British Monarch [coronation
stone] or annointing
stone, also referred to as the 'foundation stone' or 'corner stone' a
rock. Many metaphorical references biblical and otherwise. The haze about this stone was
that
the Scots say that the stone stolen from them by the Brits was a replica and they
hid the original. Recently the Brit stone was said to have been returned [now housed
in Scot
parliament?] ..but is that a fake of
the fake, and do the Brits still hold the original or a
fake up of the original. Double Cross.
Because I also do genealogy, it
occurred to me that her name should/could be written as Tea Tephi Mor. I
believe there are clues to her name. TT for the twin pillars
of
Moses =
33, and I discovered when I was writing in the new book about Iona, that
Angel's Hill was had a Gaelic name of something for 'fairy' (can't
remember it
today) Mor.
Musing isn't the Egyptian 'first time' of the Gods, 'Zep
Tepi', 'Zep Tephi' ? and TT reminds me of the henge and doorway..of
course Time Traveller. Liz will have
much to say about the faery
queen, the tower, the mound and the maiden in the hill. The fairy tales
are legion linking to the Sangrail and chivalry.... and off we fly
with
white horses, unicorns, unravelling as we go, this ball of golden
thread.
Last I heard
... the ARK was container for the
tablets of Moses, but they were not tablets of God fire [laser]
chiselled stone, but rather simple scrolls...two scrolls,
not 12
tablets. Do we not have to seperate fact from fiction, and ask
what is the ARC. Is it, was it a communication device, a nuclear
fusion or fission powered
technology, it radiates by all accounts,
priests wearing lead APRONS, and accounts of burns and shocks, certainly
the texts read so much. Then there are accounts
of several ARKS,
of non functioning replicas maybe, to foil detection and theft, or to
bolster the authority of false claimants to thrones?
What a can of worms. Shekinah was container for the
ARK? I wouldn't agree with that, but we should agree not to
disgree on semantics, for in truth few if any
know the absolute
truth of any of this which even when all the evidence is gathered is
unlikely to to prove conclusively who killed JFK.
May I ask, you want to find the
ARK, or dig up half of
Ireland? More importantly, what for?
I've known a few archaeologists and they know of many
significant sites but have great reluctance to dig for they say if WE
with our time limited intellect disturb
these sites, there will be
nothing left for future generations who may be better equipped than us
to understand what they unearth.
Interestingly when they dug into Silbury hill
expecting to find the treasures of a Saxon King they came across an
empty chamber apart from some flints, some
white pebbles, and a grain of
wheat. When the great Pyramid was excavated they found an empty
sarcophagus. Were both tombs raided prior? What do you think!
Dave
:)) A leaked Gov doc here, indicates our Gov planning mass graves for
up to 350,000 bodies when H5N1 strikes.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~`
Those
who win the war write the history books to suit
The
question then begs if this is the case and Bacon and Dee translated the
bible (assuming it was corrupted prior)
Did
they correct and re-instate the truth or did they further corrupt it ??
So, what i am going to say may be looked at as a taboo subject but
if Bacon and Dee did corrupt it and not correct it then
are they
complicit and if in fact they are supposedly ascended masters
then
they may be bad guys
This
would make all Ascended Masters in the so called 'Newage' circle if
any as "bad guys "
If Jehovah the angry god nuked the place and defeated his brother
Merlin/Enki
etc into retreat and
then went about rewriting the books
to suit .. then am assuming St
Germain as Enki/Merlin/Bacon etc corrected
it later when they translated or left clues ciphers
There
are words KJV that appear in old testament which do not make any sense
i.e. they are out of place
These
perhaps are treated as key-cipher words or markers or pointers
Anyway
some food for thought ../.R.
PS:
sorry guys if you wanted maths stuff, but there is lots of maths here as
Bacon/Dee were brilliant maths genius
Psalm 45
mentioned earlier, tells of the marriage between Heremon, the Milesian
prince, and the Princess of Judah – Tea Tephi Mor.
In
Psalm 47, 47 + verse 9 = 56; 5 + 6 =11 which could possibly allude to
the twin pillars of Moses concealed within the Ark of the
Covenant.
Psalm
46, verse 4 is of interest because it is the very next psalm after the
Royal Wedding of Princess Tea Tephi Mor and it is of
significance
because it further aids in identifying the location of where the
princess was buried.In
this psalm we are told “There
is a river, the streams where of shall make glad the city of God, the holy place
of the tabernacles of the most High.” The ‘tabernacle’
is related
to the Ark of the Covenant.
According
to Steven Sora in his article which appeared in the magazine called Atlantis
Rising, (November/December 2005), titled Bacon,
Shakespeare & the Spear of Athena:
“Under
King James he [Francis Bacon/St Germain] also translated what would be
called the King James Version of the Bible. In Psalm 46 the forty-sixth (46th) word down from the
first verse is ‘Shake’ while the forty-sixth (46th) word
from the end is ‘Spear’.” This
once again helps us to identify the author, Francis Bacon – St Germain.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
OK
some people are getting a little puzzled to the purpose of the puzzle
As
i said it was part of a larger project
i'll
let in a little since most of you have been of most help
I'm
working with a group to crack the Voynich manscript .... we believe
Francis Bacon (aka St Germain) wrote it, some in the group reckon
Roger Bacon wrote it and
Francis continued it later ,,,
Now
without going into great depth since i am only a mushroom at the bottom of
the great minds in this project, mainly computer analysis,
pattern
sequencing some
in the group believe "Tea Tephi Mor" is a link
to cracking this manuscript this gave us a clue hence my puzzle
challenge
...
We
only have poor digital graphics version of it but since I know for fact
that Roger Bacon and Francis bacon (son of Queen Elizabeth) were
the
same entity (aka St Germain) and his friend John Dee (Khuthumi) were always
in the queens court and as was mention 007 was Dee and
I know they encoded Tea Tephi
Mor into book of ezekiel when translating
We
believe the location of the Ark of the Covenant will hold further clue's to deciphering
the Voynich manuscript
later
R.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~`
Raphiem
I
wish you, in addition to your learned colleagues, well in the midst of your
penetrating the Voynich Manuscript, given that tis indeed a
veritable
hotchpotch, replete in the company of esoteric, oft times seemingly
asinine, nonetheless possibly consequential allegory
Peace
Derek
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
From: C Miller [mailto:crichtonmiller@btconnect.com]
Sent: Sunday, 2 April 2006 9:12 PM
Subject: Re: The Puzzle Challenge
I found this a most interesting discussion and
an enlightening insight into the maze like view of the undisciplined and
confused state of mind
of the average human being as we, as a species, decline
from reason and common sense into the soup of ignorance discussed by
Jack
London in "The Sea Wolf"
It surprises me not a jot that the masses
are still easily controlled by the Rulers/measurers
"Some truths will ever remain mysterious for the
slow witted and the foolish; and we need not be afraid to tell them
these truths,
because it is quite certain that they will never
understand them."
Eliphas Levi, The Great Secret.
The Ark is a boat and the cross is a
measuring device
We may struggle through the twisted
myth of his-story and Faery Tales and manipulate the words to suit our
own selfish hopes and fears,
but it will not extend the length of
our lives by one second nor relieve the worlds misery of physical and
mental suffering by one digit of
pain.
Crichton
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Hi Norma
An ark is a boat of many both esoteric and practical meanings
It is the most ancient of our vehicles and the most adapted to the awesome
forces of Nature
It was our first vehicle of transportation and also our homes in prehistoric
times when we traveled earthly seas
The Sun (RA) and Osiris are seen depicted in arks as they travel the
heavenly seas
These forces of Nature from which we need protection are of course order and
chaos and are reflected in the concept of the premordial sea .
They govern our very life death and possible rebirth in this place.
Our ancestors did not see time as we do now, but that everything was in the
moment, They saw time as cyclical change and not linear like modern man.
To protect against the dangerous changes that they were able to prophesy,
they sought refuge in a boat or ark hence the Noah story at the end of the
last ice age when 90 percent of flora and fauna including at least two other
species of Man were wiped out by the sudden melting of the ice caps and the
resulting tsunami's that devastated our planet and raised the sea levels by
300 feet.
Our species (Homo Sapiens) is primarily a seagoing race developing from
marginal shore living hunter gatherers at least 180,000 years ago who were
able to survive through the start of the last ice age to the end of it,
which we are still in to this day.
After the end of the ice age we found that the species we hunted were in
short supply and we began to perfect agriculture
The notion of agriculture brought about a territorial concept leading to
wars over turf, which still exists today.
Current territorial wars are over solar energy stored in the ground in the
form of oil
But agriculture also removed most of us from the clock of Nature which is
the art of measuring the sun and moon against the backdrop of stars and
constellations that we now know vaguely as astrology, (Logic of the stars)
pursued by the foolish who are out of synchronicity with the motions
of our planet
It was from the geometry of astrology that all our mathematics used in this
group and in science were derived.
The geometry was measured and calculated by a simple instrument and the only
one capable of this work which is now seen as the Christian Icon we know as
the Celtic cross, the Wheel cross and Wodens cross, a pre Christian
instrument used by our ancient mariner forefathers to find the time,
latitude and longitude consisted of a simple protractor, two crossed sticks
and a plumbline.
It was used in combination with Draconis which holds the never changing
celestial pole of the sun (source of life)
That is why Moses set a Tau cross in the desert with a serpent in bronze to
cure the poison of serpents for the Israelites.
The rubbish we are fed by self deluded minds poisons us now and we need a
cure before we sink into madness.
The idea of Scoti, daughter of Ahkenaten fleeing to Ireland and then to
Scotland is one such story of displacement of weakened groups from Egypt as
were the Essenes who made it to America
They went in arks or B-arks because they knew how to navigate and how to
build and use ships (Arks).
Britain became expert sailors because of them and this knowledge led to one
of the greatest maritime powers on which it is said that the sun never set.
The protection of the covenant with god, in an ark follows the logic that
built Egypt and from which our Bible and all its stories are derived.
The ark of the covenant ,like the Grail is carried in the minds through the
generations in reincarnated safety from the barbarian and the half wit.
We will need these skills again soon as the Sun (God) shakes our planet as it
did 12500 years ago
Many of us live in indolent separation and have forgotten our bloodline and
our roots as sailors, thats all.
The
Voynich manuscript! Holy code, Batman! Good luck. Perhaps we'll all need to
chip in on a padded room for you when it drives you into the depths of utter
insanity. :-)
-Gary-
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The great flood is a cross cultural story--many
cultures on our planet
record such an event, and some have a hero / Noah as a nuclear family to
carry on the species in their part of the world.
Crichton has excellent research on the cross as an instrument for
several functions. It is a primal form, archetypal, which occurs
first
inside the vesica piscis. Every culture has a means to mark time,
place, seasons, cycles. The esoteric & exoteric meanings of both cross
and ark are rather broad.
N
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Notice the 47, 47 below:
47 = Time, Force and is associated with twin pillars.
Verse 9
56 is an 11, thus a 9/11 twin pillar reference.
56 also = Begins.
56 = April
Spear is also REAPS.
N
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Hello Raphiem and all.
This and the other postings on the Puzzle Challenge subject touch on
various
parts of my own experiences and studies. I'll relate
a few of many
connections,
restraining them to these parts:
<< At the moment I am trying to work out why the Mound where
Princess TT was buried
was of exact measurement of 60 feet.
As pointed out previously, it
comes down to two
lots of 3 = 33 (discounting the zero in the Pythagorean cipher system and
that of
the
Gematria). And TT (for Tea Tephi) is symbolic of Thirty-Three -
Freemasonry. >> (snip)
<< Downpatrick in Ireland, is 54 degrees North. >> (snip)
<< Thirty-Three: “‘33’ was the numerical signature of Bacon as
well as the Highest
Masonic Degree, and the symbols of ‘T.T.’
run like a golden thread
throughout the
ceremonials of Masonry and Rosicrucianism from the first Masonic
Step…’T’ and
the
‘33’ candles on the Rosicrucian Altar.” >> (snip)
<< 5 + 4 = 9 >> (snip)
<< The question is, has it not been excavated because high up
members of the Orange
Order of the Freemasons know what is
located beneath? >> (snip)
<< THE RENNES LE CHATEAU MYSTERY Behind the mystery is the painting titled Shepherds of Arcadia by Nicholas
Poussin.
Using the Pythagorean system, Shepherds
of Arcadia adds up to 88. 8 + 8 =
16 and 1
+ 6 = 7. >> (snip)
I created a music wheel that features 33 and 60. Recently I put it online:
The outer wheel is based on the 360 degree circle divided into 60 parts
of 6 degrees each. Stonehenge may have had a similar
suggestion.
A triangle was "revealed" in the process of finding the various
notes on the
wheel. There are 11 marks on each side of the triangle,
for a total of 33.
The music follows the intervals of the octaves, as the cycles per second.
These can be put as fractions, with a common denominator
of 24.
You will find other connections, like 54 and numbers related, like 504.
Gary provided many connections. One relates to 351 + 153 = 504.
In Carl Munck's system, the coordinate intersect of the Sphinx is
5040. The number 54 shows up in his system in relation to
Stonehenge.
There are 56 Aubrey Holes in a circle, two of which are in the avenue,
with two more beyond the circle indicating 54
and 4.
A code of 5 and 4 or 4 and 5 often comes up. One of the connections is to
the pyramid. The four corners plus the apex give 5,
and the 4 comes from
the 4 sides.
Concerning the "Orange Order of the Freemasons," it is
interesting to note
that the English alphanumerics for "orange" is 60.
For some
reason the
word orange sometimes connects with the Jews. An example was in the
movie, "Joe and the
Volcano." (everyone had to drink orange juice)
The number 88 is one of those "11" types which often become
associated
with distances in yards and miles, like 176, 528, and
harmonics 1760,
5280.
Figuring the 60 part wheel, 88 x 60 = 5280, feet in one mile. Figuring theGematrian Wheel, 88 x 360 = 31680, six miles in feet,
and the sub-lunar
distance around the New Jerusalem. Some early Christians associated 3168
as Gematria for "Lord Jesus
Christ."
There are 88 constellations. Mercury has an 88 day orbit. Jimmi Furia's
brother John told me he dreamed that the Archangel
Michael came and
gave him the number 88.
The gist within my post to Joe being that number be integrated via a
blueprint we modern day humankind be no more than
re-discovering,
assuredly
not discovering, more candidly re-discovering. We necessitate perceiving
via
eyes of the Ancients not
our inflexible oft times clouded via bias and
prejudiced eyes
The 360 divided by 54 = 6.666 of Crichton being a fine situate to
commence,
given that within the Carl Munck piece I illustrated
1.111
Disregard appellations as feet, inches, and volume otherwise whatever we
deal with pure number. Where deemed necessary the
innumerable digits being
abridged
{A} 6.666 is quite obviously the square root of 44.444, which multiplied
by
8.1 = 360. We discover that 8.1 is 1.111 x 7.29, why did
Plato need to
mention the number 729 {The Republic 1X} possibly since 729 is the square
root of 531441 the Comma of Pythagoras
being 531441:524288
{B} 524288 is 99.29696 miles of 5280 the 99.29696 is 1.111 x 89.367272
this
being 729 x 0.122588851
Dividing the Pythagorean limma {256:243} by Gematria Jesus Christ: 2368
obtains 4.448893337 which is the 0.122588851 x
36.2911739864864 that
multiplied by Mr. Malicious 666 = 24169.921875
{C} The 24169.921875 divided by the seconds in 24 hours 86400 =
0.2797444661458333 that multiplied by 23.8312727 regains the
commencing
6.666, the 23.8312727 being the Egyptian Cubit of 1.71818 x
13.87005291005291 which is the Eye of Horus fraction
{64:63} of 1.015873 x
13.65333 that multiplied by 26.3671875 = 360
The 26.3671875 x 916.666 regains the above 24169.921875 furthermore
916.666
is the Gematria Mary 192 x 4.77430555 which is
1.111 x 4.296875 {exactly}
etc, etc
I shall finish at this point else I flood the page, nevertheless whilst
sections of modern day humankind hear, speak moreover see all,
they be
nigh
on deaf, dumb and blind to Ancient echoes of perception. There is much we
recognize not, there is much we be
acquainted with, however as Sir Isaac
Newton put in writing
"A man may imagine things that are false, but he can only understand
things
that are true"
In the spirit of Peace and Understanding
Derek
~~~~~~~~
Well this is my problem Crichton
Been well verses in earth grid harmonics as some here know me for this fame
by my alias over recent years
My problem yes they knew the earth was round and obviously had some
measuring device like your arced cross (protractor) to
measure
but why the damn location, what was so important about it .,.
Also problem I have is when this was decided the location that is,
Greenwhich was not yet decided and have to agree that at one
time as many
others have decided that the Giza pyramid was zero, zero meridian
If this is the case then 54 deg of today was not 54 deg of that time
considering the G.P was zero zero
I believe the location was decided prior earth tilt back in Irelantis, so
how is it possible they knew then it would be 54 degrees
today
Is this a fluke? or perhaps am down the garden path ...
Thanks
R. ~~~~~~~~
“Druidism sprang back to life under the mighty MERLIN [St Germain],
whose prophecies became so famous throughout Gaul
and Britain, and who
forms so conspicuous a character in the Arthurian romances.”
“…they [the Druids] consecrated it [the Tau Cross] by cutting upon the
right branch in fair characters the word Hesus, upon
the middle stem, the
word Taranis, upon the left branch Belinus and over them the word Thaw
[Thor].” (Winwood Reade)
I don't believe that is the way it seems - I am working through Tara,
Taranis, the Cult of Tara etc.
The siblings of Jesus were as follows:
1. John Joseph the Beloved (Kuthumi) alias Joseph of Arimathea
- the 'Secret Disciple of Jesus'
2. James the Just
3. Simon the Magus (Eleazar/Lazarus) (Disciple of Jesus)
(Simon was the earliest Gnostic, and the early priests of Rome considered
him 'the father of all heresies)
(Joseph (St Germain) died in 15 AD and he was succeeded by Simon Eleazar
in the Temple of Jerusalem).
4. Matthew (Disciple of Jesus)
(Matthew also was a 'Gnostic')
(Mathew's son, was Josephus, born 37-100 AD, who is famous for his
Antiquities).
(Josephus defected from the Essenes when he married a Roman woman and
lived at a palace in Rome. He later
persecuted his own people by
leading raids upon them. Simon/Eleazar/Lazarus, is also known in the
Bible as the
Zealot/Patriot - he defended the Essenes against the Romans.
5. Judas - the betrayer of Jesus
(Also known as Annas the Younger High Priest of the Sanhedrin - Temple of
Jerusalem who betrayed his brother James
the Just and had him executed in
67 AD) - sibling rivalry.
St Germain apart from being 'Zebedee' the Fisher of Men (Ze = Zion, be for
Bacon and Dee for Sir John Dee - both being
the translators of the KJ
version of the Bible into English), was Annas the Elder High Priest of the
Temple of Jerusalem.
He had 5 sons who were Annas High Priests.
Jesus was not one of them.
6. Mary Magdalene
(Mary was a 'Gnostic')
7. Martha
There was another daughter, who is not named - there were 8 in the family
altogether. The one who is not named was married
to Joseph Caiaphus
for in Josephus' Antiquities, he states that Caiaphus was the son-in-law
of Annas the Elder High Priest
[St Germain/Joseph]
R
~~~~~~~~~
According to the Freemason,
Robert Ambelain, in his work titled Le Martinisme (1946):
“In Chapter XXV of Exodus, paragraphs 16 and 17, the Eternal One, having
given instructions for the construction of the Ark of the
Testimony, a
little box two and a half cubits long, and one and a half cubits high and
wide, tell us the following:
‘And thou shalt put into the ark the testimony which I shall give
thee’.
“The ‘Testimony’ were the two tablets. Why this expression?
Because these plaques of stone will be, for Moses and the People,
the
decisive proof of the reality of the marvel! Contemplating the
Tablets, Moses, could never, ever, with the procession of time,
doubt the
basis of his mission…Never would the theurgist be able to believe that
he had ever dreamed it! The ‘Tablets’ would
be there, as a
testimonial, through the supernatural imprint they had received, that IVHV
had truly manifested, right before the
leader of Israel.”
“The text of Exodus explains that they were ‘written on both sides’.
This gives us Ten Commandments distributed on four sides!
This is
neither easy nor harmonious. But if one is willing to acknowledge
that they behaved like two stone Pantacles, everything
becomes clear.
For all Pantacles have two sides, both engraved with appropriate
symbols.”
“If two ‘Tablets’ – that is to say, a double Testimony’ were
necessary, it is because as Genesis tell us (Chapter I), Elohim is a
‘double’
god: “God made Man in his own image, male and female
created he them’. Hence the expressions of ‘the left hand’ and
the ‘right
hand’ of God. This duality is recalled in the two
Cherubim which in the words of Chapter XXV of Exodus (18,19), must stretch
their
wings above the Ark and the Mercy Seat of pure gold which dominated
it. Proof that the presence of the Eternal One, God of Israel,
was
linked to the two ‘Pantacles’ which are the two ‘Tablets’,
is also in Exodus which tells us:
‘And thou shalt put the mercy seat above upon the ark: and in the ark
thou shalt put the testimony that I shall give thee.’
‘And there I will meet with thee and I will commune with thee from above
the mercy seat, from between the two cherubims which
are upon the Ark of
the Testimony, of all things which I will give thee in commandment unto
the children of Israel.’ (Exodus XXV,
21,22).”
“The God of Israel could only be manifested in the Holy of Holies, above
the Ark of the Covenant, containing the famous
‘Testimony’…
For there, where the Ark is, there is the Elohim: ‘Thou shalt make
a Sanctuary, and I shall live there among you…’”
Exodus 27 verses 34,35: ‘Put the lid on the Covenant Box.
Outside the Most Holy Place, put the table against the north side of the
Tent and the lamp-stand against the south side.’
Aaron’s rod (accordingly to Numbers 17, verse 8) produced almond
blossoms. According to Robert Ambelain, the ‘almond (shaked)
is
the tree of ‘those-who-watch (shakad), that is to say the Angels whom
the Book of Enoch calls the ‘Watchers of Heaven’. It is the
Wand
the Gods of the Armies of Heaven, the Elohim Sabbaoth, required of its
priests.”
“In the Book of Jeremiah (1, 11 and 12), the translators have translated
this verse in different ways, hesitating to translate shaked
(almond) or
shaked (watcher). Sometimes one reads:
‘The word of the Lord came to me with the question: What do you
see, Jeremiah? I see a rod of an almond tree, I replied. Then
the
Lord said to me: Well have you seen, for I am watching to fulfill my
word.’”
“On other occasions it is translated:
‘I replied: Lord, I see a rod of an almond tree. The voice
replied: Well have you seen. For I am a Rod which watches for the
fulfillment of my Words…’”
“Now, the rod which watches is incontestably a Candle. Around the
Christian altar, Candles symbolize the Angels of the Celestial
Court, and
the two candles which must be made of beeswax (according to the Canon), on
either side of the vertical crucifix, are
the two great Archangels
[Raphael and Michael]. And the Book of Enoch calls the Angels
the ‘Watchers of Heaven’.” These
‘Watchers’ of heaven
would appear to be the Masters of the Great White Brotherhood.
Psalm 45 mentioned earlier, tells of the marriage between Heremon,
the Milesian prince, and the Princess of Judah –
Tea Tephi Mor.
In Psalm 47, 47 + verse 9 = 56; 5 + 6 =11 which could possibly allude to
the twin pillars of Moses concealed within the Ark of the
Covenant.
Psalm 46, verse 4 is of interest because it is the very next psalm after
the Royal Wedding of Princess Tea Tephi Mor and it is of
significance
because it further aids in identifying the location of where the princess
was buried. In this psalm we are told “There
is a river, the
streams where of shall make glad the city of God, the holy place of the
tabernacles of the most High.” The ‘tabernacle’
is related to the
Ark of the Covenant.
According to Steven Sora in his article which appeared in the magazine
called Atlantis Rising, (November/December 2005), titled
Bacon,
Shakespeare & the Spear of Athena:
“Under King James he [Francis Bacon/St Germain] also translated what
would be called the King James Version of the Bible.
In Psalm
46 the forty-sixth (46th) word down from the first verse is ‘Shake’
while the forty-sixth (46th) word from the end is ‘Spear’.”
This once again helps us to identify the author, Francis Bacon – St
Germain.
It is regarding one of the poems of Taliesin.
“I was three periods in the Castle of Arianhod.
I have been in an uneasy chair above Caer Sidhe,
and the whirling round without motion between three elements.
Am I not a candidate for fame, to be heard in song?
The first word of the cauldron, when was it spoken?
Is it not the cauldron of the chief of Annwm in its fashion…?”
(Taliesin/Merlin/St Columba/St Germain, 6th century AD)
“A rampart was raised around her house”
For Tea, the daughter of Lughaidh (God’s House)
She was buried outside in her mound,
A habitation which was a Dun and a fortress…”
(St Fintan, the Bard, 6th century AD)
The ‘elements’ are represented in ‘Alchemy/Magic’ which appear in
many of the legends of Merlin and Arthur. i.e. Fire, Air,
Water, Earth, as
explained in a previous chapter. According to C.W, Leadbeater, in
his book titled The Hidden Life in
Freemasonry these elements formulate
part of the ritual in Freemasonry.
George
F. Jowett in his book titled Drama of the Lost Disciples was quoted
earlier as saying that “the story of the search for the
Holy Grail by
the Knights of the Round Table carries a double meaning.”
“It is generally believed that the search was for the Cup of the Last
Supper…” “On the other hand, the word Grail in old English
means
‘elements’.
"Robert Graves, in his book titled the White Goddess questions the
relationship of Castle Sidhe to Castle Arianhod, as in, were
they the same
place? According to Robert Graves, the word ‘Sidhe’ [pronounced
‘she’] “is a round barrow fortress belonging
to the prime magicians
[Druids] of Ireland.” “…either on an island in the river or the sea
where his [King Arthur’s] spirit lived
under the charge of oracular
priestesses, but his soul went to the stars and there hopefully awaited
rebirth in another king.”
She [Princess Tea Tephi Mor] was buried outside in her mound,
A habitation which was a Dun and a fortress…” (St Fintan the Bard 6th
century AD)
‘Sidhe’ (pronounced ‘shee’) also means a mound.
Robert Graves informs us that the “Sidhe were such skilful poets that
even
the Druids were obliged to go to them for spells that they needed;
it seems likely that the original Caer Sidhe where the
Cauldron of
Inspiration was housed was a barrow…for these barrows were fortresses
with tombs below.
Robert Graves from his book titled The White Goddess was also previously
quoted as stating that the uneasy chair is the
‘perfect chair’ in Caer
(Castle) Sidhe - ‘the Elysian fortress’, Isles of the Blessed, where
the Cauldron was housed, and according
to John Matthews in his book titled
The Household of the Holy Grail (1990) “in the course of literary
transmission, the home of
the original Grail story … it is revealed that
the Grail Castle is established in Ireland. The Fisher King dwells
on the island in
one of the most beautiful places in the world.”
Because the real King Arthur – Aedan Mac Gabran’s daughter, Princess
Gemma lived at the royal palace of the Dal Fiatach in
Dun da Lethglas, in
the 6th century AD, it may be that was indeed his residence too.
‘The Castle of the Perfect Ones’, found in the Spoils of Annwm was
written by Taliesin/Merlin/St Columba/St Germain in the
6th century, the
same period of St Fintan the bard (who was Columba’s student). A
castle is also a palace and as indicated
earlier in this chapter, it was
where the Great White Brotherhood (the ‘Perfect Ones’) resided who
dwelt in the Land of the
North Wind.
The Land of the North Wind refers to Hyperborea.
In Greek
mythology, according to tradition, the Hyperboreans were a
mythical people who lived to the far north of Greece.
Their land, called Hyperborea, or Hyperboria ("beyond the Boreas
(north
wind)"), was perfect, with the Sun shining twenty-four
hours a day.
The Greeks thought that Boreas,
the god of the north wind, lived in Thrace,
and therefore Hyperborei was an unspecified nation in the northern
parts of Europe
and Asia.
Alone among the Twelve
Olympians, Apollo
was venerated among the Hyperboreans: he spent his winter amongst
them. For their part the Hyperboreans sent mysterious gifts,
packed in straw
that came first to Dodona
and then were passed from people to people until they came to
Apollo's temple on Delos
(Pausanias).
Theseus
and Perseus
also visited the Hyperboreans.
From information contained in Peter Dawkins’ book The Great Vision we
learn the following:
“It should be noted that when Jesus called James and John ‘Boanerges’,
an Aramaic term meanings ‘sons of Thunder’, he
was referring to
the Word of God and to the fact that these two disciple-initiates were
indeed initiates, baptized with the Holy
Spirit. Similarly when he called
Peter and Andrew ‘sons of Jonah’, he was referring to the same Baptism
(by IOA, as in Iona,
the Dove and initiateship). There was in fact a
Mystery school operating amongst the Essenes at the time of Jesus, which
led
suitable candidates through the paths of initiation - Lesser and then
Greater. When an initiate completed the Lesser Degrees
and entered
the Greater Degrees, he was referred to as a ‘son of Jonah’, the
Dove.”
“Another term was also in current usage, but had become misapplied
through its popularization; that is ‘son of the Torah’,
where Torah is
the name for the Law or Word of God, equivalent to the Egyptian Tot or
Thoth and the Hyperborean Thor (as
in ArThor).”
“Except seven, none returned from Caer Vediwid (the Castle of the
Perfect Ones)”
It would appear that the ‘Castle of the Perfect Ones’ in Taliesin’s
poem, refers to the Great White Brotherhood. The ‘Perfect
Ones’ are
said to have dwelled in Hyperborea (‘the Land of the North Wind’).
John the Beloved (Kuthumi) who wrote the book
of Revelation in the 1st
century AD, refers to a throne and the seven spirits of God:
“…and all around the throne there was a
rainbow the colour of an
emerald…From the throne came flashes of lightening, rumblings, and peals
of thunder. In front of
the throne seven lighted torches were
burning, which are the seven spirits of God. Also in front of the
throne there was what
looked like a sea of glass, clear as crystal.”
(Excerpts from Revelation 4).
The
‘Seven’ mentioned in Taliesin’s poem, and in Revelation would be the
Seven Great Archangels, also referring to the Great
White Brotherhood.
In his book titled The Great Vision, Peter Dawkins explains as follows:
“The Seven Great Archangels give
form (in terms of thought) to the Seven
Rays of Light, which in turn are the vibrational impulses of the Seven
Logoi or spiritual
Principles. As one great Thought, they are known
as the Seven Spirits – the seven creative modes of the one Holy
Spirit…”
“The
‘North’ is known as the Place or Seat of Government, and the ‘Mount
of Congregation’ of the Lord is in the north, where
the Assembly of the
Holy Ones is to be found.”
“The
‘north wind’ is the creative Breath of God: and Hyperborea, ‘the
land of the north wind’, is the source from which the
north wind
comes.”
“On
earth, Hyperborea has a special relationship to the country of
Britain…” “Esoterically, Britain is the
heart-abode of the
incarnate Dohv and the principal home-land of the great
teachers of humanity from the most ancient times. The history and
destiny of Britain is connected with this, and this important (but
esoteric) fact lies behind the works of Francis Bacon.”
The Lords of the Seven Rays were discussed in my book titled Masters of
the Mystical Rose A History of the Grail Family.
St Germain, as the
Master for the Age of Aquarius, is Head of the Violet or Purple Ray and
according the theosophist, C. W.
Leadbeater, St Germain has always been
recognised as the Head of Freemasonry within the Masonic lodges.
In his book titled The Household of The Grail, John Matthews brings up the
subject of certain of the Rays stating that the Purple
Ray is of
devotional mysticism. “You must balance the Rays in your training,
and you will find in each tradition the elements
which connect it with all
the other traditions.”
“On the Green Ray – the Celtic nature Ray, you will find the
connection with the Purple Ray through Celtic Saints, such as
St Bride [Brigid],
St Columba [St Germain] and many others. You will find the link with
the Hermetic tradition also, through
the Magi Merlin, who is very
important, and is the Master of the Celtic Ray in these islands [Great
Britain]…you will find the link
with the Celtic tradition through Grail
legends and the Arthurian cycle, and with the Hermetic tradition through
the Mysteries.”
“In the Hermetic tradition you will find the link with Christian aspects
through the Rose and the Cross and with the Celtic aspect
through Merlin
again.”
“…and all around the throne there was a rainbow the colour of an
emerald.”
(Revelation 4)
Obviously the ‘emerald’ mentioned in Revelation 4, pertains to the
Tribe of Dan who established themselves in Ireland and
whose tribal
gemstone as stipulated in the Bible, was the emerald.
The
castle/palace of the 'Perfect Ones' was located upon an island where the
sacred Mysteries were taught. This place which
could be described as
an ecclesiastical centre which was in operation during Taliesin’s time,
because that is when he wrote
about it and thus it was in the 6th century
AD, i.e. that of ‘Merlin’ and King Arthur.
Dun da
Lethglas in the North, was once an island (and this is explained further
below).
Reliable sources verify that Dun da Lethglas (also known as Dun Lethglaise)
was indeed the headquarters of the Dal Fiatach of
the Ulaid - the royal
kings of Ulster of the tribe of Dalriata who were descended from Princess
Tea Mor Tephi and King Heremon,
and that what today is known as Cathedral
Hill was their ecclesiastical centre.
According to the author J. Frederick Rankin, in his book titled Down
Cathedral:
“It is important to emphasise that the ruling Dal Fiatach supplied the
ecclesiastical, as well as the secular headship, and that this
was likely
to have been the chief reason for the choice of Dun Lethglaise as their
ecclesiastical centre. The monastery at Dun
Lethglaise continued to
play an integral part in the prestige of the dynasty.”
The place which Ezekiel is describing the new Zion, consists of a river
with a stream, marshes and ponds along the shore.
The River Quoile
is in parts, a river, and a stream with marshes and ponds hence the term
‘Pond-age’ mentioned above.
According to Ezekiel the river flows
through the land to the east and he compares it with the Mediterranean
Sea, therefore we
know he is not talking of the actual Mediterranean Sea
itself. Northern Ireland is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the
north
and the Irish Sea to the east. It has previously been
mentioned that according to Anthony Wilson, discussing the barony of
Lecale in which Downpatrick is situated: “The shores of the barony are
enclosed by the Irish Sea, which has been called ‘The
British
Mediterranean’.” “Lecale continued as an island right up to
the 18th century when the first attempts began to be made
to drain the
marshes and shut out the tidal forces of the sea.”
The name of the goddess Arianhod means ‘silverwheel’ and she is
regarded as the patron of the bards and of Inspiration
(Annwm).
Arianhod is also known as Ariadne. Her name means ‘most holy’ from the
Greek ‘ari’ and adnos. In mythology,
Ariadne was rescued by the
god Dionysus, and after he married her, he placed her wedding garland in
the sky as a constellation,
the one we know as the Corona Borealis.
This star system appears east of Bootes and lies in the north, resembling
a crown hence the name ‘Corona’. In ancient Arabia
it was called
the ‘Bright Dish’. (Reference has been given in previous chapters to
Dionysus and the Mysteries).
Upon
the subject of Ariadne, it is pertinent here to refer to what was
mentioned in the prophecies of Merlin (Taliesin/St Germain)
given in the
first chapter of our story.
‘But his gates shall lie hid in the interstices of Ariadne’s crown.’
“Ariadne’s crown, which is one of the celestial constellations, who
left the world in Saturn’s reign, called the golden age.
Ariadne’s crown here symbolizes the advent of the Golden Age which shall
cause wars to cease.”
The Golden Age is heralded by St Germain, the Master for the Age of
Aquarius and Lord of the 7th Ray which is the
Violet/Purple Ray.
‘Gates’ could mean entrance to a location; ‘Interstice’ means a
‘crevice’ or ‘opening’ which may also pertain to an entrance.
For
all intents and purposes, the cryptic verse by Merlin regarding
Ariadne may be referring to the hidden/concealed Ark of the
Covenant.
And, the star system of Ariadne is in the north.
According to Robert, “I was three periods in the Castle of Arianhod”
means that the Castle of Arianhod “is to be in a royal palace
awaiting
resurrection…”
Robert also informs us that the poet, Taliesin, is referring to the
fact that he spent time there. As St Columba/Merlin, Taliesin
would have spent time visiting the palace of the kings of Ulster,
descendants of the tribe of Dan, whose royal abode was at Dun
da Lethglas
in the north of Ireland.
Robert Graves informs that in Taliesin’s story, “the tribes of
Amathaon and Gwydion in the Cad Goddeu encounter, were intent
on keeping
the secret of Achren...” and he connects the story the Tuatha de Danaan
- the Tribe of Dan to which Prince Heremon,
the husband of Princess Tea
Tephi Mor belonged.
In Taliesin’s story, Pwyll goes ‘to the top of a mound which is above
a palace’.
“Lord”, said one of the Court, “it is peculiar to the mound that
whoever sits upon it cannot go thence without ever receiving
wounds or
blows, or else a wonder,” which possibly applies to the Urim and Thummim
buried with the Ark of the Covenant.
The story then relates that whilst Pwyll sat upon the mound, he met a
princess upon a white horse who materialized from the
vicinity of the
mount. The story does not enlighten us any further about the secret
of the mound for obviously it is not meant to.
The secret is to
remain a mystery.
However, it is rather fascinating that the mound was ‘above a palace’.
For the mound to be above the palace, it would mean
that the palace was
buried beneath the mound.
Although we will come to the story of the mysterious Presbyter John [Kuthumi]
further on in our story, his legend began
circulating in the 11th century
AD. This was a century prior to the advent of the Merlin and Arthurian
legends created by Geoffrey
of Monmouth and five hundred years before the
founding of Presbyterianism. Presbyter John stated that his Sceptre
was an
Emerald and that he was a Christian king who lived in a land of
Paradise where at certain times the waters sank, thus permitting
access to
a sacred shrine in which there hung a silver vessel/cauldron. The
fact that the waters sank, would indicate that the
place would be one of
tidal flows and marsh-land.
“There is a river, the streams whereof shall make glad the city of God,
the holy place of the tabernacles of the most High.”
(Excerpt from
Psalm 46)
“And before the portals of the cold place, the horns of light [Urim
and Thummim?]
shall be burning.”
(Spoils of Annwm Taliesin/Merlin/St Germain)
Ezekiel who gave us the story of the Princess, describes the new Temple of
Zion as being near a river which in places also
contains marshes and a
stream. This description adequately fits Downpatrick. Ezekiel
mentions the banks of the river as
does Daniel.
R
~~~~~~
I can see the dillemma
Remember that the earth was always tilted
although variations in precession do occur and still are
Were it ever not tilted then there would be
no seasons, regardless of what the researchers say
If there were no seasons there would be no
cycles, or weather systems as we know it etc etc
All the planets precess as does the sun
Life on earth depends on the tilt and it is
powered by magnetic force as in NMR and assisted by gravity.
Below is a pre Christian Irish cross from
the old standing stones at Clonfert
Clonfert
The large stone crosses that dot the landscape of Ireland, as well
as Scotland and other parts of Europe that were home to Celtic
Christianity are an ongoing reminder of the early Celtic Church. Though
each of the sculptures is different, there are some common
characteristics. It's hard to say what's the most obvious characteristic
of a Celtic, or High Cross: it's size or the ring surrounding the
intersection of the cross. Massive is probably the best way to describe
the size of many of the crosses that reached more than four metres in
height. This one in Clonfert, County Offaly, is not that old, but still
built in the old style.
These people were mariners and navigators by
the stars and this was the home ground of Brendan the Navigator who was
reputed to sail to America in 500AD Below is an illustration I made for my book
showing the type of boat (ARK) in which he traveled the Eastern coasts
of Britian and France spreading "Celtic Christianity"
(Graphic missing from e-mail:
Copyright
Crichton E M Miller
May I suggest you go to www.crichtonmiller.com and
follow the link to Ancient Navigation which explains latitude and
longitude from a modern perspective without meaning to sound patronising
in anyway.
Giza was 0 in longitude only, not in
latitude.
The great pyramid and the Bible both
indicate its position of latitude at 30.3" degrees north in its
numbers and geometry and is 31.15" E from Greenwich
Its location is important because of its
relation to the horizon and to the height of the summer solstice sun
Latitude is taken from the equator to the
celestial pole and therefore there is no conflict between then and now,
latitude remains the same.
This is the knowledge of the Serpent and can
only be found in its entirety with the working wheel cross.
Dragon
or Serpent Norwegian Church, Copyright Harald M Boehlk
When St Patrick threw the Serpents from
Egypt out of Ireland they went to Dan Mark( Denmark) and Norway and
became known as the Vikings
This work may be found in Det Norske
Pentagram by Harald M Boehlk a good friend of mine and fellow author who
investigates the Serpent Churches and has included my research with his,
revealing a vast pentagram of round churches that covers Ireland at
latitude 66.6 or 66 degrees 10" north
1150/1200 AD
At this time a branch of the Templars build
round churches in Bornholm and Cathedral building begins in earnest
following buildings techniques discovered during the crusades.
The Turba Philosophorum is translated from
Arabic.
In the 12th century the Sword Knights, a
branch of the Knights Templar, was established by the Cistercian friar,
Theoderik in Riga. These ‘Sword Knights’ were later to become the
Teutonic Knights in Germany. The round churches of Osterlars, Nyker,
Olsker and Nylars were said to have been built defensively – although
there is some debate as to "against what," as the buildings
were certainly not built to aid very many people in that case. According
to Erling Haagensen in Bornholms Mysterier, all these sites were built
upon the familiar Templar sacred geometry.
graphic missing from e-mail
This signifies the death of the Serpent cult
(wisdom) under the Roman Empire which still exists today as the Church.
It was pushed to the fringes of Europe to
die there or go underground by 1000 AD
The last remants were wiped out in the next
millenium as the Amerindians succumbed to this Nature loving people who
took no more than they needed and treated the world with respect.
Best
Crichton
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~`
Cosmic cops...2 angels guarding Eden, 2 cherubim of the Ark of
Covenant.
In images of the Ark of Covenant, the 2 cherubim are
angel-like beings
at each end of a rectangle shape ark. They face each other as the
mirrored X axis, or bilateral symmetry of form.
Interestingly, there are 2 such large angels guarding this
apartment building:
each is tall as as the bldg, and they face each other
with arma
upraised
above the roof, their finger tips touching at the peak, like children's
"London Bridges" game. Covenant = 94,
sum of November...and
until last
year, there were 4 of us in this side of the bldg with November
birthdays--exactly 8 days apart.
Nov 5, 13, 21,
29. 94 = Black + White...I
am the only Caucasian here in this predominately African American bldg.
This group has
been / is a soul family from other-whens &
other-wheres.
N
~~~~~~~~~
Hi Norma
Yes I agree
The elephant has a dual purpose in the Serangetti
It lives in symbiosis with the dung beetle(scarab) and the acacia tree.
It prunes and demolishes acacia with its long trunk and its huge weight
This fulfills the balance of the acacia not taking ove and blotting out
light from above allowing smaller flora and subsequently fauna
to exist.
Yet, the acacia depends on the elephant to eat its seeds allowing them
to
germinate by passing through the elephants gut.
The dung beetle then assists by rolling the dung with the seed installed
into a neat ball and planting it with sufficient nutrients to
grow.
Only a few acacia seeds germinate because the dung beetle grub is not
successful in hatching.
Those acacia seedlings that survive grow into trees and are pruned and
felled by the next generation of elephants.
And so the wheel of life turns each tiny creature(creationist) carrying
on
generation after generation adapting to design and function
with its
memory
of ancestors stored in its DNA
We are after all only memory
I look at the whole eco system as an organic creation in
localized areas
adapted to the environment to keep the balance as opposed
to individual
species with isolated intent
We humans have forgotten our purpose in my mind and have become a cancer
rather than a balancing organism with a mission.
What is the purpose of Man in this incredible system?
Best
Crichton
~~~~~~~~
Merlin = 71 = Thoth
71 = Temple.
All this "who was who" can perhaps be understood as a larger
soul, with
its various aspects or facets as "separate" humans. A
Continuum of
human / earth experience for whatever the larger soul's purpose.
N
~~~~~~~~~
Did
u say 66deg north latitude ?? in ireland ?? this is all ocean water ???
Did
you mean under water ??
Also
the current position of Giza as below is given based on Greenwich
however Greenwich did not exist back when pyramid was built
so
it would have been zero zero / prime meridian
Now
hill of Tara was founded and the princess Tea Tephi Mor buried before
Greenwich came into existence
Bacon/Dee
translated bible and inserted the psalm 45 before Greenwich existed
So
how and why did 54 deg come into being when Greenwich was not yet
existed, unless of course the equatorial zero latitude was
already set and
was not the Giza pyramid ...
Any
ancient mariners on this forum ??
R
Zero meridian longitude is nice and
much harmonics especially if one follows Michael Morton, how ever I found many more harmonics
when GP is zero zero both longitude and latitude
Anyway happy to accept that zero was
only longitude only as Michael Morton pounded it into my head that
there could be no other way
R.
~~~~~~~~~
I cant help you, you are not reading what I
say.
I told you that the 66.6 degree line of
latitude that you are interested in is in Norway
You are lost, 54 degrees is a line of
latitude not a meridian of longitude and therefore has no reference to
Giza.
Prime meridians may be set anywhere around
the globe, it just happens that the Egyptians chose Giza and the English
chose
Greenwich later.
The only competent ancient mariner here is
me through
my ancestors going back to the creation of Man
I own the ancient working cross of
navigation in this world and without it you will not find your way
on your chosen quest
For those that have one on their gravestone
when they pass over without understanding will not know how to use it to
navigate to
heaven should they choose to do so.
That is not arrogance, but rather a
statement of fact.
Take my hand, brother, you are drowning in a
sea of confusion
With respect
Crichton
Raphiem,
I am uncertain whether this piece will be of assist, however here tis
{A}
15.59393 x Pi = 48.98980544
{B}
360 ÷ 48.98980544 = 7.3484676406
{C}
7.3484676 being the square root of 53.99997666525
The
commencing 15.59393 being 4.824375 x 3.2323 this being the
product of dividing the British Admiralty “Sea” mile 6080 by
1881{Grand Gallery floor-line}
The
4.824375 x 5157.8080062 = 24883.2 that John Michell maintains to be an
Ancient mean Earth circumference in miles.
The 5157.8080062 being 54 x
95.514963078 this multiplied by the commencing 15.59393 = 1489.4545
this being the Egyptian foot
of 1.14545 x 1300.317460, which
is the Rhind Papyrus fraction {256:81} of 3.160493827 x 411.428571
that is the schooldays Pi {22:7}
of 3.142857 x 130.9090, this being
40.5 x 3.2323
Bear
in mind the Egyptian foot of 1.14545 is 37.8 ÷ 33 otherwise 756 ÷
660 or else 3024 ÷ 2640.this obviously being half a mile of 5280
Alternatively,
the commencing 15.59393 x 666 = 10385.56363 this is 1.14545
x 9066.761904 which is the above 1300.317460 x
6.9727294921875 {exactly} that multiplied by 360 x 54 = 135549.861328125
{exactly}
The
135549.861328125 being 24883.2 x 5.447444915771484375 {exactly}
The
5.447444915771484375 being the above 4.824375 x 1.129150390625 {exactly}
I
believe it best to terminate at this point Raphiem, in view of the fact
that the interconnections be boundless, furthermore as I
have mentioned
prior, I know not whether this category of data be the category, you seek
out, nevertheless I trust it be a modicum
of assist
P.S.
I would presume the word Across may perhaps symbolize Arc and Cross {mere
supposition}
Peace
Derek
~~~~~~~~~
Here
is prime numbers I plotted round a circle
first
a circle divided by 8
then
by 12
and
then strangely by 19 and 20 almost identical
give
shapes of crosses ... all others becoem spiral or erratic
----
circle/8 plotting primes
---
circle / 12
---
circle / 19 and 20
Thanks
Derek
yes,
you are correct ... thank you, thus why i've sort of gone of on a
tangent from Crichton's recent post showing me the way of the cross
here
is circle / 24 plotting primes
now
rotate a little and we could have something close to CM's cross perhaps,
maybe .. maybe not ;o))
R
Rotate eastern arm to 23.4 degrees
instead of 30 and you will have the earth's precessional tilt the
head of the cross will bisect at 66.6 degrees pointing to the position
of Draconis the Serpent
You will then be able to see the seasonal
rising and setting points of the Solstice sun as depicted in the cross
pattee
The top arm shows the precessional motion
that creates life from the Sun through the seasons
The wheel cross pattee below is from the
Spencer Family Churchyard and the burial place of Princess Diana
Copyright Crichton E M Miller
Best
Crichton
Let me show you all on this list the power
of the wheel on the cross
It solves several difficult mathematical
problems that plagued the Greeks over 2000 years ago but was evident to
the Egyptians over 4000 years ago
The Golden Section and squaring the circle,
Pi and the construction of a perfect geometrical sphere
This can be done by any child in a few
simple moves.
Bringing Heaven to Earth
1. Look at the circumpolar stars and find
the celestial pole and the ecliptic pole, The celestial pole is in the
first coil of the Serpent constellation Draconis
Celestial pole and
Ecliptic pole 300BC
2. Measure angles and tangents between
stars and constellations with a wheel cross
Weighted working wheel cross
3. Make a drawing and measure the
differences in angle between the constellations which are named for
recognition.
Celestial pole and ecliptic zodiac in
the Classical Greek style 300 BC
4. Construct a wheel marked in 360 degrees
and showing astrological signs in their proper order.
Working
wheel cross hand carved 2005 by N Anderson, Gardenstown,
Scotland.
5. To simplify matters, take a simple
wheel protractor and roll it through 90 degrees.
6. Mark at 45 degrees to find the centre
and lay protractor flat on the base line and mark through the
centre.
7. Draw the angles to form a triangle.
8. You will see that the angles are 76 x
52 x 52 every time incorporating the Golden Section, to square the
circle requires the inverting of the triangle on top of the original.
These are the basics of our mathematics
which we rely on today and come from spherical geometry practised by
our ancestors allowing them to construct this:
Of course there is more, much more.
Best
Crichton
~~~~~~~~~~
What
I find of interest is your outer rim number 997 in view of the fact
that Phi x Pi x 997 = 5067.95408123
Via
dividing, 119096.920909 by 5067.95408123 we obtain
23.499999999998
The
119096.920909 being exactly 36845.60990625 x 3.2323
{6080 ÷ 1881} subsequently via dividing the GP volume of 91445760
{756 x 756 x 480 ÷ 3} by this 36845.60990625 we obtain 2481.8631102
somewhat akin to the Ancient Earth mean 24883.2. Therefore 24883.2 ÷
2481.8631102 = 10.026016301 that multiplied by Gematria founder of the
city 1225 = 12281.86996875 {exactly}
The
12281.86996875 multiplied by the Pythagorean limma {256:243} obtains
12938.924740740
At
this time we observe a cyclic 740 which is 20 x 37 a, for the most
part, significant number to early Christianity, given that 37 x 18 =
666 otherwise 37 x 64 = 2368
Therefore
12938.924740740 ÷ 37 = 349.700668668 that multiplied by
340.568181 regains the above 119096.920909
The
340.568181 being the aforementioned Egyptian foot of 1.14545
x 297.32142857 which is the schooldays Pi of 3.142857 x
94.6022727
The
94.6022727 multiplied by the feet in one mile 5280 = 499500
that is 13500 x 37 etceteras. Seeing as Ancient\Modern day units are
but varying ratios of each other, in a manner of speaking, the
Egyptian foot in addition to cubit be not the singular options
accessible. Curiouser and Curiouser methinks
Peace
Derek
The Voynich Manuscript has been dubbed "The Most Mysterious
Manuscript in the World". It is named after its discoverer,the American
antique book dealer and collector, Wilfrid M. Voynich, who discovered it in
1912, amongst a collection of ancientmanuscripts kept in villa Mondragone in
Frascati, near Rome, which had been by then turned into a Jesuit College
(closed in 1953).
No one knows the origins of the manuscript. Experts believe it is
European based on the drawings. They believe it was written in between the
15th and 17th centuries. The manuscript is small, seven by ten inches, but
thick, nearly 235 pages.
Its pages are filled with hand-written text and crudely drawn
illustrations. The illustrations depict plants, astrological diagrams,
and
naked women.
These illustrations are strange, but much stranger is the text itself,
because the manuscript is written entirely in a mysterious, unknown alphabet
that has defied all attempts at translation.
It is written in a language of which no other example is known to exist.
It is an alphabetic script, but of an alphabet variously reckoned to have
from nineteen to twenty-eight letters, none of which bear any relationship
to any English or European letter system.
The text has no apparent corrections. There is evidence for two different
"languages" (investigated by Currier and D'Imperio) and more than
one scribe, probably indicating an ambiguous coding scheme.
Apparently, Voynich wanted to have the mysterious manuscript deciphered
and provided photographic copies to a number of experts. However, despite
the efforts of many well known cryptologists and scholars, the book remains
unread. There are some claims of decipherment, but to date, none of these
can be substantiated with a complete translation. The book was bought by H.
P. Kraus (a New York book antiquarian) in 1961 for the sum of $24,500. He
later valued it at $160,000 but was unable to find a buyer. Finally he
donated it to Yale University in 1969, where it remains to date at the
Beinecke Rare Book Library with catalogue number MS 408.
It is known (from a letter of Johannes Marcus Marci to Athanasius Kircher
dated 1666) that the manuscript was bought by Emperor Rudolph II of Bohemia
(1552-1612).
Historically, it first appears in 1586 at the court of Rudolph II of
Bohemia, who was one of the most eccentric European monarchs of that or any
other period. Rudolph collected dwarfs and had a regiment of giants in his
army. He was surrounded by astrologers, and he was fascinated by games and
codes and music. He was typical of the occult-oriented, Protestant noblemen
of this period and epitomized the liberated northern European prince. he was
a patron of alchemy and supported the printing of alchemical literature.
The Rosicrucian conspiracy was being quietly fomented during this same
period. To Rudolph's court came an unknown person who sold this manuscript
to the king for three hundred gold ducats, which, translated into modern
monetary units, is about fourteen thousand dollars. This is an astonishing
amount of money to have paid for a manuscript at that time, which indicated
that the Emperor must have been highly impressed by it.
Accompanying the manuscript was a letter that stated that it was the work
of the Englishman Roger Bacon, who flourished in the thirteenth century and
who was a noted pre-Copernican astronomer. Only two years before the
appearance of the Voynich Manuscript, John Dee, the great English navigator,
astrologer, magician, intelligence agent, and occultist had lectured in
Prague on Bacon.
The manuscript somehow passed to Jacobus de Tepenecz, the director of
Rudolph's botanical gardens (his signature is present in folio 1r) and it is
speculated that this must have happened after 1608, when Jacobus Horcicki
received his title 'de Tepenecz'. Thus 1608 is the earliest definite date
for the Manuscript.
Codes from the early sixteenth century onward in Europe were all derived
from The Stenographica of Johannes Trethemius, Bishop of Sponheim, an
alchemist who wrote on the encripherment of secret messages. He had a
limited number of methods, and no military, alchemical, religious, or
political code was composed by any other means throughout a period that
lasted well into the seventeenth century. Yet the Voynich Manuscript does
not appear to have any relationship to the codes derivative of Johannes
Trethemius, Bishop of Sponheim.
In 1622 and the manuscript passed to the possession of an unidentified
individual that left the book in his/her will to Marci. Marci must have
known about this manuscript before 1644, as the information concerning the
price that the Emperor paid came from Dr. Raphael Missowski (1580-1644) (as
mentioned in his letter).
Marci sent the manuscript immediately with the letter to Athanasius
Kircher (a Jesuit priest and scholar in Rome) in 1666 who apparently also
knew of it and had exchanged letters and transcribed portions with the
previous unidentified owner.
Between that time and 1912 (when Voynich discovered it) it is speculated
that the manuscript may have been stored or forgotten in some library and
finally moved to the Jesuit College at the Villa Mondragone. Marci's letter
to Kircher was still attached to the manuscript when Voynich bought it.
In that letter, Marci mentioned the name of Roger Bacon (1214-1292) as a
possible author, although no conclusive evidence of authorship is available.
A possible link between Rudolph and Bacon
is John Dee (an English mathematician and astrologer, collector of
Bacon's work) who visited Rudolph's court in 1582-86.
The manuscript has several parts and many illustrations. It seems to be
in a code known only to the author and linked to the alchemists of the 12th
century - such as Roger Bacon. The women could represent creation and
rebirth of consciousness.
- Astronomical: zodiac symbols
- Biological: anatomical drawings and human figures (bath drawings)
- Cosmological: circles, stars and celestial spheres
- Herbal A and B: mostly unidentified fantastic plants - shows two languages
- Pharmaceutical: vases and parts of plants
- Recipe: many short paragraphs
THEORIES ABOUT THE MANUSCRIPT
- The language was artificial
- The language was coded
- Dr. Leo Levitov, author of Solution of the Voynich Manuscript, presents
the thesis that the Voynich is nothing less then the only surviving primary
document of the " Great Heresy" that arose in Italy and flourished
in Languedoc until ruthlessly exterminated by the Albigensian Crusade in the
1230s. The little women in the baths who puzzled so many are for Levitov a
Cathar sacrament, the Endura,'or death by venesection [cutting a vein] in
order to bleed to death in a warm bath'. The plant drawings that refused to
resolve themselves into botanically identifiable species are no problem for
Levitov.
He stated, "There is not a single so-called botanical illustration
that does not contain some Cathari symbol or Isis symbol. The astrological
drawings are likewise easy to deal with The innumerable stars are
representative of the stars in Isis' mantle.
The reason it has been so difficult to decipher the Voynich Manuscript is
that it is not encrypted at all, but merely written in a special script, and
is an adaptation of a polyglot oral tongue into a literary language which
would be understandable to people who did not understand Latin and to whom
this language could be read. Specifically, a highly polyglot form of
medieval Flemish with a large number of Old French and Old High German loan
words."
Many people disagree with his claims stating -
-Some of the symbols used in the Voynich manuscript are similar to
symbols in other scripts or notations. In particular, the following
similarities have been noticed:
- Alchemical Symbols
- Early Arabic Numerals
- Latin Shorthand Abbreviations
- Beneventan Script
From a piece of paper which was once attached to the Voynich manuscript,
and which is now stored in one of the boxes belonging with the Voynich
manuscript holdings of the Beinecke library, it is known that the
manuscript once formed part of the private library of Petrus Beckx S.J.,
22nd general of the Society of Jesus.
The manuscript first came to the attention of modern scholars in 1912
when Wilfrid M. Voynich (after whom it is now named) discovered it tucked
away in the library of Villa Mondragone, a Jesuit college in Frascati,
Italy. He purchased the manuscript and brought it with him back to
America.
The history of the manuscript before Voynich found it is unclear. A
letter inserted between its pages revealed some of its history. The letter
was dated 1665 or 1666 (the writing was unclear) and was addressed to
Athanasius Kircher from Johannes Marcus Marci. Marci explained that the
book had once been owned by Emperor Rudolf II, who believed it had been
written by the English monk Roger Bacon (1214-1294?). Marci was hoping
that Kircher would be able to translate the manuscript, but apparently
Kircher was unable to do so.
Upon his return to America, Voynich circulated photostat pages of the
manuscript to scholars whom he hoped could help him decode its strange
alphabet. Cryptographers rushed to take up the challenge. The first to
announce a solution to the manuscript's code was William Romaine Newbold
in 1921. After microscopically examining the letters of the manuscript,
Newbold decided that the letters were not themselves meaningful. The real
meaning lay in the individual pen strokes that composed each letter and
which, so Newbold claimed, corresponded to an ancient Greek form of
shorthand. Newbold's translation, however, now reads more like a work of
madness than the work of a rational mind, since what he believed to be
individual pen strokes were, in fact, simply cracks in the manuscript's
ink caused by age.
In 1943 Joseph Martin Feely, working on the assumption that the
manuscript had originally been written by Roger Bacon, attempted to match
the frequency of characters in the text to the frequency of characters
within Bacon's other writings, and decode it in this way. His effort,
however, proved unsuccessful. In the 1970s Robert Brumbaugh, using a
complicated decoding scheme, decided that the manuscript was either a
medieval treatise on the elixir of life, or a sixteenth-century hoax.
Since then, a variety of theories about the manuscript have been
suggested. In 1978 John Stojko argued that it was an account of an ancient
civil war written in an ancient, vowelless form of Ukrainian. In 1986
Michael Barlow suggested that Voynich himself had written the manuscript
as a hoax. In 1987 Leo Levitor theorized that it was an ancient
prayer-book, offering repetitive meditations on the themes of pain and
death. More recently, Jacques Guy has wondered whether it might not
represent an ancient attempt to transcribe an east-Asian language, say
Chinese or Vietnamese, into alphabetic form.
To this day the Voynich manuscript resists all efforts at translation.
It is either an ingenious hoax or an unbreakable cipher. It is thought
that the horror writer H.P. Lovecraft might have used the Voynich
manuscript as the model for the fictional work, The Necronomicon, which he
refers to in many of his stories.
The word-initial statistics of Voynichese are matched by one example of
an artificial language (which postdates the VMs by at least one and a half
centuries). The statistics of Voynichese and a Mandarin text written in
the Pinyin script (using a trailing numerical character to indicate tone)
are very different. A word game to translate Latin to Voynichese must:
Increase predictability of word starts Make words shorter Maintain the
length of the vocabulary.
- René Zandbergen
At first reading, I would be tempted to dismiss it all as nonsense:
'polyglot oral tongue' is meaningless babble to the linguist in me. But
Levitov is a medical doctor, so allowances must be made. The best meaning I
can read into 'polyglot oral tongue' is 'a language that had never been
written before and which had taken words from many different languages'.
That is perfectly reasonable: English for one, has done that. Half its
vocabulary is Norman French, and some of the commonest words have
non-Anglo-Saxon origins. 'Sky', for instance, is a Danish word.
So far, so good. There are only twelve consonant sounds. That is unheard
of for a European language. No European language has so few consonant
sounds. Spanish, which has very few sounds (only five vowels), has seventeen
distinct consonants sounds, plus two semi-consonants. Dutch has from18 to 20
consonants (depending on speakers, and how you analyze the sounds.) What is
also extraordinary in Levitov's language is that it lacks a g, and BOTH b
and p. I cannot think of one single language in the world that lacks both b
and p. Levitov also says that m occurs only word-finally, never at the
beginning, nor in the middle of a word. That is correct: the letter he says
is m is always word-final in the reproductions I have seen of the Voynich
MS.
Butno language I know of behaves like that. All have an m (except one
American Indian language, which is very famous for that, and the name of
which I cannot recall). In some languages, there is a position where m never
appears, and that is word-finally, exactly the reverse of Levitov's
language." "No European language I know fails to distinguish
between singular and plural in its first and third person pronouns (i.e. I
vs we, he/she/it vs they)."
We are here in the presence of a Germanic language which behaves very,
very strangely in the way of the meanings of its compound words. For
instance, viden (to be with death) is made up of the words for 'with', 'die'
and the infinitive suffix. I am sure that Levitov here was thinking of a
construction like German mitkommen which means 'to come along' ('to
with-come').
I suppose I could say Bitte, sterben Sie mit on the same model as Bitte,
kommen Sie mit ('Come with me/us, please'), thereby making up a verb
mitsterben, but that would mean 'to die together with someone else', not 'to
be with death' . Next, the word order in many 'apostrophized' groups of
words (but note that a word often consists of just one single letter), is
the reverse of that of Germanic.
For instance VIAN 'one way' literally 'way one' is the reverse of Dutch
een weg, German ein Weg, and of course, of English 'one way'. Ditto for WIA
'one who', VA 'one will', KER 'she understands' etc. Admittedly the
inversion of the subject is quite common in German (Ploetzlish dacht ich:
'Suddenly thought I') but it is governed by strict, clear-cut grammatical
rules, conspicuously absent in the two sentences translated on p.31 of the
except from his book upon which I am drawing for these comments."
Applying Levitov's rules for translation:
thanvieth = the one way (th = the (?), an = one, vi = way, eth = it)
faditeth = doing for help (f = for, ad = aid, i = -ing, t = do, eth = it)
wan = person (wi/wa = who, an = one) athviteth = one that one knows (a =
one, th = that, vit = know, eth = it.) (Here, Levitov adds one extra letter,
A, which is not in the text, getting his ATHAVITEH, which provides the
second "one" of his translation) anthviteth= one that knows (an
=one, th = that, vit = know, eth = it) atwiteth = one treats one who does it
(a = one, t = do, wi = who, t = do, eth = it. .
(Literally: "one does [one] who does it". The first
"do" is translated as "treat", the second
"one" is again added by Levitov: he inserts an A, which gives him
ATAWITETH) aneth = ones (an = one, -eth = the plural ending)
Computer analysis of the Voynich Manuscript has only deepened the
mystery. One finding has been that there are two 'languages' or 'dialects'
of Voynichese, which are called Voynich A and Voynich B.
The repetitiousness of the text is obvious to casual inspection. Entropy
is a numerical measure of the randomness of text.
The lower the entropy, the less random and the more repetitious it is.
The entropy of samples of Voynich text is lower than that of most human
languages; only some Polynesian languages are as low."
Tests show that Voynich text does not have its low h2 [second order
entropy] measures solely because of a repetitious underlying text, that is,
one that often repeats the same words and phrases. Tests also show that the
low h2 measures are probably not due to an underlying low-entropy natural
language.
A verbose cipher, one which substitutes several ciphertext characters for
one plaintext character [i.e., 'fuf' for the letter 'f'], can produce the
entropy profile of Voynich text.
A strange sixteenth-century book may be cunningly crafted nonsense, says
a computer scientist. Gordon Rugg has used the techniques of Elizabethan
espionage to recreate the Voynich manuscript, which has stumped
code-breakers and linguists for nearly a century1.
"I've shown that a hoax is a feasible explanation," says Rugg,
who works at Keele University, UK. "Now it's up to believers in a code
to produce evidence to support their ideas." He suspects that English
adventurer Edward Kelley produced the Voynich to con Rudolph II, Holy Roman
Emperor and collector of antiquities, out of a fortune in gold.
The explanation is plausible, but not conclusive, say Voynich scholars.
"It's an excellent piece of work," says Philip Neal, a former
medievalist based in London. "I haven't given up hope that the
manuscript contains meaning, but this makes it less likely."
The Voynich manuscript is often described as the world's most mysterious
book. It is hand-written in a unique alphabet, about 250 pages long, and
contains pictures of unrecognizable flowers, naked nymphs and astrological
symbols.
The manuscript first appeared in the late 1500s, when Rudolph II bought
it in Prague from an unknown seller for 600 ducats - about 3.5 kilograms of
gold, worth more than US$50,000 today. The book passed from Rudolph to
noblemen and scholars, before disappearing in the late 1600s.
It surfaced again around 1912, when US book dealer Wilfrid Voynich bought
it. The manuscript was donated to Yale University after Voynich's death.
No one has worked out whether Voynichese is a code, an idiosyncratic
translation of a known tongue, or gibberish. The text contains some features
that are not seen in any language. The most common words are often repeated
two or three times, for example - the equivalent of English using 'and and
and' - giving weight to the hoax theory.
On the other hand, some aspects, such as the pattern of word lengths and
the ways in which characters and syllables occur with each other, are
similar to real languages. "Many people have believed that it is too
complicated to be a hoax - that it would have taken some mad alchemist years
to get such regularity," says Rugg.
But this complexity could have been produced easily, Rugg demonstrates,
with an encryption device invented around 1550 called a Cardan grille. This
is a table of characters. Moving a piece of card with holes cut in it over
the table makes words. Gaps in the table ensure different-length words.
Using such grilles on table of Voynichese syllables, Rugg has produced a
language with many, although not all, of the manuscript's features. About
three months' work would have been enough to produce the entire book, he
says.
"It's an interesting angle, but it's too early to say whether it's
correct," says Nick Pelling, a computer programmer based in Surbiton,
UK, who also studies cryptography and the Voynich.
To prove that the manuscript is a hoax, one would need to produce entire
sections using this technique, says Pelling. Tweaking the grilles and tables
should make this possible, reckons Rugg.
It seems that the Voynich resists deciphering attempts because its author
knew enough about codes to make the text plausible yet hard to crack.
The book appears to contain cross-referencing, just the kind of thing
that cryptographers look for. The characters of Voynichese are also
ambiguously written, so it is hard to work out how large the alphabet is,
and drawing naked figures makes it impossible to date the text by styles of
dress.
The chief suspect for producing the book is known to have used Cardan
grilles. As well as a cryptographer and inventor of languages, Edward Kelley
was a forger, mystic, alchemist, mercenary and wife-swapper. He travelled to
Prague to meet with Rudolph in 1584, and may have sold him the manuscript
then. Kelley was lost to history after escaping from prison at the end of
the sixteenth century.
"If it's a hoax Kelley is the obvious candidate," says Neal.
But he adds that Rudolph bought many alchemical texts that are far cruder
forgeries than the Voynich manuscript. "Rudolph was easily fooled. If
the Voynich was a hoax by Kelley, it looks a bit like overkill," Neal
says.
In 1912, the antiquarian book dealer Wilfrid M. Voynich bought a
number of mediaeval manuscripts from an undisclosed location in
Europe. Among these was an illustrated manuscript codex of 234
pages, written in an unknown script.
Voynich took the MS to the United States and started a campaign
to have it deciphered. Now, almost 100 years later, the Voynich
manuscript still stands as probably the most elusive puzzle in
the world of cryptography. Not a single word of this 'Most
Mysterious Manuscript', written probably in the second half of the
15th Century, can be understood.
Attached to the manuscript was a letter in Latin dated 1666 from Johannes
Marcus Marci of Kronland, once rector of the Charles University of Prague,
to the learned Jesuit Athanasius Kircher in Rome, offering the manuscript
for decryption and mentioning that it had once been bought by Emperor Rudolf
II of Bohemia (1552-1612) for 600 gold ducats. The letter further mentioned
that it was believed that the author of the MS was Roger Bacon (the
Franciscan friar who lived from 1214 to 1294).
Another early owner of the MS was identified by Voynich when, on the
lower margin of the first folio, under special illumination, the erased
signature of Jacobus de Tepenec was found. Tepenec was one of Rudolf's
private physicians and the director of his botanical gardens and he must
have owned the manuscript between 1608, when he received his title "de
Tepenec", and 1622, when he died. The MS has changed hands sevetal
times, and despite some minor gaps in our knowledge its path from the court
of Rudolf to its final resting place, the Beinecke Rare book library of Yale
University, can be traced fairly accurately.
The MS became famous when, in the 1920's, William Romaine Newbold
proposed a spectacular decipherment with which he meant to prove that it was
indeed written by Roger Bacon, and that Bacon had not only dreamt of, but
actually built microscopes and telescopes. When this 'solution' of the MS
was disproven by John M. Manly in 1931, the MS gradually became a pariah in
world of mediaeval studies. In the 1940's and 1960's the eminent
cryptanalyst William F. Friedman made several valiant attempts at
deciphering the MS, aided by groups of experts, but also he did not find any
solution.
In 1961 the book was acquired by H. P. Kraus (a New York book
antiquarian) for the sum of $24,500. He later valued at $160,000, but unable
to find a buyer he donated it to Yale University. Though officially
registered as MS 408, it is still best known as the Voynich Manuscript.
Copyright René
Zandbergen, 2004
Comments, questions, suggestions? Your feedback is welcome.
Latest update: 2004/10/03
cumque in mea Bibliotheca Sphinx quaedam,
Scripturae incognitorum characterum inutiliter occupasset locum, ...
Ex pictura herbarum, quarum plurimus est in Codice numerus, imaginum
diversarum, Astrorum, aliarumque rerum, faciem chymicorum arcanorum
referentium, conjicio totum esse medicinalem; (1)
When, in 1639, the Prague citizen Georg Baresch wrote to the famous
Jesuit scientist Athanasius Kircher that he owned a mysterious book which
was written in an unknown script and profusely illustrated with pictures of
plants, stars and alchemical secrets, he thought that Kircher would be able
to decipher this book for him. He could not have guessed that not only was
Kircher unable to do this, but that a long row of vastly more expert
codebreakers were equally going to fail. The book has come down to us and
even now, more than 360 years later, not a single word from its 234 pages
can be understood.
Nor was Baresch the first to attempt in vain to read the MS. Before him,
various scientists which the Holy Roman emperor Rudolf II collected at his
court may well have tried their hand.
The book is now known as the Voynich manuscript (MS), after its (re)discoverer
in 1912. The discovery of the MS by Wilfrid Voynich is best told by himself:
In 1912 [...] I came across a most remarkable collection of preciously
illuminated manuscripts. For many decades these volumes had lain buried in
the chests in which I found them in an ancient castle in Southern Europe
where the collection had apparently been stored in consequence of the
disturbed political condition of Europe in the early part of the
nineteenth century.
[...]
While examining the manuscripts, with a view to the acquisition of at
least a part of the collection, my attention was especially drawn by one
volume. It was such an ugly duckling compared with the other manuscripts,
with their rich decorations in gold and colors, that my interest was
aroused at once. I found that it was written entirely in cipher. Even a
necessarily brief examination of of the vellum upon which it was written,
the calligraphy, the drawings and the pigments suggested to me as the
origin the latter part of the thirteenth century. The drawings indicated
it to be an encyclopedic work on natural philosophy.
[...]
the fact that this was a thirteenth century manuscript in cipher
convinced me that it must be a work of exceptional importance, and to my
knowledge the existence of a manuscript of such an early date written
entirely in cipher was unkown, so I included it among the manuscripts
which I purchased from this collection.
[...]
two problems presented themselves - the text must be unravelled and the
history of the manuscript must be traced.
[...]
It was not until some time after the manuscript came into my hands that
I read the document bearing the date 1665 (or 1666) (2)
, which was attached to the front cover.
[...]
This document, which is a letter from Joannes Marcus Marci to
Athanasius Kircher making a gift of the manuscript to him, is of great
significance
[...]
The Prague doctor and scientist Johannes Marcus Marci had been a faithful
correspondent to Athanasius Kircher for over 25 years, and shortly before
his death he sent the MS to Kircher. In the letter (3) he
explains how he had inherited the MS from a close friend, who had tried to
decipher this MS till the very end of his life, and had also asked for
Kircher's help. He further explains that he learned from one 'Dr. Raphael'
how the MS was originally bought by the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II of
Bohemia (1552-1612) for 600 ducats, and that it was believed (at least by
Raphael) that the MS was written by Roger Bacon.
Voynich wanted to have the mysterious manuscript deciphered and provided
photographic copies to a number of experts. However, despite some
spectacular claims, none of the proposed solutions has resulted in an
acceptable and complete translation. In 1961 the book was bought by H. P.
Kraus (a New York book antiquarian) for the sum of $24,500. He later valued
it at $160,000 but was unable to find a buyer. Finally, in 1969 he donated
it to Yale University, where it remains to date at the Beinecke Rare Book
and Manuscript Library with catalogue number MS 408.
What does the manuscript look like?
The Voynich MS is a compact parchment codex of 6 by 9 inches, with 116
vellum leaves, of which 102 remain. Its limp vellum cover is blank: it does
not indicate any title or author. The MS is written in an elegant, but
otherwise unknown script. The text appears to be composed of 'words', and
for a large part of the MS the text seems to be arranged in short
paragraphs. Almost all pages of the MS contain illustrations. Illustrations
of similar nature are grouped together in the MS, and thus one may
tentatively identify the following sections in the MS (based on these
illustrations):
a herbal section, with drawings of plants, most of which are
unidentifiable or even phantasmagorical
an astronomical section, with illustrations of Sun, Moon, stars and
zodiac symbols
a so-called biological section, which contains some bewildering
"anatomical" drawings with small human (feminine) figures
populating systems of tubes transporting liquids
a cosmological section, with mostly circular drawings of an as yet
unexplained nature
a pharmaceutical section, so called because it has drawings of
containers, next to which various small parts of plants (leaves, roots)
have been aligned
a recipes section, which consists of many short paragraphs, each
accompanied by the drawing of a star in the margin
What does the Voynich MS say?
Since the MS has not been translated, nobody knows what it says. It is
assumed that the text relates to the illustrations, but this is not certain.
There have been many suggestions about the historical importance of this MS,
ranging between totally opposite extremes. These include:
early discoveries and inventions by the 13th century friar Roger
Bacon, witten in a very complicated code.
nonsense, written by a medieval italian quack, to impress his
clientele
a rare prayer book from the Cathars, not destroyed by the inquisition,
written in a pidgin version of a Germanic/Romance creole.
meaningless strings of characters, cleverly composed by John Dee
and/or his associate Kelly for monetary gain
This is by no means a complete list! Most of the proposed solutions of
the Voynich MS have been disproved, and the following two fundamental
questions remain unanswered:
Is it plain language, encrypted language, constructed language or
entirely meaningless?
Copyright René
Zandbergen, 2004
Comments, questions, suggestions? Your feedback is welcome.
Latest update: 2004/07/27
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~`
It is difficult to present the multitude of analyses that have been
performed on the Voynich MS text in an orderly fashion. Some analyses
concentrate on the properties and distribution of individual characters,
others on those of words and others again on the combinations of words.
There are also studies that take into account more than one of the above.
Some analyses are more of a qualitative nature while others are more
quantitative, but there is no clear dividing line between the two.
The approach that has been adopted here is to use as the main
classification:
the properties of single characters or combinations of 2 or 3
characters
the structure of words
the properties of words
the properties of combinations of words (lines, paragraphs and more)
but preceding this by an introductory section (this page) which explains the
various techniques that can be applied to each of these. The reader is
reminded that the analysis of the script of the MS is investigated in a previous
section , and another page includes a description of the manuscript transcription
effort.
Character Analysis
This includes:
qualitative observations of the properties of some characters
frequency distribution of single characters
properties of combinations of two or three characters (entropy)
vowel / consonant analysis
Word Analysis
This is split in two parts, in separate sections. The first section treats
the so-called word paradigms, a unique property of the Voynich MS
'language', whereby words appear to be 'molded' following some set rules.
The second section includes:
some qualitative observations of the properties of some words
the question whether spaces in the MS are 'word separators'
frequency distribution of words
application of Zipf's laws
Syntax analysis
This includes:
Currier's 'line as a functional unit'
the search for common word combinations
page cluster analysis based on word statistics
long-range character and word correlations
Following now are some sections describing some key topics in the
analysis of the Voynich MS text.
(The whole analysis section is still quite incomplete.)
The first thing any analyst of the Voynich MS will do is to count and
make frequency tables of single characters, pairs, triplets, etc. and to do
the same with the (apparent) words. When doing this, it appears immediately
that some statistical properties are strongly page-dependent. This was
already noticed by Th. Petersen (who used all pages), but first reported in
detail by Currier (who did not use several parts of the MS for this study).
Currier indicated that the Voynich MS appears to have been written in two
languages, which he called A and B. He was careful to point out that these
are not necessarily different languages, but could be dialects, subject
matter or different encryption, if the MS is indeed written in a code or
cipher. Since Currier also detected two handwriting styles (which he called
1 and 2) and found a perfect correlation: all pages in language A were in
hand 1 and language B was in hand 2, he concluded that the MS had to be the
work of at least two people. In fact he suggested further hands which he
called 3, 4, X and Y, but while everyone essentially agreed to his
identification of languages A and B and hands 1 and 2, the other hands were
not as generally accepted.
Currier presented his findings in detail during a symposium about the
Voynich MS which was held on 30 November 1976 and led by Mary D'Imperio.
Currier's paper has been converted into electronic form, and the complete
file, including all tables, is available in PostScript on a >>
page at Jim Reeds' web site (using Stolfi's mirror).
The main properties of Currier's two languages are:
Final dy is very high in Language 'B',
almost non-existent in Language 'A'
The symbol groups chol and chor
are very high in 'A' and often occur repeated; low in 'B'
The symbol groups chain and chaiin
rarely occur in 'B'; medium frequency in 'A'
Initial chot high in 'A'; rare in 'B'
Initial cTh very high in 'A'; very low
in 'B'
'Unattached' finals scattered throughout language 'B' texts in
considerable profusion; generally much less noticeable in
Language 'A'.
The above shows that the Currier language is evident from criteria based
on single characters, character groups and whole words. A particular feature
of the Currier languages is that, in general, complete bifolios are written
in a single Currier language.
The entropy of the language of the Voynich MS was first studied by
Bennett (1976), and when
he found rather anomalous values for the Voynich MS text, compared with most
European languages (old and new), this became one of the main topics for
subsequent investigations. The meaning of entropy is therefore introduced in
some detail here. Note that this is not a very formal mathematical
introduction, but mainly one aiming at allowing the reader to undertand the
various analyses that use it.
Entropy is a quantity that could be interpreted as amount of 'chaos' or
unpredictability, in the sense that lower values of entropy are equivalent
with higher amounts of order or predictability. If a string of characters
has full predictability, it carries no information. Once one knows the first
character, one can predict all subsequent ones: one knows everything. The
entropy of a piece of text is therefore also a measure of the amount of
information it carries. The entropy values used in the study of the Voynich
MS text are usually expressed in bits (of information).
This is best elaborated using a simple example.
Imagine someone were to create a string of numbers using a die. He would
roll the die, write down the top face number, and repeat this process as
long as he wanted to. The number that appears each time (at each event) is a
piece of information. The amount of information gained is inversely
proportional to the probability of the event. If the die is a perfect 6-face
die, then the probability (p) of throwing a '1' is 1/6. The number of
bits of information (b) gained at this event is the 2-base logarithm
of 1/p, or:
b = - 2log(p)
On average, the number of bits of information gained at the appearance of
each number (which is the entropy, denoted here by a capital H) is
the weighted average for each possible outcome:
H = Sum { p . b } = - Sum { p . 2log(p) }
In our example of a string of text (whether digits or characters)
generated by throwing a perfect 6-face die, the entropy on a
single-character basis is:
Had the die not been perfect, but weighted, the six probabilties would not
have been all equal 1/6, and the resulting entropy value would have been
lower than the above value. (A mathematical proof of this is straightforward
but outside the scope of this page). The die is a bit more predictable (has
a tendency towards the most probable number) and the entropy is lower.
Had the die not had 6 sides but any number N, the maximum entropy
(in case all probabilities are equal) would have equalled 2log ( N ).
The main thing to be remembered from the above is that the entropy is a
value that can be computed for something which can assume a number of
values, and the sum of the probabilities for each of the values is one. One
could use the index i to denote each of the values, and p(i)
the probability that the 'thing' has value i. The formula for the
entropy of this is:
H = - Sum { p(i) . 2log [p(i)] }
For a piece of text, the single-character entropy can be computed using
the probabilities of the occurrence of each of the characters of the
alphabet. For a text written in an alphabet of 26 characters, this entropy
will be less than 2log(26) or 4.xxx, knowing that not all 26 characters will
appear equally frequently.
An important distinction is that the single-character entropy of any
language can only be approximated by performing the above calculation. Apart
from the fact that the entropy will depend on the subject matter and the
writing style of the author, it is clear that texts which are not long
enough will tend not to show the correct probabilities especially for those
characters which occur relatively infrequently.
Entropy can also be computed for words rather than single characters. A
text written in a vocabulary of 10,000 words will have a word entropy less
than 2log(10000) or less than 13.288, depending on the distribution of the
word frequencies. It can furthermore be computed for character pairs. Going
back to the example of throwing the die, there are 36 possibilities for a
pair of throws. The entropy for this (assuming a perfect die) is 2log(36)
which is 2 times 2log(6). It is evident that if the occurrence of the two
consecutive events is independent, the 'pair' entropy equals twice the
'single event' entropy.
In natural language, however, the occurrence of a character in a text is
not independent from what the previous character was. For example, in
English the probability of encountering the character 'u' depends highly on
whether the previous character was a 'q' (in which case the probability is
essentially 1), another 'u' (in which case it would be very close to zero)
or anything else. This introduces the concept of conditional entropy. It can
be shown mathematically that the conditional single-character entropy (the
entropy of the probability distribution of a single character, given that
the preceding one is known) equals the difference between the character pair
(=digraph) entropy and the single character entropy. This conditional
character entropy is less than the 'normal' character entropy.
A final word should be spent on terminology. Single-character entropy is
sometimes called first-order entropy. Character-pair entropy is sometimes
called second-order entropy, while the conditional single-character entropy
is also sometimes called second-order entropy. The values given for these
quantities should remove any doubt about what is meant, since the
conditional second-order entropy is always less than the single-character
entropy, which is always less than the character pair entropy.
Zipf's law (strictly the first Zipf law) concerns the frequency of words
in a piece of text. If one orders the words according to decreasing
frequency, i.e. label the most frequent word as nr.1, the second most
frequent word as nr.2, etc, and then make a plot of the frequency of this
word according to the rank, the result should show a straight line with a
gradient of -1, if both scales are logarithmic.
This general statement requires some elaboration:
This is an empirial law, which is based on observation. The exact
reason why this law applies is not precisely known
This law also applies to other quantities, e.g. the size of cities
(number of inhabitants).
For word frequencies in natural languages, there is a distinct
deviation from Zipf's law, by which the actual curve for the
highest-frequency words tends to flatten, i.e. is below the straight
line.
The straight line in a double-logarithmic scale means that the
probability for the item ranked at nr. i equals:
p(i) = C / i
where C is a constant depending on the number of items N, and
it is defined by the fact that the sum of all probabilities has to equal 1.
Thus, if a quantity can assume a well-defined number of values, and it
strictly obeys Zipf's law, its entropy can be predicted exactly.
Following is a table which illustrates this. The first column gives the
number of possible values. The second gives the maximum entropy, if all
probabilities are equal. The third column gives the entropy if the quantity
exactly obeys Zipf's law. For example, the value 26 represents the number of
letters in the (Latin) alphabet. If they are all equally frequent (which
they are not), the character entropy would equal 4.700. If they exactly
followed Zipf's law (which is also not true, but certainly closer to the
truth), the character entropy would equal 3.929. The table has been set up
for reasonable values of alphabet size, number of digraphs and number of
words in a text.
Cluster analyses have been applied in order to find out more about the
Currier languages. Typically, this method requires that for each page of the
MS a quantitative attribute is found for each page, consisting of a number,
or rather a set of numbers. Next, it requires the definition of a 'distance'
function which takes any pair of attributes and computes a distance value
which should be low if the attributes are similar and high if they are
dissimilar. Such quantitative values and their distances can be based on
single characters, digraphs or words.
The most difficult task is then to decide, on the basis of the square
matrix of distance values, which pages are similar (e.g. written in the same
language) and which are not.
Copyright René
Zandbergen, 2002
Comments, questions, suggestions? Your feedback is welcome.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~``
The Voynich Manuscript
John Baez
January 30, 2005
The Voynich manuscript is the most mysterious of all texts. It is seven by
ten inches in size, and about 200 pages long. It is made of soft,
light-brown vellum. It is written in a flowing cursive script in alphabet
that has never been seen elsewhere. Nobody knows what it means. During World
War II some of the top military code-breakers in America tried to decipher
it, but failed. A professor at the University of Pennsylvania seems to have
gone insane trying to figure it out. Though the manuscript was found in
Italy, statistical analyses show the text is completely different in
character from any European language. Here's a sample page:
It contains pictures of various things, including plants, stars...
... and most strangely of all, nude maidens bathing in what looks like
some very elaborate plumbing:
An interesting puzzle, no? Let me tell you a bit more about it.
Its recent history
It seems that in 1912, the book collector Wilfrid M. Voynich found this
manuscript in a chest in the Jesuit College at the Villa Mondragone, in
Frascati. He bought it from the Jesuits, and gave photographic copies to a
number of experts to have it deciphered. None of them succeeded. In 1961, he
sold it to a rare book expert in New York named H. P. Kraus for the price of
$24,500. Kraus later tried to sell it for $160,000, but could not find a
buyer. In 1969, he donated it to Yale University. It is now in the Beinecke
Rare Book Library at Yale, with catalogue number MS 408. You can see a
picture of it at their website.
They say it's attributed to Roger Bacon... and indeed, that's one theory,
but most experts don't believe this. The story of the Voynich is long and
complicated.
Its earlier history
When Voynich found the manuscript, there was a letter in it!
The letter was written by Johannes Marcus Marci of Cronland, and
addressed to Athanasius Kircher. It is dated 1666. It says that the
manuscript was bought by Emperor Rudolph II for the princely sum of 600
ducats. In flattering language, Marci asks Kircher to attempt to decipher
the manuscript. He mentions Roger Bacon as a possible author, although there
is no clear evidence for this.
If you don't know these figures, you probably don't realize how
interesting this is. Who are these guys, anyway?
Rudolph II (1552-1612) was an emperor of the Holy Roman Empire - which by
that time was neither holy, Roman, nor even much of an empire. He moved the
imperial court from Vienna to a castle in Prague, in what was then Bohemia.
He buried himself in esoteric studies: alchemy, astrology... magico-scientific
disciplines of all sorts. Prague became a center for everyone interested in
such matters: the infamous British magician John Dee and his henchman Edward
Kelley, the monk Giordano Bruno (later burned at the stake for heresy), and
even a pair of astrologers by the names of Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler.
Rudolph II kept a room of curiosities, the Kunstkammer, full of
alchemical manuscripts, rhinoceros horns, exotic minerals, scientific
instruments, and the like.
In short: the perfect person to buy something like the Voynich
Manuscript!
Athanasius Kircher (~1601 - 1680) was one of the most learned men of his
day. He developed an instrument for measuring the magnetic force of the
earth, a device for measuring wind speeds, and he designed and built
sundials. He studied earthquakes and volcanos. He was an expert on oriental
languages, and translated the Emerald Tablet of Hermes, an Arabic
alchemical work, into Latin. He also wrote some very popular books on
Egyptian antiquities and hieroglyphs. He was the first to correctly
conjecture that Coptic was derived from ancient Egyptian. He even received a
large gift from the Pope for translating the hieroglyphs on an Egyptian
obelisk! When the Rosetta stone was found, quite a bit later, this
translation was found to be completely inaccurate. However, during his
lifetime he had a reputation for being able to read any text.
In short: the perfect person to decode the Voynich Manuscript!
Roger Bacon (1214-1294) was a Franciscan friar and an early advocate of
the experimental method. He worked on optics, and at the request of Pope
Clement IV he wrote a series of books which amounted to an encyclopedia of
science. He also worked on alchemy. He kept much of his work secret from his
fellow Franciscans, but nonetheless, in 1278 they imprisoned him on the
charge of "suspected novelties" in his teaching. In his Letter
on the Secret Works of Art and the Nullity of Magic, he wrote "The
man is insane who writes a secret in any other way than one which will
conceal it from the vulgar and make it intelligible only with difficulty
even to scientific men and earnest students.... Certain persons have
achieved concealment by means of letters not then used by their own race or
others but arbitrarily invented by themselves."
In short: the perfect person to have written the Voynich Manuscript!
But the story is not so simple....
(To be continued.)
References
The best books to read on the Voynich manuscript are these:
Mary E. D'Imperio, The Voynich Manuscript: An Elegant Enigma,
National Security Agency, Fort George G. Meade, Maryland, 1978.
Reprinted by Aegean
Park Press, Laguna Hills, California, c. 1980.
Robert S. Brumbaugh, The World's Most Mysterious Manuscript,
Weidenfeld and Nicholson, London, 1977. Also Southern Illinois
University Press, Carbondale, 1978. (This seems to be out of print.)
Gary Kennedy and Rob Churchill, The Voynich Manuscript, Orion
Press, 2004.
There are also some excellent websites:
Jorge Stolfi's
Voynich page. Right now this is the master site that takes you
to all other Voynich websites!
The Voynich Manuscript Mailing
List Headquarters. Run by Jim Gillogly, this has archives of the
mailing list where experts discuss the Voynich manuscript - and
information on how to subscribe!
Jim Reeds' Voynich page.
This contains a lot of information - in particular, a detailed Voynich
bibliography. Both of these are essential reading for the would-be
Voynichologist
Jim
Gillogly's Voynich ftp site. This contains a transcription by
Mary Imperio of a large part of the manuscript, Voynich fonts for the
PC, and much much more. (Jim Gillogly's ftp site is now defunct, so
these links actually take you to Jorge Stolfi's mirror site. There's a
lot of turnover in these Voynich sites, because nobody can afford to
pursue Voynichology as a full-time occupation.)
The
actual Voynich manuscript. To see the actual thing, you have to
go to the Beinecke rare book and manuscript library at Yale; this
website gives information on how to do it. You can also purchase a
photocopy of the manuscript from them! I have one. It's not very high
quality, but it's certainly worth having. Yale doesn't make it terribly
easy, but you can see information on purchasing photocopies from their
website.
Within that awful volume lies the mystery of mysteries! - Sir
Walter Scott
Text
retouching: [15 jul 04] [updated 22 jul 04] The text on
page f1r shows clear evidence of extensive retouching -- and that may hold
for many other pages as well.
The
weirdos of f1r: [26 feb 02] [updated 03 mar 2002] Two big red
symbols on page f1r are seen from a different angle.
Chinese
Theory redux!: [18 jan 02] The Voynichese word length distribution
is surprisingly similar to that of Vietnamese and other East Asian
languages.
On
the VMS Word Length Distribution: [23 dec 00] The distribution of
word lengths in the VMS lexicon is quite peculiar, and fits a
surprisingigly simple formula.
Special
words: [07 feb 98] [rebuilt 10 jul 00] A word-by-word colorized
edition of the Vms electronic text (a "best pick" of the Reeds/Landini
interlinear file, converted to EVA and slightly corrected). Each Vms page
is presented as a separate HTML page. Color is used to highlight
"special" words that occur on the page much more often than
expected by chance.
Landini's
interlinear in EVA, version 16e6: [28 Dec 98] here you can get the
interlinear file (interln16.evt) started by Gabriel Landini and Jim Reeds,
converted by me to the EVA
alphabet, and augmented by John Grove and myself. This new version
includes Takeshi Takahashi's new, nearly complete
transcription, and is now fully synchronized
for your convenience and profit.
The
"michiton" text: [07 Nov 98] A pencil rendering of the
text on page f116v (the "michiton oladabas" page), for those who
haven't got a better reproduction.
Where
are the bits? [redone 13 Jul 98][12 Jul 98] Colorized pages of
various texts in various languages, including even some VMs pages, that
show how much each letter contributes to the conditional entropy hk.
Page
scatter plots: [03 Jul 98] based on page-by-page frequencies of
words and OKOKOKO elements. Shows conspicuous clustering of the pages into
sections, and the relationship between sections.
Enhanced
text images: [29 mar 98] Images of Voynichese text, clipped from
Jacques Guy's gallery, with enhanced contrast and EVA transcription.
Includes all pages posted in GIF form by Ron Carter to this date.
The
Name of the Sunflower: [27 jan 98] An attempt to identify the
names of plants by their patterns of occurrence in the herbal pages. Also
some colorized
Voynich text showing intriguing patterns.
The
sunflower story: [17 jan 98] Detailed comparison of real
sunflowers (and other related plants), with the thing on page
f33v.
Beer
bellies: [17 jan 98] A "proof by example" that the
prominent tummies seen in some of the "Nymphs" do not mean they
are pregnant.
Word
occurence maps in EVA: [30 Dec 97] A set of tables showing where
each word or phrase occurs in the text. These maps are somewhat similar to
my label
occurrence maps of [23 Oct 97], but differenet in several key details:
they use EVA, pay attention to word spaces, and list most of the words and
phrases in the Vms (not just labels).
The Generalized
Chinese Theory: [24 Nov 97] I think my recent prefix-midfix-suffix
analysis of Voynich words justifies having a second look at Jacques
Guy's "Chinese" theory. (This is an update of my note of [21 Nov
97].)
Plots
of A×B counts for word components: [22 Nov 97] Inspired by G.Landini's
paper, I made some plots
comparing the frequencies of prefixes, midfixes, and suffixes in Currier
languages A and B. The page also includes plots of unifixes (all-soft
words), and word tails (midfix-suffix combinations).
Plots
of Rayman's character counts: [20 Nov 97] At Rene's suggestion, I
plotted Rayman's counts of distinct characters per page, for each page in
the herbal section.
Comparing
languages A and B at the sub-word level: [12 Nov 97] This note
compares Currier's "language A" and "language B"
subsets of the "herbal" section, in terms of the prefix-midfix-suffix
paradigm (below).
The
prefix-midfix-suffix paradigm: [12 Nov 97] This note describes a
simple but surprisingly effective lexical paradigm for the structure of
Voynich "words". If we divide the EVA letters in two sets,
"soft" and "hard", we can parse almost every word as
either a string of "soft" letters, or a single string of
"hard" letters with a soft prefix and a soft suffix; and each
component seems to be drawn from a rather small repertoire.
Label
occurrence maps: [23 Oct 97] Here you will find a set of maps and
tables showing how the occurrences and near-occurrences of figure labels
are distributed in the running text, across the whole manuscript. (This is
a much bigger but disjoint version of the f77v label search mentioned
below.) [Largely superseded by the VMS
word grammar]
Top-down
structural analysis of the Vms: [06 Oct 97] Here is the beginning
of a top-down analysis of the Voynich manuscript, focusing mainly on the
book itself (as opposed to the historical context and possible
authorship). Comments and contributions are desperately welcome...
References
to f77v labels in the biological text: [11 Sep 97] The figures on
page f77v have labels; I have checked whether those labels occur in the
main text of the biological section, with weakly positive results.
The
Oresme manuscripts: [07 Sep 97] Here you will find a few samples
of 14th century "technical" manuscripts, in abbreviated Latin,
with expanded transcriptions and translations. Athough not directly
related to the Voynich manuscript, they provide some context as to the use
of abbreviation, handwriting styles, scribal variations, etc..
Word
pair table [10 Aug 97] Here you will find a table with counts of
the occurrences of each pair of consecutive words in the Biological
section.
What is old in here?
[01 Aug 97] I once posted a prefix-suffix
decomposition for most of the words in the Biological section, using
an "error forgiving" alphabet. This item is now obsolete in view
of the prefix-midfix-suffix
decomposition listed above.
What data am I using?
Practically all my analysis has been based on G.
Landini's interlinear compilation of several existing machine
transcriptions. Jim
Reeds deserves the credit for having edited most of those transcriptions
and made them available to the public.
What software am I using?
I have been using standard Unix and GNU tools (grep, gawk,
sed, tr, sort, uniq,
etc.). I use the C-shell (csh) from within Stallman's Gnu
Emacs editor; its "rectangle editing" features are wonderful for
rearranging and reformatting the output tables.
When I run some program, I usually record the shell command together with
its output and other comments, in a "notebook" file. Besides being
good "scientific" (ahem!) practice, the notebook file makes it
trivial to re-run the program later on different data, or afer improving the
scripts. You may browse my notebooks, old
and new, if
you like, but be warned---many of the things recorded there are bogus, dead
ends, or just plain stupid. In the new
notebboks you will also find many of the (Unix) scripts that I have
used. Usage instructions are often included as comments at the beginning of
each script.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Voynich Manuscript
Mailing List HQ
This is the headquarters site for VMs-list, the primary mailing list
for scholars attempting to read the enigmatic Voynich Manuscript. The list
was started in 1991 by Jim Gillogly (then of the RAND Corporation) and Jim
Reeds (then of Bell Labs), and it moved here to voynich.net in December
2002. It is managed by the Majordomo program, which allows you to subscribe
and unsubscribe yourself. Send mail to the list administrator, Jim
Gillogly, if you need help with the directions.
The tone of the group has been
astonishingly civil and mostly scholarly for the thirteen years of
the mailing list's existence, despite differences in background
(cryptographers, linguists, botanists, astronomers, paleographers,
medievalists, historians, astrologers and even a few crackpots --
no, of course I don't mean you); and differences in approach,
including half a dozen competing methods of transcribing the Voynich
characters.
Jim Reeds has written an introduction
to the study of the Voynich Ms. Some images from the Voynich Ms.
published by the Beinecke Library on their website are mirrored here.
Mysteries surrounding the Voynich Manuscript have puzzled
researchers since the earliest surviving report in the seventeenth
century: we have no clear idea of its date, its author, its
provenance, the meaning of its script, or even the meaning of its
drawings. The first known owner was the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II
(1552-1612), who bought it from an unknown seller for 600 ducats.
The author of the manuscript was then thought to have been the
13th-century monk and scholar Roger Bacon (1214?-1294?), but this
attribution now appears to be much too early.
Having passed from Rudolf II's hands through those of nobleman Jacobus
Horcicky de Tepenec, alchemist Georg Baresch, professor Johannes Marcus
Marci and scholar Athanasius Kircher S.J. (1602-1680), it may have been
filed and forgotten amongst Kircher's papers. It finally surfaced in a
collection purchased by book dealer Wilfrid Voynich in about 1912. After his
death and the death of his wife, author Ethel (Boole) Voynich, it passed to
Wilfrid Voynich's secretary and Ethel Voynich's friend Miss Anne M. Nill,
who eventually sold it to rare book dealer Hans P. Kraus. Having failed to
sell it for his asking price of $160,000 Kraus donated the Voynich Ms. to
Yale University, where it currently resides in the Beinecke
Library as MS
408.
During his lifetime Voynich was coy
about the provenance of the manuscript, but after his death and that
of his widow, Miss Nill revealed that according to a letter from
Ethel the manuscript had been found at the Villa Mondragone, an
estate near Frascati, Italy which had been bought by the Jesuit
Order in 1866 and turned into the international headquarters of the
Ghisleri College, and later converted to a boarding school. In
December 2002 Wilfrid Gaye of Sussex called this provenance into
question based on documentary evidence from his mother Winifred, the
adopted daughter of Wilfrid and Ethel Voynich, but on further
checking he found the evidence refers to "a manuscript"
rather than specifically identifying this one.
A more detailed account of the history of the Voynich Ms. may be found at
Rene Zandbergen's site.
Rafal Prinke has developed a graphical timeline of its ownership
and related chronology.
The small (16 by 23 cm) manuscript consists of 102 vellum leaves
including several fold-outs, copiously illustrated with water colors. The
manuscript was bound and numbered, probably by a later hand than the
author's. Fourteen of the numbered leaves are missing; comparing Newbold's
careful catalog with Kraus's shows at least six of these disappeared since
Voynich obtained the manuscript. No scientific analysis or dating has been
reported for the ink, vellum or water colors: although an important
signature was found by chance with infra-red light and made legible with
chemicals, no concerted effort has been reported to inspect the rest of the
manuscript with special lighting or methods.
The text is written in a neat and
clear script which has defied attempts at interpretation by some of
the best cryptographic minds available including Athanasius Kircher;
noted cryptologist Brig. John Tiltman, head of the British
codebreaking establishment at Bletchley Park during World War II;
and William F. Friedman, the famous American codebreaker who turned
cryptanalysis into a science and led the team that broke the
Japanese Purple cipher machine
A MHonArc-produced archive
for 2000-2005 is available. This is a stopgap archiving operation until list
member Nick Pelling has evaluated alternatives that scale well and offer
good search capabilities, but for now, since Google is spidering the entire
collection frequently we can use it to do our indexing for us. The eventual
goal is to have all archives from 1991 on in a searchable database.
Please send suggestions regarding this web page to webmaster@voynich.net.
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Voynich Manuscript
Warning: This page is under construction and is always out of
date, only occasionally updated. Many of the files referred to in
these pages are stored in .Z compressed form, and might not be directly
viewable with your Web browser.
So much has already been written about the Voynich Manuscript (or
``VMS,'' for short) that I will keep this brief. The executive summary:
The mysterious VMS is still unread.
Printed information sources
These sources contain the highlights; their bibliographies point to more
than you will ever want to know.
Newbold, William Romaine. The Cipher of Roger Bacon. Edited
with foreword and notes by Roland Grubb Kent. Philadelphia: University
of Pennsylvania Press, 1928.
Brumbaugh, Robert S. The World's Most Mysterious Manuscript. Carbondale:
Southern Illinois University Press, 1978. London: Weidenfeld and
Nicholson, 1977.
D'Imperio, M. E. The Voynich Manuscript: An Elegant Enigma. Fort
George G. Meade, Maryland: National Security Agency, 1978. (Reprinted by
Aegean Park Press, Laguna Hills, California, c. 1980.)
D'Imperio, M. E., editor. New Research on the Voynich Manuscript:
Proceedings of a Seminar, 30 November 1976. Privately printed
pamphlet, Washington, D.C., 1976.
Jacques Guy. ``Statistical Properties of Two Folios of the Voynich
Manuscript.'' Cryptologia XV 1991.
Jim Reeds. ``William F. Friedman's Transcription of the Voynich
Manuscript.'' Cryptologia XIX 1995. (A Postscript draft
is available, also in
PDF form. )
I am compiling a bibliography
of VMS references more recent than those found in D'Imperio or Brumbaugh. If
you know of any, please let me know by email.
Location of VMS; photographic copies
The VMS lives in New Haven, Connecticut, in Yale University's Beinecke
Rare Book Room and Library, under the name of MS 408. The Yale web site
often has VMS images available, but the details of where they are kept and
how to acces them changes often. Currently, a "Free text search"
for "Voynich" and "408" works on this web
page. Another Yale page
of VMS images. Photocopies are available from Yale:
A B&W microfilm of the VMS costs about $40.
A wretched Xerox print of the microfilm costs about $40.
Higher quality, higher priced glossy photographs and slides can be
made to order.
I have prepared a checklist
of all printed VMS images you are likely to find in print.
Electronic information sources
Jim Gillogly maintained a publicly accessible collection of Voynich
information, much of it taken from the Voynich mailing list's traffic. A
copy of that information (accurate as of 17 Jan 1997) is obtainable here.
There is the European VMS Transcription project web
site.
There is a very informal VMS electronic mailing list, voynich@rand.org,
run by Jim Gillogly, founded on 5 December 1991, with a fluctuating
level of activity; a must for anyone with an abiding interest in the VMS. To
enroll in the list, check here.
There is an archive of old
mailing list traffic up through the end of 2001.
One member, Robert Firth, has been posting an occasional numbered series
of notes summarizing his thinking about the VMS.
Progress
What progress has been made since D'Imperio's book?
There is a Postscript Type 1 font
(by J. S. Porter; see the test
sheet) and a Postscript Type 3 font
(by myself) for setting Voynich script. Bruce Grant has prepared a Metafont
Voynich font; Martin McCarthy has made his own version of this font
available via WEB and
via FTP.
Various transcriptions (using some conventional transcription
alphabet) have been located; some modest further transcription work has
been carried out:
Petersen's hand transcription (made in the late 1930's) has been
photocopied and distributed
Currier's partial
transcription has been widely distributed; a somewhat corrected and
enlarged revised
version has been made by members of the Voynich mailing list.
J. H. Tiltman's transcription
of a few pages, made in 1951, also uses the FSG transcription
alphabet.
There is the partial Second Study Group (SSG) transcription
made by Friedman and friends in the early 1960's.
G. Landini and R. Zandbergen are currently engaged in a long-term EVMT
(European Voynich Manuscript Transcription) project which attempts to
merge and rectify all previous transcriptions, proofread against
Petersen's transcription. The current state of their work, together with
detailed explanations of the project, can be found at the EVMT
web site.
The physical layout
of the folios, the way the fold out pages work, how the folios pair up
into bifolia and nest to form quires,
etc, has been clarified.
Currier's discovery of
two handwriting styles with corresponding textual statistical differences
has been popularized and verified.
And public awareness of the VMS has been furthered, as evidenced by the
proliferation of VMS web pages and by the appearance of the VMS in works of
fiction, for instance, in a recent Indiana Jones novel.
Remaining problems
We lack a good photocopy of the VMS. Maybe Yale will allow someone to
prepare a CD-ROM edition.
A high-tech physical and chemical examination of the vellum, of the inks,
etc, has not been done, in part because it is not at all clear what
questions might be answered by such means.
We lack a clear agreement on the character set of the VMS. On the one
hand we have Guy's highly analytic Frogguy
transcription alphabet with about 20 symbols, and on the other we
have Currier's alphabet with 36, augmented by my list of 50 or 100 rarely
occurring ``weirdo'' symbols. What is represented by one weirdo symbol might
be represented by the 3 or 4 Frogguy symbols it is analyzed into. The right
choice for transcription alphabet is at some unknown place on this
analytic/synthetic continuum.
We lack a reliable transcription, in part because it is hard to proofread
a transcription from a poor photocopy, and in part because of our
uncertainty about the transcription alphabet.
We also lack decisive tests for distinguishing between nonsense babble,
crafty cipher, and language.
And we lack a precise intellectual context in which to place the VMS.
Who are the Friends of the Voynich Manuscript?
Here are some of the living experts on the Voynich MS who are not members of
the electronic mailing list:
William Bennett, professor of applied physics at Yale
M. E. D'Imperio, author of one of the best books on the subject
J. P. Krischer, author of an important early paper on the VMS
David Kahn, honorary member because of the excellence of his book
And here are some of the more visible members of the electronic mailing
list:
John Baez, honorary founding member, but now inactive
Robert Firth
Jim Gillogly
Bruce Grant
Jacques Guy
Gabriel Landini
Jim Reeds
Michael Roe
Rene Zandbergen
Voynich files
Here is an unsystematic list of various VMS-related files on this site:
1609.txt
Main First Study Group VMS transcription, item 1609 in Friedman
Collection in Marshall Library.
1613.txt
A few pages of subsidiary FSG transcription, item 1613 in the Friedman
Collection.
SSG.txt
Main Second Study Group VMS transcription, item 1609.4 in Friedman
Collection in Marshall Library.
22r.ps
Bulky interlinear version of f22r of Petersen hand transcription and FSG
transcription.
4v.ps
Bulky interlinear version of f4v of Petersen hand transcription and FSG
transcription.
51r.ps
Bulky interlinear version of f51r of Petersen hand transcription and FSG
transcription.
78v.ps
Bulky interlinear version of f78r of Petersen hand transcription and FSG
transcription.
The old BIG.txt, BIG2.txt, and BIG3.txt transcripts of old mailing
list traffic have been removed. Click here
instead.
These pages were created two years ago, when site maintainance at
Geocities was... awkward, and connections were sloooow. And one had only
3Meg of space. So I gave up in September 1998. I don't even think you could
use directories and subdirectories back then.
So, this whole site is being restructured, even it is does not look any
different yet. More pictures of the Voynich manuscript soon (the
pharmaceutical section).
For light refreshments and fun, you ought to visit "Language
Made Silly" by Metalleus
(a.k.a. Kenneth Miner) and Frogguy
(a.k.a. Jacques Guy).
The intelligent reader will judge for himself.
Without examining the facts fully and fairly, there is no
way of knowing whether vox populi is really vox dei, or
merely vox asinorum.
Cyrus H. Gordon
Introduction
The Voynich Manuscript is considered to be 'The
Most Mysterious Manuscript in the World'. To this
day this medieval artifact resists all efforts at
translation.
It is either an ingenious hoax or an unbreakable
cipher.
The manuscript is named after its discoverer, the
American antique book dealer and collector, Wilfrid
M. Voynich, who discovered it in 1912, amongst a
collection of ancient manuscripts kept in villa
Mondragone in Frascati, near Rome, which had been by
then turned into a Jesuit College (closed in 1953).
The Voynich Manuscript is a
cipher manuscript, sometimes attributed to Roger Bacon.
Scientific text in an unidentified language, in cipher,
possibly written in central Europe in the 15th century.
Based on the evidence of the calligraphy, the drawings,
the vellum, and the pigments, Wilfrid Voynich estimated that
the Manuscript was created in the late 13th century. The
manuscript is small, seven by ten inches, but thick, nearly
235 pages. It is written in an unknown script of which there
is no known other instance in the world. It is abundantly
illustrated with awkward coloured drawings of:
unidentified plants;
what seems to be herbal recipes;
tiny naked women frolicking in bathtubs connected by
intricate plumbing looking more like anatomical parts
than hydraulic contraptions;
mysterious charts in which some have seem astronomical
objects seen through a telescope, some live cells seen
through a microscope;
charts into which you may see a strange calendar of
zodiacal signs, populated by tiny naked people in
rubbish bins.
No one really knows the origins of the manuscript. The
experts believe it is European They believe it was
written between the 15th and 17th centuries.
From a piece of paper which was once attached to the
Voynich manuscript, and which is now stored in one of the
boxes belonging with the Voynich manuscript holdings of the
Beinecke library, it is known that the manuscript once
formed part of the private library of Petrus Beckx S.J.,
22nd general of the Society of Jesus.
A sample of untranslatable text
from the Voynich manuscript
There is no other example of the language in which the
manual is written.
It is an alphabetic script, but of an alphabet variously
reckoned to have from nineteen to twenty-eight letters, none
of which bear any relationship to any English or European
letter system. The text has no apparent corrections. There
is evidence for two different "languages"
(investigated by Currier and D'Imperio) and more than one
scribe, probably indicating an ambiguous coding scheme.
The VM is written in a language
of which no other example is known to exist. It is an
alphabetic script, but of an alphabet variously reckoned to
have from nineteen to twenty-eight letters, none of which
bear any relationship to any English or European letter
system.
Apparently, Voynich wanted to have the mysterious
manuscript deciphered and provided photographic copies to a
number of experts. However, despite the efforts of many well
known cryptologists and scholars, the book remains unread.
There are some claims of decipherment, but to date, none of
these can be substantiated with a complete translation.
The book was bought by H. P. Kraus (a New York book
antiquarian) in 1961 for the sum of $24,500. He later valued
it at $160,000 but was unable to find a buyer. Finally he
donated it to Yale University in 1969, where it remains to
date at the Beinecke Rare Book Library with catalogue number
MS 408.
It is known from a letter of Johannes Marcus Marci,
rector of the University of Prague, to Athanasius Kircher, a
Jesuit scholar, dated 1666, that the manuscript was bought
by Emperor Rudolph II of Bohemia (1552-1612).
REVEREND AND DISTINGUISHED SIR, FATHER IN
CHRIST:
This book, bequeathed to me by an intimate
friend, I destined for you, my very dear Athanasius, as soon
as it came into my possession, for I was convinced it could
be read by no one except yourself.
The former owner of this book asked your opinion by letter,
copying and sending you a portion of the book from which he
believed you would be able to read the remainder, but he at
that time refused to send the book itself.
To its
deciphering he devoted
unflagging toil, as is apparent from attempts of his which I
send you herewith, and he relinquished hope only with his
life. But his toil was in vain, for such Sphinxes as these
obey no one but their master, Kircher. Accept now this
token, such as it is and long
overdue though it be, of my affection for you, and burst
through its bars, if there are any, with your wonted
success.
Dr. Raphael, tutor in the Bohemian language to Ferdinand
Ill, then King of Bohemia, told me the said book had
belonged to the Emperor Rudolph and that he presented to the
bearer who brought him the book 600 ducats. He believed the
author was Roger
Bacon, the Englishman. On this point I suspend judgment; it
is your place to define for us what view we should take
thereon, to whose favor and kindness I unreservedly commit
myself and remain,
At the command of your Reverence,
JOANNES MARCUS MARCI,
of Cronland.
PRAGUE, 19th August, 1665 (or I666).
Historically, it first appears in 1586 at the court of
Rudolph II of Bohemia, who was one of the most eccentric
European monarchs of that or any other period. Rudolph
collected dwarfs and had a regiment of giants in his army.
He was surrounded by astrologers, and he was fascinated by
games and codes and music. He was typical of the
occult-oriented, Protestant noblemen of this period and
epitomized the liberated northern European prince. He was a
patron of alchemy and supported the printing of alchemical
literature.
The Rosicrucian conspiracy was being quietly fomented
during this same period. To Rudolph's court came an unknown
person who sold this manuscript to the king for three
hundred gold ducats, which, translated into modern monetary
units, is about fourteen thousand dollars. This is an
astonishing amount of money to have paid for a manuscript at
that time, which indicated that the Emperor must have been
highly impressed by it.
Accompanying the manuscript was a letter that stated that
it was the work of the Englishman Roger Bacon, who
flourished in the thirteenth century and who was a noted
pre-Copernican astronomer. Only two years before the
appearance of the Voynich Manuscript, John Dee, the great
English navigator, astrologer, magician, intelligence agent,
and occultist had lectured in Prague on Bacon.
The manuscript somehow passed to Jacobus de Tepenecz, the
director of Rudolph's botanical gardens (his signature is
present in folio 1r) and it is speculated that this must
have happened after 1608, when Jacobus Horcicki received his
title 'de Tepenecz'.Thus 1608 is the earliest definite
date for the Manuscript.
Codes from the early sixteenth century onward in Europe
were all derived from The Stenographica of Johannes
Trethemius, Bishop of Sponheim, an alchemist who wrote on
the encripherment of secret messages. He had a limited
number of methods, and no military, alchemical, religious,
or political code was composed by any other means throughout
a period that lasted well into the seventeenth century. Yet
the Voynich Manuscript does not appear to have any
relationship to the codes derivative of Johannes Trethemius
of Sponheim.
In 1622 and the manuscript passed to the possession of an
unidentified individual that left the book in his/her will
to Marci. Marci must have known about this manuscript before
1644, as the information concerning the price that the
Emperor paid came from Dr. Raphael Missowski (1580-1644) (as
mentioned in his letter).
Marci sent the manuscript immediately with the letter to
Athanasius Kircher (a Jesuit priest and scholar in Rome) in
1666 who apparently also knew of it and had exchanged
letters and transcribed portions with the previous
unidentified owner. Between that time and 1912 (when Voynich
discovered it) it is speculated that the manuscript may have
been stored or forgotten in some library and finally moved
to the Jesuit College at the Villa Mondragone. Marci's
letter to Kircher was still attached to the manuscript when
Voynich bought it. In that letter, Marci mentioned the name
of Roger Bacon (1214-1292) as a possible author, although no
conclusive evidence of authorship is available. A possible
link between Rudolph and Bacon is John Dee (an English
mathematician and astrologer, collector of Bacon's work) who
visited Rudolph's court in 1582-86.
Parts of the Manuscript
The Voynich Manuscript is about 6 by 9inches. Some
believe it to be a book about alchemy. It contains the
equivalent of 246 quarto pages, but may have originally
contained not less than 262 pages.
There are 212 with text and drawings, 33 pages contain text
only, and the last page contains the Key. The text is
written in an enciphered script, and the drawings are
colored in red, blue, brown, yellow, and green.
The contents of the Manuscript are divided up into
5categories:
The first and largest section contains 130 pages of
plant drawings with accompanying text, and is called the
Botanical division.
The second contains 26 pages of drawings, obviously
astrological and astronomical in nature.
The third section contains 4 pages of text and 28
drawings, which would appear to be biological in
nature.
The fourth division contains 34 pages of drawings,
which are pharmaceutical in nature.
The last section of the Manuscript contains 23pages of
text arranged in short paragraphs, each beginning
with a star. The last page (the 24th of this
division) contains the Key only.
To this day the Voynich Manuscript resists all efforts at
translation. It is either an ingenious hoax or an
unbreakable cipher. The contents and origin of the
manuscript have been a matter of continuous and stimulating
debate. To name some of the possibilities that have been
discussed in the Voynich mailing list forum (modified from a
posting by Karl Kluge):
In analytic terms, there are a few particularities worth
noting:
The 2nd order entropy is too low for an
European language using a simple substitution cipher.
The text follows roughly the 1st and 2nd
Zipf's laws of word frequencies.
The word length distribution is different from Latin
(words tend to be shorter than Latin words).
Correlation analysis seems to indicate that the spaces
are indeed separating "words" as in a natural
language.
There is some evidence for two different
"languages" or dialects (investigated by
Currier and D'Imperio) and perhaps more than one scribe,
probably indicating an ambiguous coding scheme.
The text has very few apparent corrections.
The structure of words is extremely rigid.
There are many words repetitions (up to 3 times!)
Some characters in the "key-like sequences"
do not appear anywhere else in the manuscript.
Computer analysis of the Voynich Manuscript
has only deepened the mystery. One finding has been that
there are two 'languages' or 'dialects' of Voynichese, which
are called Voynich A and Voynich B. The repetitiousness of
the text is obvious to casual inspection. Entropy is a
numerical measure of the randomness of text. The lower the
entropy, the less random and the more repetitious it is. The
entropy of samples of Voynich text is lower than that of
most human languages; only some Polynesian languages are as
low." "Tests show that Voynich text does not have
its low h2 [second order entropy] measures solely because of
a repetitious underlying text, that is, one that often
repeats the same words and phrases. Tests also show that the
low h2 measures are probably not due to an underlying
low-entropy natural language. A verbose cipher, one which
substitutes several ciphertext characters for one plaintext
character [i.e., 'fuf' for the letter 'f'], can produce the
entropy profile of Voynich text." - Dennis Stallings
When the manuscript was first shown to expert
cryptologists, they thought that solving it would be easy as
the text was composed of "words", some of which
were more frequent and occurred in certain combinations
(Kahn, 1967). This soon turned out to be a mistake; the text
could not easily be converted into Latin, English, German or
a host of other languages which might possible be at the
base of this document.
A first "solution" was announced in 1919, by
William Romaine Newbold (Newbold, 1921), who caused a
sensation by claiming that the manuscript did indeed contain
the work of Roger Bacon and that Bacon had known the use of
the compound telescope and microscope, seeing the spiral
structure of the Andromeda galaxy* (!)
only visible with modern telescopes and cell structures
unknown in the 13th Century.
What Newbold discovered in the text was absolutely
astonishing— enough to gather a lot of attention from the
scientific community. The biological drawings in the text
were described asseminiferous tubes, the microscopic cells
with nuclei, and even spermatozoa. Among the astronomical
drawings were the descriptions of spiral nebulae, a coronary
eclipse, and the comet of 1273. One of the more baffling
things about this was that many of the drawings of plants,
and of the galaxies appeared to have been invented. There
was no doubt that if Bacon were the author of such a text,
he must have had some way of obtaining the information.
For instance, Newbold's translation of the caption near
the drawing of the nebula of Andromeda (which clearly shows
its spiral characteristics), gave its location by the
following:
"In a concave mirror I saw a star in the form of
a snail....between the
navel of Pegasus, the girdle of Andromeda, and the head of
Cassiopea".
The attempts to crack the code, however, were not over.
In 1931, Mrs. Voynich took a photostat copy of the
manuscript to Catholic University in Washington where Fr.
Theodore Petersen reproduced it photographically and
started a complete hand transcription of the manuscript,
with a card index to the words, and lists of concordances.
The transcription alone was reported to have taken him 4
years. Unfortunately, it is not known what conclusion, if
any, he reached.
In 1944, Hugh O'Neill, a renowned botanist at the
Catholic University, identified various plants depicted in
the manuscript as New-World species, in particular an
American sunflower and a red pepper (O'Neill, 1944). This
meant that the dating of the manuscript should be placed
after 1493, when Columbus brought the first sunflower seeds
to Europe. However, the identification is not certain: the
red pepper is coloured green and the sunflower
identification is equally contested.
Other people involved in the study of the manuscript were
prominent cryptologists such as W. Friedman and J. Tiltman, who independently arrived at the hypothesis
that the manuscript was written in an artificial,
constructed language. This was based on the structure of the
"words" as described below. Such artificial
languages were devised at least a century after the probable
date of the Voynich manuscript. Only the 'Lingua Ignota' of
Hildegarde of Bingen (1098-1179) predates the Voynich
manuscript by several centuries, but this language does not
exhibit the structure observed by Friedman and Tiltman, and
it provides only nouns and a few adjectives.
Friedman came to know Petersen who at some time presented
his hand transcription and other material to him. After
Friedman's death, all the material was moved to the W.F.
Friedman collection of the Marshall Foundation. Recently,
electronic versions of the transcriptions made by Friedman's
groups were produced from the typed sheets and made
available on the Internet (Reeds, 1995).
Later acclaimed solutions see in the manuscript a simple
substitution cipher which can only decode isolated words
(Feely, 1943), the first use of a more or less sophisticated
cipher (Strong, 1945; Brumbaugh, 1977), a text in a
vowel-less Ukrainian (Stojko, 1978) or the only surviving
document of the Cathar movement (Levitov, 1987). No
acceptable plaintext has ever been produced though.
Some interesting new insights into the manuscript were
provided in the 70's by Prescott Currier, presenting
some of his results at an informal Voynich manuscript
symposium at the National Security Agency in Washington (D'Imperio,
1978). Basing his findings on the statistical properties of
the text, he showed that the manuscript is written in two
distinct "languages" which he simply called A and
B. Each bifolio was written in one of the two, and bifolios
in the same "language" were generally grouped
together. Only in the herbal section there is a mixture of A
and B folios. Based on the characteristics of the writing,
he showed that the manuscript seems to have been written in
two distinct "hands", and he even suggested there
could be as much as five or even eight different hands. A
significant feature is that the hand and language used on
each folio are fully correlated. Currier's conclusion was
that at least two people were involved in writing the
Voynich manuscript, (which he considered a point against the
"hoax theory" summarised below), although
alternatively, the manuscript could have been written by one
person, in two distinct periods.
Due to the lack of success in the decipherment, a number
of people have proposed that the manuscript is a
"hoax". The manuscript could either be a 16th
century forgery, to be sold for a hefty sum to emperor
Rudolf II, who was interested in rare and unusual items (Brumbaugh,
1977, deriving from earlier unpublished theories), or a more
recent one by W. Voynich himself (Barlow, 1986). The latter
is effectively excluded both by expert dating of the
manuscript, and by the evidence of its existence prior to
1887.
One problem with the earlier hoax theory is that, as will
be shown, certain word statistics (Zipf's laws) found in the
manuscript are characteristic of natural languages. In other
words, it is unlikely that any forgery from 16th century
would "by chance" produce a text that follows
Zipf's laws (first postulated in 1935).
Since 1990, a multidisciplinary group of varying size,
generally between 100 and 200 individuals, dispersed all
around the globe and connected through the Internet, has
maintained an electronic mail forum on the decipherment of
the Voynich manuscript. This has led to a lively exchange of
ideas and the definition of two main goals: a machine
readable transcription of the manuscript text and the study
of the text through numerical experiments. The following
sections relate to these issues.
*Another interesting
possibility is that the image above is a mirror image
representation of our own galaxy, the Milky Way Galaxy...
The mapping of variable stars, neutral
hydrogen radio maps and star clusters gives us our current
view of the shape of our Galaxy shown above.
This picture shows the Milky Way Galaxy
with superimposed
mirror image of the "galaxy" from the Voynich
Manuscript.
The match is not perfect, but too close to be ignored.
Copyright 2003 by World-Mysteries.com
Described as the most studied and most mysterious
manuscript in the world, hundreds of scholars have attacked
the Voynich manuscript. Dr. Levitov tells how he broke the
text, including his discovery of the word ISIS, a
pattern-word. A transliteration of the script symbols is
provided.
Dr. Leo Levitov, author of Solution
of the Voynich Manuscript, presents the thesis
that the Voynich is nothing less then the only surviving
primary document of the " Great Heresy" that arose
in Italy and flourished in Languedoc until ruthlessly
exterminated by the Albigensian Crusade in the 1230s. The
little women in the baths who puzzled so many are for
Levitov a Cathar sacrament, the Endura,'or death by
venesection [cutting a vein] in order to bleed to death in a
warm bath'. The plant drawings that refused to resolve
themselves into botanically identifiable species are no
problem for Levitov. He stated, "There is not a single
so-called botanical illustration that does not contain some
Cathari symbol or Isis symbol. The astrological drawings are
likewise easy to deal with; The innumerable stars are
representative of the stars in Isis' mantle. The reason it
has been so difficult to decipher the Voynich Manuscript is
that it is not encrypted at all, but merely written in a
special script, and is an adaptation of a polyglot oral
tongue into a literary language which would be
understandable to people who did not understand Latin and to
whom this language could be read. Specifically, a highly
polyglot form of medieval Flemish with a large number of Old
French and Old High German loan words. Many people disagree
with his claims.
Some of the symbols used in the Voynich manuscript are
similar to symbols in other scripts or notations. In
particular, the following similarities have been noticed:
Montaillou:
The Promised Land of Error by Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie
(translated by Barbara Bray), 1978, George Braziller, Inc.,
New York tells about the testimony of peasants meticulously
recorded in the Inquisition Register of Jacques Fournier,
Bishop of Pamiers in Ariège. In it the Endura is described
as a suicidal fast.
"There is no resemblance here to Levitov's claim
that Catharism was the antique cult of Isis - and certainly
no truth to the picture of the Voynich nymphs' opening their
veins to bleed to death in the hot tubs!" - Dennis
Stallings (private correspondence)
The Voynich Manuscript is a mysterious late mediæval
text, written in an unknown script in an unknown language or
cypher. It reads as if written fluently, not by someone who
was painfully calculating each next character, but by
someone who understood what he was writing. It looks like a
curious herbal or alchemical treatise, full of diagrams of
unknown plants, unknown constellations, and elaborate
networks of plumbing inhabited by plump, naked, crowned
women. The text seems to contain all the redundancies
expected in a natural language and then some. It can be
traced back as far as the hands of Athanasius Kircher, the
Jesuit polymath, who was but the first of many to have tried
and failed to read the text.
For a time, this book was the best general overview of the
history of the Voynich Manuscript. It still is a good one,
though it has been superseded in that regard by Mary
d'Imperio's -The Voynich Manuscript: An Elegant Enigma.-
Brumbaugh proposes in this book a partial
"solution" that yields texts like ILEXER ILUS YUS
PURUS POURLY ILUY YJSUUS PURUS PLUS URICUS. These
decipherments have the merit of seeming to read like the
repetitious text of the manuscript itself. He interprets
this text, though, as "The Elixir is a game, purely,
purely a pure game; and European." Even if he has
deciphered the script, no doubt you can probably think of
other interpretations on your own.
His method of reading seems to involve first turning the
script into Arabic numerals, reading those numerals as any
of several possible letters in the Latin alphabet. He got
this by forcing letters into the script based on his
attempts to identify some of the plants in the diagrams, and
then attempting to extract a method of reading the
characters. His decypherments are occasionally tantalising,
but if this is the actual text behind the symbols, there
doesn't seem to be much point in further effort. The
readings appear to be flawed by the polyvalence of the
script he believes he sees.
D'Imperio, a cryptographer, collected and summarized all
previous research on the Voynich manuscript in 1978.
Sometimes dubbed the "most mysterious manuscript in the
world," the Voynich Manuscript (VMS) was written at
least 300 years ago (no one is sure quite when) in a
fantastic unknown script, in an unknown language, by an
unknown author. Given the strange illustrations (duplicated
in this book) present in the VMS, it could contain secrets
of astrology, alchemy, or ancient herbal knowledge. Now,
thanks to the internet, a concerted effort to
"crack" the message has been born, and D'Imperio's
monograph has become the bible of serious researchers and
hobbyists alike. Full of references and historical data
related to the VMS, this work is a must for anyone intersted
in mysterious history and culture, alchemy, or cryptography.
If you're looking for images of the Voynich
Manuscript, look no further.
All images of the Voynich Manuscript are Courtesy
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The Voynich manuscript is written in an unknown script.
TheVoynich manuscript is a mysterious illustratedbook
with incomprehensible contents, written some 600 years ago by an
unknown author in an unidentified script
and unintelligible language.
Over its recorded existence, the Voynich manuscript has been the
object of intense study by many professional and amateur cryptographers
— including some top American and British codebreakers
of World
War II fame — who all failed to decipher a single word. This
string of failures has turned the Voynich manuscript into the Holy
Grail of historical
cryptology, but it has also given weight to the theory that the
book is simply an elaborate hoax
— a meaningless sequence of arbitrary symbols.
By current estimates, the book originally had 272 pages in 17 quires
of 16 pages each [2].
Only about 240 vellum
pages remain today, and gaps in the page numbering (which seems to
be later than the text) indicate that several pages were already
missing by the time that Voynich acquired it. A quill
pen was used for the text and figure outlines, and colored paint
was applied (somewhat crudely) to the figures, possibly at a later
date.
Illustrations
The illustrations
of the manuscript shed little light on its contents, but imply that
the book consists of six "sections", with different styles
and subject matter. Except for the last section, which contains only
text, almost every page contains at least one illustration. The
sections, and their conventional names, are:
The "herbal" section of the manuscript contains
illustrations of plants.
Herbal: each page displays one plant (sometimes two),
and a few paragraphs of text—a format typical of European herbals
of the time. Some parts of these drawings are larger and cleaner
copies of sketches seen in the pharmaceutical section
(below).
Astronomical: contains circular diagrams, some of them
with suns, moons, and stars, suggestive of astronomy
or astrology.
One series of 12 diagrams depicts conventional symbols for the zodiacalconstellations
(two fishes for Pisces,
a bull for Taurus,
a soldier with crossbow for Sagittarius,
etc.). Each symbol is surrounded by exactly 30 miniature women
figures, most of them naked, each holding a labeled star. The
last two pages of this section (Aquarius
and Capricorn,
roughly January and February) were lost, while Aries
and Taurus are split into four paired diagrams with 15 stars
each. Some of these diagrams are on fold-out pages.
Biological: a dense continuous text interspersed with
figures, mostly showing small nude women bathing in pools or
tubs connected by an elaborate network of pipes, some of them
clearly shaped like body organs. Some of the women wear crowns.
Cosmological: more circular diagrams, but of an obscure
nature. This section also has fold-outs; one of them spans six
pages and contains some sort of map or diagram, with nine
"islands" connected by "causeways",
castles, and possibly a volcano.
Pharmaceutical: many labeled drawings of isolated plant
parts (roots, leaves, etc.); objects resembling apothecary
jars drawn along the margins; and a few text paragraphs.
Recipes: many short paragraphs, each marked with a
flower-like (or star-like) "bullet".
The text
The "biological" section of the manuscript has dense
text and illustrations showing nude women bathing.
The text was clearly written from left to right, with a slightly
ragged right margin. Longer sections are broken into paragraphs,
sometimes with "bullets" on the left margin. There is no
obvious punctuation. The ductus (the speed, care, and cursiveness
with which the letters are written) flows smoothly, as if the scribe
understood what he was writing when it was written; the manuscript
does not give the impression that each character had to be
calculated before being put on the page.
The text consists of over 170,000 discrete glyphs,
usually separated from each other by thin gaps. Most of the glyphs
are written with one or two simple pen strokes. While there is some
dispute as to whether certain glyphs are distinct or not, an alphabet
with 20-30 glyphs would account for virtually all of the text; the
exceptions are a few dozen "weird" characters that occur
only once or twice each.
Wider gaps divide the text into about 35,000 "words" of
varying length. These seem to follow phonetic
or orthographic
laws of some sort; e.g. certain characters must appear in each word
(like the vowels
in English), some characters never follow others, some may be
doubled but others may not.
Statistical
analysis of the text reveals patterns similar to natural
languages. For instance, the word frequencies follow Zipf's
law, and the word entropy
(about 10 bits per word) is similar to that of English
or Latin
texts. Some words occur only in certain sections, or in only a few
pages; others occur throughout the manuscript. There are very few
repetitions among the thousand or so "labels" attached to
the illustrations. In the herbal section, the first word on
each page occurs only on that page, and may be the name of the plant.
On the other hand, the Voynich manuscript's "language"
is quite unlike European languages in several aspects. For example,
there are practically no words with more than ten
"letters", yet there are also almost no one- or two-letter
words. The distribution of letters within the word is also rather
peculiar: some characters only occur at the beginning of a word,
some only at the end, and some always in the middle section – an
arrangement found in Arabic,
but not in the Roman,
Greek
or Cyrillic
alphabets.
The text seems to be more repetitious than typical European
languages; there are instances where the same common word appears
three times in a row. Words that differ only by one letter also
repeat with unusual frequency.
There are only a few words in the manuscript written in Latin
script. In the last page there are four lines of writing which are
written in (rather distorted) Latin letters, except for two words in
the main script. The lettering resembles European alphabets of the
15th century, but the words do not seem to make sense in any
language [3].
Also, a series of diagrams in the "astronomical" section
has the names of ten of the months
(from March to December) written in Latin script, with spelling
suggestive of the medieval languages of France or the Iberian
Peninsula [4].
However, it is not known whether these bits of Latin script were
part of the original text, or were added at a later time.
History
The illustrations in the "biological" section are
linked by a network of pipes.
The history of the manuscript is still full of gaps, especially
in its earliest part [5].
Since the manuscript's alphabet does not resemble any known script,
and the text is still undeciphered, the only useful evidence as to
the book's age and origin are the illustrations — especially the
dress and hairstyles of the human figures, and a couple of castles
that are seen in the diagrams. They are all characteristically
European, and based on that evidence most experts assign the book to
dates between 1450
and 1520.
This estimate is supported by other secondary clues.
The earliest confirmed owner of the manuscript was a certain
Georg Baresch, an obscure alchemist
who lived in Prague
in the early 17th century. Baresch apparently was just as puzzled as
we are today about this "Sphynx"
that had been "taking up space uselessly in his library"
for many years. On learning that Athanasius
Kircher, a Jesuit
scholar from the Collegio
Romano, had published a Coptic
(Ethiopian)
dictionary and "deciphered" the Egyptian
hieroglyphs, he sent a sample copy of the script to Kircher in Rome
(twice), asking for clues. His 1639
letter to Kircher, which was recently located by Rene
Zandbergen, is the earliest mention of the manuscript that has
been found so far.
It is not known whether Kircher answered the request, but
apparently he was interested enough to try to acquire the book,
which Baresch apparently refused to yield. Upon Baresch's death the
manuscript passed to his friend Jan
Marek Marci (Johannes Marcus Marci), then rector of Charles
University in Prague; who promptly sent the book to Kircher, his
longtime friend and correspondent. Marci's cover letter (1666)
is still attached to the manuscript.
There are no records of the book for the next 200 years, but in
all likelihood it was kept, with the rest of Kircher's
correspondence, in the library of the Collegio
Romano (now the Pontifical
Gregorian University). It probably sat there until the troops of
Victor
Emmanuel II of Italy captured the city in 1870
and annexed the Papal
States. The new Italian government decided to confiscate many
properties of the Church, including the library of the Collegio.
According to investigations by Xavier
Ceccaldi and others, just before this happened many books of the
University's library were hastily transferred to the personal
libraries of its faculty, which were exempt from confiscation.
Kircher's correspondence was among those books—and so apparently
was the Voynich manuscript, as it still bears the ex
libris of Petrus
Beckx, head of the Jesuit order and the University's Rector at
the time.
Around 1912
the Collegio Romano was apparently short of money and decided to
sell (very discreetly) some of its holdings. Wilfrid Voynich
acquired 30 manuscripts, among them the manuscript that now bears
his name. In 1930,
after his death, the manuscript was inherited by his widow Ethel
Lilian Voynich (known as the author of the novel The
Gadfly). She died in 1960
and left the manuscript to her close friend, Miss Anne
Nill. In 1961,
Anne Nill sold the book to another antique book dealer Hans P.
Kraus. Unable to find a buyer, Kraus donated the manuscript to Yale
University in 1969.
Theories about authorship
Many names have been proposed as possible authors of the Voynich
manuscript. Here are only the most popular ones.
Roger Bacon
Roger Bacon
Marci's 1665
cover letter to Kircher says that, according to his late friend Raphael
Mnishovsky, the book had once been bought by Emperor Rudolf
II of Bohemia
(1552–1612) for 600 ducats
— Around €25,000
as of 2005.
According to the letter, Rudolf (or perhaps Raphael) believed the
author to be the Franciscan
friar and polymathRoger
Bacon (1214–1294).
Even though Marci said that he was "suspending his judgement"
about this claim, it was taken quite seriously by Voynich, who did
his best to confirm it. His conviction strongly influenced most
decipherment attempts for the next 80 years. However, scholars who
have looked at the Voynich manuscript and are familiar with Bacon's
works have flatly denied that possibility. One should note also that
Raphael died in 1644,
and the deal must have occurred before Rudolf's abdication in 1611—at
least 55 years before Marci's letter.
John Dee
John Dee
The assumption that Roger Bacon was the author led Voynich to
conclude that the person who sold the Voynich manuscript to Rudolf
could only be John
Dee, a mathematician and astrologer at the court of Queen
Elizabeth I, known to have owned a large collection of Bacon's
manuscripts. Dee and his scrier
(mediumic
assistant) Edward
Kelley lived in Bohemia for several years where they had hoped
to sell their services to the Emperor. However, Dee's meticulously
kept diaries do not mention that sale, and make it seem quite
unlikely. Anyway, if the Voynich manuscript author is not Bacon, the
connection to Dee may just disappear. On the other hand, Dee himself
may have written it and spread the rumour that it was originally a
work of Bacon's in the hopes of later selling it.
Edward Kelley
Edward Kelley
Dee's companion in Prague, Edward
Kelley, was a self-styled alchemist who claimed to be able to
turn copper
into gold
by means of a secret powder which he had dug out of a Bishop's
tomb in Wales.
As Dee's scrier, he claimed to be able to invoke angels
through a crystal ball, and had long conversations with them—which
Dee dutifully noted down. The angel's language was called Enochian,
after Enoch,
the Biblical father of Methuselah;
according to legend, he had been taken on a tour of Heaven by
angels, and later written a book
about what he saw there. Several people (see below) have suggested
that, just as Kelley invented Enochian to dupe Dee, he could have
fabricated the Voynich manuscript to swindle the Emperor (who was
already paying Kelley for his supposed alchemical expertise).
However, if Roger Bacon is not the author of the Voynich manuscript,
Kelley's connection to the manuscript is just as vacuous as Dee's.
Wilfrid Voynich
Voynich was often suspected of having fabricated the Voynich
manuscript himself. As an antique book dealer, he probably had the
necessary knowledge and means; and a "lost book" by Roger
Bacon would have been worth a fortune. However, the recent discovery
of Baresch's letter to Kircher has all but eliminated that
possibility.
Jacobus Sinapius
A photostatic
reproduction of the first page of the Voynich manuscript, taken by
Voynich sometime before 1921,
showed some faint writing that had been erased. With the help of
chemicals, the text could be read as the name 'Jacobj `a Tepenece'.
This is taken to be Jakub Horcicky of Tepenec, who was also known by
his Latin name: Jacobus
Sinapius. He was a specialist in herbal
medicine, Rudolph
II's personal physician, and curator of his botanical gardens.
Voynich, and many other people after him, concluded from this
"signature" that Jacobus owned the Voynich manuscript
before Baresch, and saw in that a confirmation of Raphael's story.
Others have suggested that Jacobus himself could be the author.
However, that writing does not match Jacobus's signature, as
found in a document recently located by Jan
Hurich. So it is still possible that the writing on page f1r
was added by a later owner or librarian, and is only this person's
guess as to the book's author. (In the Jesuit history books that
were available to Kircher, Jesuit-educated Jacobus is the only
alchemist or doctor from Rudolf's court who deserves a full-page
entry, while, for example, Tycho
Brahe is barely mentioned.) Moreover, the chemicals applied by
Voynich have so degraded the vellum that hardly a trace of the
signature can be seen today; thus there is also the suspicion that
the signature was fabricated by Voynich in order to strengthen the
Roger Bacon theory.
Jan Marci
Jan
Marci met Kircher when he led a delegation from Charles
University to Rome in 1638;
and over the next 27 years, the two scholars exchanged many letters
on a variety of scientific subjects. Marci's trip was part of a
continuing struggle by the secularist
side of the University to maintain their independence from the
Jesuits, who ran the rival Clementinum
college in Prague. In spite of those efforts, the two universities
were merged in 1654,
under Jesuit control. It has therefore been speculated that
political animosity against the Jesuits led Marci to fabricate
Baresch's letters, and later the Voynich manuscript, in an attempt
to expose and discredit their "star" Kircher.
Marci's personality and knowledge appear to have been adequate
for this task; and Kircher, a "Dr. Know-It-All" who is
today remembered more by his egregious mistakes than by his genuine
accomplishments, was an easy target. Indeed, Baresch's letter bears
some resemblance to a hoax that orientalist Andreas
Mueller once played on Kircher. Mueller concocted an
unintelligible manuscript and sent it to Kircher with a note
explaining that it had come from Egypt. He asked Kircher for a
translation, and Kircher, reportedly, produced one at once.
It is worth noting that the only proofs of Georg Baresch's
existence are three letters sent to Kircher: one by Baresch (1639),
and two by Marci (about a year later). It is also curious that the
correspondence between Marci and Kircher ends in 1665,
precisely with the Voynich manuscript "cover letter".
However, Marci's secret grudge against the Jesuits is pure
conjecture: a faithful Catholic, he himself had studied to become a
Jesuit, and shortly before his death in 1667
he was granted honorary membership in their Order.
Raphael Mnishovsky
Raphael
Mnishovsky, the friend of Marci who was the reputed source of
Bacon's story, was himself a cryptographer
(among many other things), and apparently invented a cipher
which he claimed was uncrackable (ca. 1618).
This has led to the theory that he produced the Voynich manuscript
as a practical demonstration of said cipher—and made poor Baresch
his unwitting "guinea pig". After Kircher published his
book on Coptic, Raphael (so the theory goes) may have thought that
stumping him would be a much better trophy than stumping Baresch,
and convinced the alchemist to ask the Jesuit's help. He would have
invented the Roger Bacon story to motivate Baresch. Indeed, the
disclaimer in the Voynich manuscript cover letter could mean that
Marci suspected a lie. However, there is no definite evidence for
this theory.
Anthony Ascham
Dr. Leonell Strong, a cancer research scientist and amateur
cryptographer, tried to decipher the Voynich manuscript. Strong said
that the solution to the Voynich manuscript was a "peculiar
double system of arithmetical progressions of a multiple
alphabet". Strong claimed that the plaintext revealed the
Voynich manuscript to be written by the 16th century English author Anthony
Ascham, whose works include A Little Herbal, published in
1550. Although the Voynich manuscript does contain sections
resembling an herbal, the main argument against this theory is that
it is unknown where Anthony would have obtained such literary and
cryptographic knowledge.
Multiple authors
Prescott
Currier, a US
Navy cryptographer who worked with the manuscript in the 1970s,
observed that the pages of the "herbal" section could be
separated into two sets, A and B, with distinctive
statistical properties and apparently different handwritings. He
concluded that the Voynich manuscript was the work of two or more authors
who used different dialects
or spelling
conventions, but who shared the same script. However, recent studies
have questioned this conclusion. A handwriting expert who examined
the book saw only one hand in the whole manuscript. Also, when all
sections are examined, one sees a more gradual transition, with
herbal A and herbal B at opposite ends. Thus,
Prescott's observations could simply be the result of the herbal
sections being written in two widely separated time periods.
Theories about contents and purpose
The overall impression given by the surviving leaves of the
manuscript suggests that it was meant to serve as a pharmacopoeia
or to address topics in medieval or early modern medicine.
However, the puzzling details of illustrations have fueled many
theories about the book's origins, the contents of its text, and the
purpose for which it was intended. Here are only a few of them:
Herbal
The first section of the book is almost certainly a herbal,
but attempts to identify the plants, either with actual specimens or
with the stylized drawings of contemporary herbals, have largely
failed. Only a couple of plants (including a wild
pansy and the maidenhair
fern) can be identified with some certainty. Those
"herbal" pictures that match "pharmacological"
sketches appear to be "clean copies" of these, except that
missing parts were completed with improbable-looking details. In
fact, many of the plants seem to be composite: the roots of one
species have been fastened to the leaves of another, with flowers
from a third.
Sunflowers
Brumbaugh believed that one illustration depicted a New World sunflower,
which would help date the manuscript and open up intriguing
possibilities for its origin. However, the resemblance is slight,
especially when compared to the original wild species; and, since
the scale of the drawing is not known, the plant could be many other
members of the same
family — which includes the common daisy,
chamomile,
and many other species from all over the world.
Alchemy
The basins and tubes in the "biological" section may
seem to indicate a connection to alchemy,
which would also be relevant if the book contained instructions on
the preparation of medical compounds. However, alchemical books of
the period share a common pictorial language, where processes and
materials are represented by specific images (eagle, toad, man in
tomb, couple in bed, etc.) or standard textual symbols (circle with
cross, etc.); and none of these could be convincingly identified in
the Voynich manuscript.
Alchemical herbal
Sergio
Toresella, an expert on ancient herbals, pointed out that the
Voynich manuscript could be an alchemical
herbal—which actually had nothing to do with alchemy, but
was a bogus herbal with invented pictures, that a quack
doctor would carry around just to impress his clients. Apparently
there was a small cottage
industry of such books somewhere in northern Italy, just at the
right epoch. However, those books are quite different from the
Voynich manuscript in style and format; and they were all written in
plain language.
Astrological herbal
Astrological considerations frequently played a prominent role in
herb gathering, blood-letting and other medical procedures common
during the likeliest dates of the manuscript (see, for instance, Nicholas
Culpeper's books). However, apart from the obvious Zodiac
symbols, and one diagram possibly showing the classical planets, no
one has been able to interpret the illustrations within known
astrological traditions (European or otherwise).
Microscopes and telescopes
This three-page foldout from the manuscript includes a chart
that appears astronomical.
A circular drawing in the "astronomical" section
depicts an irregularly shaped object with four curved arms, which
some have interpreted as a picture of a galaxy
that could only be obtained with a telescope.
Other drawings were interpreted as cells
seen through a microscope.
This would suggest an early modern, rather than a medieval, date for
the manuscript's origin. However, the resemblance is rather
questionable: on close inspection, the central part of the
"galaxy" looks rather like a pool of water.
Theories about the language
Many theories have been advanced as to the nature of the Voynich
manuscript "language". Here is a partial list:
Letter-based cipher
According to this theory, the Voynich manuscript contains a
meaningful text in some European language, that was intentionally
rendered obscure by mapping it to the Voynich manuscript
"alphabet" through a cipher
of some sort—an algorithm
that operated on individual letters.
This has been the working hypothesis for most decipherment
attempts in the 20th century, including an informal team of NSAcryptographers
led by William
F. Friedman in the early 1950s. Simple substitution
ciphers can be excluded, because they are very easy to crack; so
decipherment efforts have generally focused on polyalphabetic
ciphers, invented by Alberti
in the 1460s. This class includes the popular Vigenere
cipher, which could have been strengthened by the use of nulls
and/or equivalent symbols, letter rearrangement, false word breaks,
etc. Some people assumed that vowels had been deleted before
encryption. There have been several claims of decipherment along
these lines, but none has been widely accepted — chiefly because
the proposed decipherment algorithms depended on so many guesses by
the user that they could extract a meaningful text from any random
string of symbols.
The main argument for this theory is that the use of a weird
alphabet by a European author can hardly be explained except as an
attempt to hide information. Indeed, Roger Bacon knew about ciphers,
and the estimated date for the manuscript roughly coincides with the
birth of cryptography
as a systematic discipline. Against this theory is the observation
that a polyalphabetic cipher would normally destroy the
"natural" statistical features that are seen in the
Voynich manuscript, such as Zipf's
law. Also, although polyalphabetic ciphers were invented about 1467,
variants only became popular in the 16th century, somewhat too late
for the estimated date of the Voynich manuscript.
Codebook cipher
According to this theory, the Voynich manuscript
"words" would be actually codes
to be looked up in a dictionary or codebook.
The main evidence for this theory is that the internal structure and
length distribution of those words are similar to those of Roman
numerals—which, at the time, would be a natural choice for the
codes. However, book-based ciphers are viable only for short
messages, because they are very cumbersome to write and to read.
Visual cipher
James Finn proposed in his book Pandora's Hope (2004)[6]
that the Voynich manuscript is in fact visually encoded Hebrew.
Once the Voynich letters have been correctly transcribed, using the EVA
as a guide, many of the Voynich words can be seen as Hebrew words
that repeat with different distortions to confuse the reader. For
example, the word AIN from the manuscript is the Hebrew word for
"eye", and it also appears in different distorted versions
as "aiin" or "aiiin", to make it appear as
though the words are different when in fact they are the same word.
Other methods of visual encryption are used as well. The main
argument for this view is that it would explain the lack of success
that most other researchers have had in decoding the manuscript,
because they are based on more mathematical approaches to the
decryption. The main argument against it is that such a qualitative
encoding places a heavy burden on the talents of the individual
decoder, given the multiplicity of possible alternate visual
interpretations of the same text. It would be hard to separate how
much interpretation is of the genuine text, and how much simply
reflects the bias of the original interpreter.
Micrography
Following its 1912 rediscovery, one of the earliest efforts to
unlock the book's secrets (and, indeed, the first of many premature
claims of decipherment) was made in 1921
by William Newbold of the University
of Pennsylvania. His singular hypothesis held that the visible
text is meaningless itself, but that each apparent
"letter" is in fact constructed of a series of tiny
markings only discernible under magnification.
These markings, based on ancient
Greekshorthand,
were supposed to form a second level of script that held the real
content of the writing. Using this knowledge, Newbold claimed to
have worked out entire paragraphs proving the authorship of Bacon
and recording his use of a compound microscope four hundred years
before Leeuwenhoek.
However, John Manly of the University
of Chicago pointed out serious flaws in this theory. Each
shorthand character was assumed to have multiple interpretations,
with no reliable way to determine which was intended for any given
case. Newbold's method also required rearranging letters at will
until intelligible Latin
was produced. These factors alone ensure the system enough
flexibility that nearly anything at all could be "read" in
the microscopic
markings, which in any case are themselves illusory. Although there
is a tradition of Hebrewmicrography,
it is nowhere near as compact or complex as the shapes Newbold made
out. Upon close study, these turn out to be mere artifacts of the
way ink cracks as it dries on rough vellum, and an example of pareidolia.
Thanks to Manly's thorough refutation, the micrography theory is
today disregarded.
Steganography
This theory holds that the text of the Voynich manuscript is
mostly meaningless, but contains meaningful information hidden in
inconspicuous details—e.g. the second letter of every word, or the
number of letters in each line. This technique, called steganography,
is very old, and was described e.g. by Johannes
Trithemius in 1499.
Some people suggested that the plain text was to be extracted by a Cardan
grille of some sort. This theory is hard to prove or disprove,
since stegotexts
can be arbitrarily hard to crack. An argument against it is that
using a cipher-looking cover text defeats the main purpose of
steganography, which is to hide the very existence of the
secret message.
Some people have suggested that the meaningful text could be
encoded in the length or shape of certain pen strokes. There are
indeed examples of steganography from about that time that use
letter shape (italic
vs. upright) to hide information. However, when examined at high
magnification, the Voynich manuscript pen strokes seem quite
natural, and substantially affected by the uneven surface of the
vellum.
Exotic natural language
The linguist Jacques
Guy once suggested that the Voynich manuscript text could be
some exotic natural language, written in
the plain with an invented alphabet. The word structure is
indeed similar to that of many language families of East and Central
Asia, mainly Sino-Tibetan
(Chinese,
Tibetan,
and Burmese),
Austroasiatic
(Vietnamese,
Khmer,
etc.) and possibly Tai
(Thai,
Lao,
etc.). In many of these languages, the "words"
have only one syllable;
and syllables have a rather rich structure, including tonal
patterns.
This theory has some historical plausibility. While those
languages generally had native scripts, these were notoriously
difficult for Western visitors; which motivated the invention of
several phonetic
scripts, mostly with Latin
letters but sometimes with invented alphabets. Although the
known examples are much later than the Voynich manuscript, history
records hundreds of explorers and missionaries who could have done
it—even before Marco
Polo's 13th century voyage, but especially after Vasco
da Gama discovered the sea route to the Orient in 1499.
The Voynich manuscript author could also be a native from East Asia
living in Europe, or educated at a European mission.
The main argument for this theory is that it is consistent with
all statistical properties of the Voynich manuscript text which have
been tested so far, including doubled and tripled words (which have
been found to occur in Chinese and Vietnamese texts at roughly the
same frequency as in the Voynich manuscript). It also explains the
apparent lack of numerals and Western syntactic features (such as articles
and copulas),
and the general inscrutability of the illustrations. Another
possible hint are two large red symbols on the first page, which
have been compared to a Chinese-style book title, upside down and
badly copied. Also, the apparent division of the year into 360
degrees (rather than 365 days), in groups of 15 and starting with
Pisces, are features of the Chinese
agricultural calendar (jie q`i). The main argument
against the theory is the fact that no one (including scholars at
the Academy
of Sciences in Beijing)
could find any clear examples of Asian symbolism or Asian science in
the illustrations.
In late 2003,
Zbigniew
Banasik of Poland proposed that the manuscript is plaintext
written in the Manchu
language and gave an incomplete translation of the first page of
the manuscript [3][4][5].
Polyglot tongue
In his book Solution of the Voynich Manuscript: A liturgical
Manual for the Endura Rite of the Cathari Heresy, the Cult of Isis
(1987),
Leo
Levitov declared the manuscript a plaintext
transcription of a "polyglot oral tongue". This he defined
as "a literary language which would be understandable to people
who did not understand Latin and to whom this language could be
read." His proposed decryption has three Voynich letters making
a syllable, to produce a series of syllables that form a mixture of
medieval Flemish
with many borrowed Old
French and Old
High German words.
According to Levitov, the rite of Endura was none other than the
assisted suicide ritual for people already believed to be near
death, famously associated with the Cathar
faith (although the reality of this ritual is also in question). He
explains that the chimerical plants are not meant to represent any
species of flora, but are secret symbols of the faith. The women in
the basins with elaborate plumbing represent the suicide ritual
itself, which he believed involved venesection: the cutting of a
vein to allow the blood to drain into a warm bath. The
constellations with no celestial analogue are representative of the
stars in Isis' mantle.
This theory is questioned on several grounds. First, the Cathar
faith is widely understood to have been a Christian gnosticism,
and not in any way associated with Isis.
Second, this theory places the book's origins in the twelfth or
thirteenth century, which is considerably older than even the
adherents to the Roger Bacon theory believe. Third, the Endura
ritual involved fasting, not venesection. Levitov offered no
evidence beyond his translation for this theory.
Constructed language
The peculiar internal structure of Voynich manuscript
"words" has led William F. Friedman and John
Tiltman to arrive independently at the conjecture that the text
could be a constructed
language in the plain—specifically, a philosophical
one. In languages of this class, the vocabulary is organized
according to a category
system, so that the general meaning of a word can be deduced
from its sequence of letters. For example, in the modern constructed
language Ro,
bofo- is the category of colors, and any word beginning with
those letters would name a color: so red is bofoc, and
yellow is bofof. (This is an extreme version of the book
classification scheme used by many libraries — in which, say, P
stands for language and literature, PA for Greek
and Latin,
PC for Romance
languages, etc.)
This concept is quite old, as attested by John
Wilkins's Philosophical
Language (1668).
In most known examples, categories are subdivided by adding suffixes;
as a consequence, a text in a particular subject would have many
words with similar prefixes — for example, all plant names would
begin with the similar letters, and likewise for all diseases, etc.
This feature could then explain the repetitious nature of the
Voynich text. However, no one has been able to assign a plausible
meaning to any prefix or suffix in the Voynich manuscript; and,
moreover, known examples of philosophical languages are rather late
(17th century).
Hoax
The bizarre features of the Voynich manuscript text (such as the
doubled and tripled words) and the suspicious contents of its
illustrations (such as the chimeric plants) have led many people to
conclude that the manuscript may in fact be a hoax.
In 2003,
computer
scientistGordon
Rugg showed that text with characteristics similar to the
Voynich manuscript could have been produced using a table of word
prefixes, stems, and suffixes, which would have been selected and
combined by means of a perforated paper overlay. The latter device,
known as a Cardan
grille, was invented around 1550
as an encryption tool. However, the pseudo-texts generated in Gordon
Rugg's experiments do not have the same words and frequencies as the
Voynich manuscript; its resemblance to "Voynichese" is
only visual, not quantitative. Since one can produce random
gibberish that resembles English (or any other language) to a
similar extent, these experiments are not yet convincing.
Influence on popular culture
A number of items in popular culture appear to have been
influenced, at least in part, by the Voynich manuscript.
The dangerous grimoire
called the Necronomicon
appears in H.
P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu
Mythosfantasy.
While Lovecraft likely created the Necronomicon without
knowledge of the Voynich manuscript, Colin
Wilson published a short story in 1969
called "The Return of the Lloigor", in Arkham House's Tales
of the Cthulhu Mythos, wherein a character discovers that
the Voynich manuscript is an incomplete copy of the grimoire.
Since then, the fictional Necronomicon has been
repeatedly identified with this real mystery by other authors.
The Voynich manuscript is central to the plot of Brad
Strickland’s The Wrath of the Grinning Ghost, part
of the Johnny Dixon series begun by author John
Bellairs.
The Codex
Seraphinianus is a modern work of art created in the
style of the Voynich manuscript.
The contemporary composer Hanspeter
Kyburz wrote an orchestra piece based on the Voynich
manuscript, thus reading it as a musical score.
The plot of Il Romanzo di Nostradamus by Valerio
Evangelisti features the Voynich manuscript as a work of
black magic, against which the famous French astrologer Nostradamus
will fight all his life.
Manly, John Mathews (1921), "The Most Mysterious
Manuscript in the World: Did Roger Bacon Write It and Has the
Key Been Found?", Harper's Monthly Magazine 143,
pp.186-197.
Manly, John Matthews (1931).
“Roger Bacon and the Voynich MS”. Speculum 6
(3): 345-391.
McKenna, Terence, "The Voynich Manuscript",
in his The Archaic Revival (HarperSanFrancisco, 1991),
pp.172-184.
Books
↑Le
Code Voynich, the whole manuscript published with a short
presentation in French, ed. Jean-Claude Gawsewitch, (2005)
ISBN
2350130223.
↑ William
Poundstone. Labyrinths of Reason: Paradox, Puzzles, and the
Frailty of Knowledge. ISBN
0-385-24271-9.
↑ Sean
B. Palmer (2004), "Notes on f116v's Michitonese" [1]
↑ Sean
B. Palmer (2004), "Voynich Manuscript: Months" [2]
↑ James
E. Finn (2004). Pandora's Hope: Humanity's Call to Adventure :
A Short and To-the-Point Essential Guide to the End of the World,
PublishAmerica. ISBN
1-4137-3261-5.
Lawrence and
Nancy Goldstone (2005). The Friar and the Cipher: Roger Bacon
and the Unsolved Mystery of the Most Unusual Manuscript in the
World, New York: Doubleday. ISBN
0767914732.
Gerry Kennedy,
Rob Churchill (2004). The Voynich Manuscript, London:
Orion. ISBN
075285996X.
Mario M. Pérez-Ruiz
(2003). El Manuscrito Voynich (in Spanish), Barcelona: Océano
Ambar. ISBN
8475562167.
John Stojko
(1978). Letters to God's Eye, New York: Vantage Press. ISBN
0533041813.
Robert S.
Brumbaugh (1978). The Most Mysterious Manuscript: The Voynich
'Roger Bacon' Cipher Manuscript, Carbondale: Southern
Illinois University Press. ISBN
0809308088.
M. E. D'Imperio
(1978). The Voynich Manuscript: An Elegant Enigma, Laguna
Hills, Calif.: Aegean Park Press. ISBN
0894120387.
Leo Levitov
(1987). Solution of the Voynich Manuscript: A liturgical
Manual for the Endura Rite of the Cathari Heresy, the Cult of
Isis, Aegean Park Press. ISBN
0-89412-148-0.
William Romaine
Newbold (1928). The Cipher of Roger Bacon, Philadelphia:
University of Pennsylvania Press.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU
Free Documentation License (see Copyrights
for details).
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation,
Inc.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~`
Folio 33v
The Voynich Manu
The Most Mysterious Manuscript in the World
(1) Description
"The Voynich Manuscript, which has
been dubbed 'The Most Mysterious Manuscript in the World', is named
after its discoverer, the American antique book dealer and
collector, Wilfrid M. Voynich, who discovered it in 1912, amongst a
collection of ancient manuscripts kept in villa Mondragone in
Frascati, near Rome, which had been by then turned into a Jesuit
College (closed in 1953)."
- Jacques Guy
"From a piece of paper which was once
attached to the Voynich manuscript, and which is now stored in one
of the boxes belonging with the Voynich manuscript holdings of the
Beinecke library, it is known that the manuscript once formed part
of the private library of Petrus Beckx S.J., 22nd general of the
Society of Jesus."
- René Zandbergen, G. Landini,
"Some new information about the later history of the Voynich
Manuscript". See "Voynich
MS history after 1600" for the most current info.
"The manuscript counted at least 116 folios,
of which 104 remain. The folio size is 6 by 9 inches, but some
folios are two or three times that size and are folded. There is one
large composite of six times this size (18 by 18 inches). Both the
illustrations and the script of the manuscript are unique. As long
as the script cannot be read, the illustrations are the only clue
about the nature of the book. According to these illustrations, the
manuscript would appear to be a scientific book, mostly an
illustrated herbal with some additional sections."
- Gabriel Landini and René Zandbergen,
"A Well-kept Secret of
Mediaeval Science: the Voynich manuscript, Aesculapius
July 1998
Folio 78r
(detail)
"Wilfrid Voynich judged it [the Voynich
Manuscript] to date from the late 13th century, on the evidence of
the calligraphy, the drawings, the vellum, and the pigments. It is
some 200 pages long, written in an unknown script of which there is
no known other instance in the world. It is abundantly illustrated
with awkward coloured drawings. Drawings of unidentified plants; of
what seems to be herbal recipes; of tiny naked women frolicking in
bathtubs connected by intricate plumbing looking more like
anatomical parts than hydraulic contraptions; of mysterious charts
in which some have seem astronomical objects seen through a
telescope, some live cells seen through a microscope; of charts into
which you may see a strange calendar of zodiacal signs, populated by
tiny naked people in rubbish bins."
- Jacques Guy
"Prof. Sergio Toresella wrote a paper on
'alchemical herbals' that resemble the VMs in having pictures of
fantasy plants and written spells, enchantments, and incantations
(although in easily understood plaintext)."
- Dennis Stallings, "Voynich
mini-FAQ"
"Dating at least to 1586, the manuscript is
written in a language of which no other example is known to exist.
It is an alphabetic script, but of an alphabet variously reckoned to
have from nineteen to twenty-eight letters, none of which bear any
relationship to any English or European letter system. The
manuscript is small, seven by ten inches, but thick, nearly 170
pages. It is closely written in a free-running hand and copiously
illustrated with bizarre line drawings that have been water-colored:
drawings of plants, drawings of little naked ladies appearing to
take showers in a strange system of plumbing (variously identified
as organs of the body or a primitive set of fountains), and
astrological drawings - or what have been interpreted as
astrological drawings. Since the Voynich Manuscript is at the Beinecke
Rare Book Room at Yale [catalogue number MS 408], it is
accessible to any serious scholar."
- Terence McKenna, The Archaic
Revival
"Nobody knows, but the many illustrations
suggest some kind of alchemy book, that somebody may have wanted to
keep secret. The manuscript has several parts identified from the
illustrations (although there is no guarantee that these are the
subject matter of the sections):
a Herbal section (mostly unidentified and fantastic
plants),
an Astronomical section (with most zodiac symbols),
a Biological section (with some 'anatomical' drawings
and human figures),
a Cosmological section (with circles, stars and
celestial spheres),
a Pharmaceutical section (with vases and parts of
plants) and
a Recipes section (with many short paragraphs).
Folio 11r
(detail)
In addition there are:
pagination and gathering (signature) numbers,
several 'key-like' sequences throughout the book,
some old German writing (most probably added later),
names of the months in the astronomical section (probably
added later)
a few instances of extraneous writing (different from the rest
of the manuscript)
"An expert in alchemy, Adam McLean, has
ruled out the possibility that the VMs is a primarily alchemical
text."
- Dennis Stallings, "Voynich
mini-FAQ"
"...At the time when the Voynich manuscript
was thought to have originated - the late medieval or early
Renaissance period-the craft of cryptography was still relatively
unsophisticated. Many medieval ciphers were just exercises by idle
monks in the margins of otherwise straightforward manuscripts: words
written backward, or with the vowels replaced by dots."
"The evolution of European cryptograms was largely driven by
the need to conceal sensitive information. The Italian city-states
and the Vatican were pioneers in the genre; in 1379, Clement VII,
the first of the Avignon popes, had separate cryptographic systems
constructed for each of twenty-four correspondents. Other ciphers
were used to conceal alchemical and magical writings, which their
authors considered too powerful - or too incriminating - to fall
into the wrong hands."
- Lev Grossman, "When
Words Fail: The Struggle to Decipher the World's Most Difficult Book",
Lingua franca, April 1999
"In a well-known text on medieval
paleography, list members [of the Voynich list server] have found
embellishments of letters in a note that are dead ringers for the
VMs' 'gallows letters'. The date of the VMs is most likely the late
1400's because of the script's similarity to a "humanist
hand" style that only saw use during several decades of the
1400's, and because the nymphs' hairstyles point to 1480-1520."
- Dennis Stallings, "Voynich
mini-FAQ"
(2) Ruldoph's Collection
"The man is insane who writes a secret in
any other way than one which will conceal it from the vulgar and
make it intelligible only with difficulty even to scientific men
and earnest students."
"Certain persons have achieved concealment by means of
letters not then used by their own race or others but arbitrarily
invented by themselves."
- Sir Rober Bacon, Letter on the
Secret Works of Art and the Nullity of Magic
Folio 67r
(detail)
"Historically, it [the VMs] first appears in 1586 at the court
of Rudolph II of Bohemia, who was one of the most eccentric European
monarchs of that or any other period. Rudolph collected dwarfs and
had a regiment of giants in his army. He was surrounded by
astrologers, and he was fascinated by games and codes and music. He
was typical of the occult-oriented, Protestant noblemen of this
period and epitomized the liberated northern European prince. he was
a patron of alchemy and supported the printing of alchemical
literature. The Rosicrucian conspiracy was being quietly fomented
during this same period."
"To Rudolph's court came an unknown person who sold this
manuscript to the king for three hundred gold ducats, which,
translated into modern monetary units, is about fourteen thousand
dollars. This is an astonishing amount of money to have paid for a
manuscript at that time, which indicated that the Emperor must have
been highly impressed by it. Accompanying the manuscript was a
letter that stated that it was the work of the Englishman Roger
Bacon, who flourished in the thirteenth century and who was a noted
pre-Copernican astronomer."
"Only two years before the appearance of the Voynich
Manuscript, John
Dee, the great English navigator, astrologer, magician,
intelligence agent, and occultist had lectured in Prague on
Bacon."
- Terence McKenna, The Archaic
Revival
A number of years later, according to Sir Thomas
Browne, Dee's son, Arthur, spoke of a mysterious book that his
father owned - a "booke containing nothing butt Hieroglyphicks,
which booke his father bestowed much time upon: but I could not
heare that hee could make it out".
"The manuscript somehow passed to Jacobus de
Tepenecz, the director of Rudolph's botanical gardens (his signature
is present in folio 1r) and it is speculated that this must have
happened after 1608, when Jacobus Horcicki received his title 'de
Tepenecz'. Thus 1608 is the earliest definite date for the
Manuscript."
- Dennis Stallings, "Voynich
mini-FAQ"
"Codes from the early sixteenth century
onward in Europe were all derived from The Stenographica of
Johannes Trethemius, Bishop of Sponheim, an alchemist who wrote on
the encripherment of secret messages. He had a limited number of
methods, and no military, alchemical, religious, or political code
was composed by any other means throughout a period that lasted well
into the seventeenth century. Yet the Voynich Manuscript
does not appear to have any relationship to the codes derivative of
Johannes Trethemius, Bishop of Sponheim."
- Terence McKenna, The Archaic
Revival
(3) Recent Attempts at Decipherment
(1944-1986)
"There have been many more attempts [at
decipherment] that did not result in publication because the
would-be solvers honestly admitted to defeat...In 1944, from among
specialists in languages, documents, mathematics, botany, and
astronomy then doing war work in Washington, William F. Friedman [a
cryptologist famous for breaking the ultrasecret Japanese PURPLE
cipher] organized a group to work on the problem."
- David Kahn, The Codebreakers
Folio 83v (detail)
"From a cryptanalytic point of view, the
challenges they faced were highly technical. Among them was the task
of arriving at a standardized method of transcribing the Voynich
alphabet, which is more difficult than it sounds. Many of the
Voynich characters are identical but for tiny variations and
embellishments that may or may not have any significance. The danger
of reading two similar characters as one-equivalent to confusing the
letter o with a zero-or treating one slightly variable letter as
several was unavoidable. Nevertheless, the study group managed to
perform a few statistical analyses on samples of the Voynich text
using early IBM tabulating and sorting machines."
"Some intriguing facts emerged. First, the analysis determined
that the text of the Voynich manuscript is highly repetitive. In
places, the same word appears two or three times in succession, and
words that differ by only one letter also repeat with unusual
frequency. Overall, the vocabulary of the Voynich text is smaller
than it should be, statistically speaking, and although in general
the words are unusually short compared to Latin and English, there
are, upon close inspection, almost no one- or two-letter words.
Intriguingly, Friedman saw a similarity between this statistical
profile and that of a synthetic, universal language created by the
seventeenth-century philosopher John Wilkins, something like a
proto-Esperanto."
- Lev Grossman, "When
Words Fail: The Struggle to Decipher the World's Most Difficult Book",
Lingua franca, April 1999
"Unfortunately, by the time they [the
Washington team] had, working after hours, completed the task of
transcribing the text into symbols that tabulating machines could
process, the war was over and the group disbanded...."
- David Kahn, The Codebreakers
"In 1976 Captain Prescott Currier gave a
paper in which he showed that, judging from the handwriting, the Voynich
Manuscript must have been written by at least two different
people, and that the two texts differed markedly in the frequency
distribution of their letters and combinations."
- Jacques Guy
"The discovery of the two 'languages' in the
Herbal Section was the principal reason for transcribing and
indexing this material. It was hoped that by application of
comparative techniques to the Herbal A and B texts, ostensibly
dealing with identical subject matter, some clue to the nature of
the two 'systems of writing' might be forthcoming. The results were
completely negative; there was no sign of parallel constructions or
any other evidence that was useful in this regard. It was impossible
not to conclude that (a) we were not dealing with a 'linguistic'
recording of data and (b) the illustrations had little to do with
the accompanying text. Study of other sections of the Manuscript
where 'A' and 'B' texts are found has produced nothing to alter this
conclusion. Further, it has so far proved impossible to categorize
or to classify grammatically any series of 'words' or to discern any
use patterns that that would suggest any recognizable syntactic
arrangement of the underlying text. Perhaps even more important, I
have been unable to identify 'words' or individual symbols in either
language' to which I could assign even tentative numerical values.
It seems quite incredible to me that any systems of writing (or a
simple substitution thereof) would not betray one or both of the
above features."
- Captain Prescott H. Currier (USN
Ret.)
"Captain Currier received an A.B. in Romance
Languages at George Washington University, and a Diploma in
Comparative Philology at the University of London. He began his
cryptologic career in 1935, and was called to active duty with the
Navy in 1940. He has served in many distinguished capacities in the
field, and from 1948 to 1950, was Director of Research, Naval
Security Group. Since his retirement in 1962, he has continued to
serve as a consultant. His interest in the Voynich manuscript has
been of very long standing, and he has devoted an impressive amount
of rigorously scientific analytic effort to the problem in recent
years."
- New Research on the Voynich
Manuscript: Proceedings of a Seminar
"There have been several purported breaks,
including one rather recent one, but none has been widely
accepted....Mary D'Imperio, author of The Voynich Manuscript: An
Elegant Enigma (1978), [is] the most detailed and scholarly
study to date of this document (reprint available from Aegean Park
Press). It uses Prescott Currier's notation, which is described in
her monograph."
- Jim Gillogly
"Due to the lack of success in the
decipherment, a number of people have proposed that the manuscript
is a 'hoax'. The manuscript could either be a 16th century forgery,
to be sold for a hefty sum to emperor Rudolf II, who was interested
in rare and unusual items (Brumbaugh, 1977, deriving from earlier
unpublished theories), or a more recent one by W. Voynich himself
(Barlow, 1986). The latter is effectively excluded both by expert
dating of the manuscript, and by the evidence of its existence prior
to 1887."
"One problem with the earlier hoax theory is that, as will be
shown, certain word statistics (Zipf's laws) found in the manuscript
are characteristic of natural languages. In other words, it is
unlikely that any forgery from 16th century would 'by chance'
produce a text that follows Zipf's laws (first postulated in
1935)."
- Gabriel Landini and René Zandbergen,
"A Well-kept Secret of
Mediaeval Science: the Voynich manuscript, Aesculapius
July 1998
(4) A Cathar Manuscript?
Levitov's
Decipherment
Folio 82r
(detail)
"...Dr. Leo Levitov, author of Solution of the Voynich
Manuscript [1987], presents the "thesis that the Voynich
is nothing less then the only surviving primary document of the
"Great
Heresy" that arose in Italy and flourished in Languedoc
until ruthlessly exterminated by the Albigensian Crusade in the
1230s."
"The little women in the baths who puzzled so many are for
Levitov a Cathar sacrament, the Endura, 'or death by venesection
[cutting a vein] in order to bleed to death in a warm bath'. The
plant drawings that refused to resolve themselves into botanically
identifiable species are no problem for Levitov: 'Actually, there is
not a single so-called botanical illustration that does not contain
some Cathari symbol or Isis'
symbol.' The astrological drawings are likewise easy to deal with:
'The innumerable stars are representative of the stars in Isis'
mantle'.'
"Levitov's strong hand is translation. He asserts that the
reason it has been so difficult to decipher the Voynich Manuscript
is that it is not encrypted at all, but merely written in a special
script, and is 'an adaptation of a polyglot oral tongue into a
literary language which would be understandable to people who did
not understand Latin and to whom this language could be read.'
Specifically, a highly polyglot form of medieval Flemish with a
large number of Old French and Old High German loan words."
- Terence McKenna, The Archaic
Revival
"The person who is knowledgeable about
aid, knows there is only one way to treat agonizing pain. He
treats each one by putting them through the Endura.
It is the one way that helps Death. Not everyone knows how to
assist the one with pain. The one who is with death, and does not
die will have pain. But those who have such pain of death, need
his help. He understands the need. He is also aware that the
person who needs help does not know that he needs it. We all know
that everyone of them needs help and each of us will be available
to help."
- Voynich Manuscript (as
translated by Levitov)
"There is fortunately one fragmentary record
of Albigensian belief which has survived....I refer to the Cathar
Ritual of Lyons which is now well know having been published in
1898 by Mr. F. C. Conybeare."
- A. E. Waite, Holy Grail
"The excerpt is the ritual of consolamentum,
which is...the baptism with the Holy Spirit by laying on of hands
that made one a full Cathar."
- Dennis Stallings (private
correspondence)
Criticism of the
Cathar Theory
Dennis Stallings pointed out that there are other reliable records
of Catharism. Montaillou: The Promised Land of Error by
Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie (translated by Barbara Bray), 1978, George
Braziller, Inc., New York tells about the testimony of peasants
meticulously recorded in the Inquisition Register of Jacques
Fournier, Bishop of Pamiers in Ariège. In it the Endura is
described as a suicidal fast.
"There is no resemblance here to Levitov's
claim that Catharism was the antique cult of Isis - and certainly no
truth to the picture of the Voynich nymphs' opening their veins to
bleed to death in the hot tubs!"
- Dennis Stallings (private
correspondence)
"Waite goes on to mention that part of the
Lyons Codex contains 'certain prayers for the dying'. The codex is
in the langue d'oc. Does it resemble the Voynich material? We are
not told."
- Terence McKenna, The Archaic
Revival
"I could never secure a copy of Levitov's
book, and had to rely entirely on pp.21-31, of which Michael Barlow,
who had reviewed Levitov's book in Cryptologia, had sent me
photocopies. Levitov's understanding of the Cathar religion and its
rites, from what I could piece together from the review in Cryptologia,
and which are central to his decipherment of the Voynich manuscript
which he claims is a Cathar prayer book, is, to say the least,
rather at odds with what Fernand Niel wrote in his Albigeois et
Cathares (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1955)."
- Jacques B.M. Guy, On Levitov's
Decipherment of the Voynich Manuscript
"The language was very much standardized. It
was an application of a polyglot oral tongue into a literary
language which would be understandable to people who did not
understand Latin and to whom this language could be read."
- Dr. Leo Levitov, Solution of the
Voynich Manuscript
"At first reading, I would be tempted to
dismiss it all as nonsense: 'polyglot oral tongue' is meaningless
babble to the linguist in me. But Levitov is a medical doctor, so
allowances must be made. The best meaning I can read into 'polyglot
oral tongue' is 'a language that had never been written before and
which had taken words from many different languages'. That is
perfectly reasonable: English for one, has done that. Half its
vocabulary is Norman French, and some of the commonest words have
non-Anglo-Saxon origins. 'Sky', for instance, is a Danish word. So
far, so good."
"...There are only twelve consonant sounds. That is unheard of
for a European language. No European language has so few consonant
sounds. Spanish, which has very few sounds (only five vowels), has
seventeen distinct consonants sounds, plus two semi-consonants.
Dutch has from18 to 20 consonants (depending on speakers, and how
you analyze the sounds.) What is also extraordinary in Levitov's
language is that it lacks a g, and BOTH b
and p. I cannot think of one single language in the
world that lacks both b and p.
Levitov also says that m occurs only word-finally,
never at the beginning, nor in the middle of a word. That is
correct: the letter he says is m is always
word-final in the reproductions I have seen of the Voynich MS. But
no language I know of behaves like that. All have an m
(except one American Indian language, which is very famous for that,
and the name of which I cannot recall). In some languages, there is
a position where m never appears, and that is
word-finally, exactly the reverse of Levitov's language."
"No European language I know fails to distinguish between
singular and plural in its first and third person pronouns (i.e. I
vs we, he/she/it vs they)."
"...We are here in the presence of a
Germanic language which behaves very, very strangely in the way of
the meanings of its compound words. For instance, viden (to be with
death) is made up of the words for 'with', 'die' and the infinitive
suffix. I am sure that Levitov here was thinking of a construction
like German mitkommen which means 'to come along' ('to with-come').
I suppose I could say Bitte, sterben Sie mit on the
same model as Bitte, kommen Sie mit ('Come with me/us,
please'), thereby making up a verb mitsterben, but that
would mean 'to die together with someone else', not 'to be with
death' . Next, the word order in many 'apostrophized' groups of
words (but note that a word often consists of just one single
letter), is the reverse of that of Germanic. For instance VIAN 'one
way' literally 'way one' is the reverse of Dutch een weg,
German ein Weg, and of course, of English 'one way'.
Ditto for WIA 'one who', VA 'one will', KER 'she understands' etc.
Admittedly the inversion of the subject is quite common in German (Ploetzlish
dacht ich: 'Suddenly thought I') but it is governed by
strict, clear-cut grammatical rules, conspicuously absent in the two
sentences translated on p.31 of the except from his book upon which
I am drawing for these comments."
Applying Levitov's rules for translation:
thanvieth = the one way (th
= the (?), an = one, vi = way, eth
= it)
faditeth = doing for help (f = for, ad
= aid, i = -ing, t = do, eth
= it)
wan = person (wi/wa = who, an
= one)
athviteth = one that one knows (a = one,
th = that, vit = know, eth
= it.)
(Here, Levitov adds one extra letter, A, which is not in the text,
getting his ATHAVITEH, which provides the second "one"
of his translation)
anthviteth= one that knows (an =one, th
= that, vit = know, eth = it)
atwiteth = one treats one who does it (a
= one, t = do, wi = who, t
= do, eth = it. .
(Literally: "one does [one] who does it". The first
"do" is translated as "treat", the second
"one" is again added by Levitov: he inserts an A, which
gives him ATAWITETH) aneth = ones (an = one, -eth = the plural
ending)
"Levitov's translation of the above is: 'the
one way for helping a person who needs it, is to know one of the
ones who do treat one'."
- Jacques B.M. Guy, On Levitov's
Decipherment of the Voynich Manuscript
"A complete translation of the more than 200
pages waits in the wings - a long, arduous and possibly unrewarding
task."
- Dr. Leo Levitov, Solution of the
Voynich Manuscript
(5) The Current State of Research
"In 1991 a loose international collective of
researchers drawn largely from outside the academy coalesced around
an email list devoted to the manuscript. 'It's very orderly,' says
Jim Reeds, a list member and statistics Ph.D. who works in an
AT&T laboratory. 'Everyone is listened to politely, even the
crackpots.' Together the members maintain a massive archive of
Voynich-related information; the network is spread out over dozens
of interlinked Web sites that offer images of the manuscript, large
chunks of transcribed text, a concordance, and even Voynich fonts.
Recently, discussion has focused on the cipher's repetitiveness;
several members have argued that it can be explained by a 'verbose'
cipher, one that substitutes several cipher letters for each letter
in the plaintext."
Folio 88r
(detail)
"The collective has also renewed the effort to produce a valid
machine-readable transcription of the Voynich manuscript. Gabriel
Landini, who lectures at the University of Birmingham's School of
Dentistry, and René Zandbergen, a systems analyst in the German
aerospace industry, are now working to consolidate and reconcile all
the existing transcriptions into one single version; they will then
transcribe the rest of the Voynich text to produce one definitive
computer file from which conclusive statistical results can be
obtained."
- Lev Grossman, "When
Words Fail: The Struggle to Decipher the World's Most Difficult Book",
Lingua franca, April 1999
"Computer analysis of the Voynich Manuscript
has only deepened the mystery. One finding has been that there are
two 'languages' or 'dialects' of Voynichese, which are called
Voynich A and Voynich B. The repetitiousness of the text is obvious
to casual inspection. Entropy is a numerical measure of the
randomness of text. The lower the entropy, the less random and the
more repetitious it is [i.e., aaaaaa]. The entropy of samples of
Voynich text is lower than that of most human languages; only some
Polynesian languages are as low."
"Tests show that Voynich text does not have its low h2 [second
order entropy] measures solely because of a repetitious underlying
text, that is, one that often repeats the same words and phrases.
Tests also show that the low h2 measures are probably not due to an
underlying low-entropy natural language. A verbose cipher, one which
substitutes several ciphertext characters for one plaintext
character [i.e., 'fuf' for the letter 'f'], can produce the entropy
profile of Voynich text."
"The low entropies of the VMs text could be the results of a
writing system that uses several letters for one sound, and from the
paradigms that the majority of words of the text follow. Tests on
known texts show that the "A" and "B" languages
may simply be due to different subject matter, different authors, or
one author over a long period of time."
- Dennis Stallings, "Voynich
mini-FAQ"
"One could devise many character
substitutions with dummy spacing, apply it to a text, and obtain a
new texts that reasonably fits the statistics of the VMS, but that
alone is not a proof of decipherment. At least we now know that it
is possible to simply code a plaintext and explain a reduction of h2
as observed in the Voynich Manuscript. "
- G. Landini, "The
'dain daiin' hypothesis", 9 July 1998
For example, taking a Latin phrase (from the
Vulgate Bible):
in
principio creavit Deus caelum et terram
then substituting " dain " for the letter "n"
and " daiin " for "m", the phrase becomes:
i
dain pri dain cipio creavit deiis caelii daiin et terra daiin
A comparison of the amount of information
contained in each 'word' of the Stars section of the Voynich MS
(using the Curva alphabet) with the words in Genesis chapters 1-25
(Vulgate) and De Bello Gallico (Latin) revealed: "The apparent
words in the Voynich Ms appear to be really words. They are as
varied as the words in Latin texts of a similar length. "The
first and second character of Voynich words (using the Curva
alphabet) have lower entropy than in Latin. The Voynich words
contain more information from the third character onwards (in the
conditional sense). "The word-initial statistics of Voynichese
are matched by one example of an artificial language (which
postdates the VMs by at least one and a half centuries). "The
statistics of Voynichese and a Mandarin text written in the Pinyin
script (using a trailing numerical character to indicate tone) are
very different. "A word game to translate Latin to Voynichese
must:
Increase
predictability of word starts
Make
words shorter
Maintain
the length of the vocabulary."
- René Zandbergen , "From
digraph entropy to word entropy in the Voynich MS"
To access folios now available from the Yale
Digital Library, click here.
Discover the
cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating
universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.
Explanation: The ancient text has no known title, no known author,
and is written in no known language: what does it say and why does it have
many astronomy illustrations? The mysterious
book was once bought by an emperor,
forgotten on a library shelf, sold for thousands of dollars, and later
donated to Yale. Possibly written in the
15th century, the over 200-page volume
is known most recently as the Voynich
Manuscript, after its (re-)discoverer in 1912. Pictured above is an
illustration from the
book that appears to be somehow related to the Sun. The
book labels some patches of the sky with unfamiliar constellations. The
inability of modern historians
of astronomy to understand the origins of these constellations
is perhaps dwarfed by the inability of modern code-breakers to understand
the book's text. The book remains in Yale's
rare book collection under catalog number "MS 408."
This page is under construction. If you have additions or corrections
to suggest, please send me email.Many older items shamelessly taken from Brumbaugh, D'Imperio, Galland,
and Shulmans' bibliographies; more recent ones from traffic on the voynich@rand.org
mailing list and from personal communications from (among many others) Rene
Zandbergen, Gabriel Landini, Denis Mardle, Dennis Stallings, and especially
from Brian Smith.
I include non-fiction works that directly refer to the Voynich MS or to
the life of W. M. Voynich, but exclude general works such as biographies of
John Dee, Roger Bacon, etc, and surveys of such topics as Renaissance
Hermeticism, paleography, etc.
Since this is largely a compilation of others' bibliographies I have not
seen all the items listed, and cannot vouch for their accuracy. (The comment
``not seen'' means ``not seen by me.'')
Including samizdat items. Items with WFF numbers are in the William F.
Friedman collection of the George Marshall Library in Lexington, Virginia.
``The Voynich ``Roger Bacon'' Cipher Manuscript.'' Beinecke Rare Book
Library, Yale University: MS 408. Supplementary material in folders and
boxes labelled A - N.
Positive photocopies of ff. 1-56 of Voynich MS. British Library MS
Facs 461.
Positive photocopies of miscellaneous folios of Voynich MS, misc. VMS
correspondence of R. Steele, 1921, and misc. VMS articles. (Contains:
68r1/68r2, 65v/66r, 78v/79r, 107v/108r, 108v/111r, 111v/112r, 112v/113r,
1r, and 116v. Correspondence includes letters to Steele from W. Voynich,
W. Newbold, and from A. W. Pollard. Articles include: clipping from Morning
Post newpaper, 26.9.21, ``Astrological Anagrams: the Diary of Roger
Bacon,'' clipping from Daily Chronicle newspaper, n.d., ``Key to
Cypher in historic MS. / America's new light on Roger Bacon / 600 years'
mystery,'' pencilled draft of article by Steele, photostat of typed
lecture notes by Newbold (?), copy of J. Manly's Harper's
article, copy of Louis Cons 4 Feb 1922 article.) British Library MS Facs
439.
Brumbaugh, Robert S. Letter to Louis Kruh, 17 October 1978. In Kruh
collection.
Brumbaugh, Robert S. ``Voynich Newsletter.'' Various issues: February
1978, 6 page typescript. November 1978, 7 page typescript. January 1980,
7 page typescript. [In Kruh collection.]
Carter, Albert H. ``Some Impressions of the Voynich Manuscript.''
Unpublished notes, 10 September 1946. WFF 1614.
Carton, Raoul. ``The Cipher of Roger Bacon.'' 55 page typescript,
translated from French by E. L. Voynich. In N.Y. Academy of Medicine
Library. 1930. [Not seen.]
Currier, Prescott. ``Voynich MS Transcription Alphabet; Plans for
Computer Studies; Transcribed text of herbal A and B Material; Notes and
Observations.'' Unpublished communications to John H. Tiltman and M.
D'Imperio. Darimascotta, Maine. [Not seen.]
D'Imperio, M. E. ``Structure of Voynich Text Groups: A Statistical
Model.'' 2 page typescript, 1978.
D'Imperio, M. E. ``An Application of Cluster Analysis and Multiple
Scaling to the Question of `Hands' and `Languages' in the Voynich
Manuscript.'' 28 January 1992. [Confirms Currier's findings. Not seen;
in Gillogly collection. From abstract: ``This paper is an extensively
revised and updated version of an earlier paper in an in-house technical
journal, dated 20 June 1978. It includes corrected and expanded data
sets.'']
D'Imperio, M. E. ``Some Ideas on the Construction of the Voynich
Script.'' 3 page typescript, January 1992.
D'Imperio, M. E. ``Odd Repetitions or Near Repetitions in the Text.''
January 1992.
Firth, Robert. ``Notes on the Voynich Manuscript.'' Numbered series of
essays: 1-24, 1991-1995.
Friedman, William F. Two ``First Study Group'' transcription alphabet
sheets. WFF 1609.1.
Friedman, William F. ``First Study Group'' transcription alphabet
sheet. WFF 1609.2.
Friedman, William F., Mark Rhoads, et al. Minutes of the ``Voynich
Manuscript Research Group,'' 1944-45. National Cryptologic Museum, VF
10-8.
Friedman, William F., et al. Printout of transcription, onto 131
printout sheets, ca. 1944-46. WFF 1609.
Friedman, William F., et al. Printout of partial transcription, ca.
1944-46 Unnumbered item in Friedman Collection.
Friedman, William F., et al. Printout of partial transcription, ca.
1944-46. Unnumbered item in NSA Historical Records Collection.
Friedman, William F., et al. Printout of partial transcription, Second
Study Group, ca. 1963. WFF 1609.3 [Close to illegible.]
Friedman, William F., et al. Correspondence with RCA Corp. about
activities of ``Second Study Group,'' 1963. WFF 1609.4.
Guy, Jacques B. M. ``The distribution of letters c and o in the
Voynich Manuscript: Evidence for a real language?'' April 1994.
Krischer, Jeffrey P. The Voynich Manuscript Harvard University
term paper, 1969. [Once, but no longer, listed in Gordon McKay Library
catalogue.]
Panofsky, Erwin. ``Answers to Questions for Prof. E. Panofsky.''
Letter to William F. Friedman, March 19, 1954. Correspondence between
Friedman, Panofsky, and J. v. Neumann. Letters from Richard Salomon to
Erwin Panofsky and Gertrud Bing. WFF 1614.
Petersen, Theodore C. ``Notes to Mr. Tiltman's [1951] Observations on
the Voynich Cipher MS.'' Unpublished. 23 April 1953.
Petersen, Theodore C. Hand Transcript and Concordance of the Voynich
Manuscript and Other Working Papers. In the Friedman Collection, George
Marshall Library, Lexington, Virginia.
Puckett, Frances M. Partial transcription of ff.111v-114r, in WFF
1613.
Strong, Leonell C. Collection of letters, notebook entries, and
worksheets. In a private collection.
Tiltman, John. ``Interim Report on the Voynich MS.'' Personal
communication to William F. Friedman, 5 May 1951. 2 page typescript. In
NSA Historical Records Collection. Copy in WFF 1615.13.
Tiltman, John. Partial transcription, 1951. In NSA Historical Records
Collection.
Tiltman, John. Biography of T. C. Petersen. WFF 1615.
Tiltman, John. ``The Voynich MS'' Script of an address presented at
the Baltimore Bibliophiles. 4 March 1951. [Not seen; date looks wrong.
Cited by D'Imperio. Almost certainly the 1967 Baltimore Bibliophiles
address.]
Voynich, Wilfrid; Voynich, Ethel, and Nill, A. M. Notes concerning the
history of the cipher manuscript. Voynich Archives, Library of the
Grollier Club of New York, 1917-196?. [Not seen, unless identical with
Beinecke MS 408 B.]
Altick, Richard D. The Scholar Adventurers. New York: The Free
Press, 1966. [First ed. in 1950. Has discussion of VMS and Manly's
refutation on pp.200-206.]
``Antique Books Worth $500,000.'' Chicago Sunday Tribune. 10
Oct 1915, sec II, p 1, col 5. [Exhibit of WMV's books at the Art
Institute of Chicago. A few paragraphs describe the VMS. ``The
manuscript is from the hand of Roger Bacon...was bought by Emperor
Rudolf...and at the end of the sixteenth century passed into the hands
of King Ferdinand of Bohemia.'' Not seen.]
``Art Works Worth $1,500,000 Arrive to Escape War.'' Chicago Daily
Tribune. 9 Oct 1915, p 1, Col 2. [Exhibit of WMV's books at the Art
Institute of Chicago which includes ``a work by Roger Bacon in cipher to
which the key has never been discovered.'' Not seen.]
Ashbrook, Joseph. ``Roger Bacon and the Voynich Manuscript'' Sky
and Telescope, April, 1966, pp.218-219. [Debunks Newbold.]
Michael Barlow. Review of Levitov. Cryptologia12(1988).
Barthelemy, Pierre. ``L'indéchiffrable manuscrit Voynich résiste
toujours au décryptage'' Le Monde. 20 December 2000. [Two page
summary of position, similar to Grossman's article in flavor, but
shorter. Quotes Guy and Reeds.]
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. The Beinecke Rare Book
and Manuscript Library: a guide to its collections. New Haven: Yale
University Library, 1994. [Not seen. Short description and picture of
39v.]
Bennett, William Ralph Scientific and Engineering Problem Solving
with the Computer Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1976. [Contains a
chapter on VMS.]
Bird, J. Malcom. ``The Roger Bacon Manuscript: Investigation into its
History, and the Efforts to Decipher it.'' Scientific American
Monthly 3(June 1921): 492-96.
Blunt, Wilfrid and Sandra Raphael. The Illustrated Herbal,
London: Thames and Hudson, in association with the Metropolitan Museum
of Art. 1979. [Discussion of VMS, with several good illustrations of VMS
leaves.]
Booklist. Review of Brumbaugh's Most Mysterious Manuscript. 74
(1 July 1978) p 1647. [Single paragraph summary. Not seen.]
Boston Transcript. Review of Newbold's Cipher of Roger Bacon.
30 June 1928, p 2. [Not seen, item taken from index.]
Brooke, Tucker. ``Doctor mirabilis.'' Yale Review 19
(1929) p.207-8. [Review of Newbold. Not seen.]
Brumbaugh, Robert S. The World's Most Mysterious Manuscript.
Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1978. London: Weidenfeld
and Nicholson, 1977. [Survey of scholarship; advances own theory of 16th
century hoax. Many wretched illustrations.
Brumbaugh, R. S. ``Botany and the Voynich `Roger Bacon' Manuscript
Once More.'' Speculum 49(1974), 546-48.
Brumbaugh, R. S. ``The Solution of the Voynich `Roger Bacon' Cipher.''
Yale Library Gazette 49(1975): 347-55.
Brumbaugh, R. S. ``The Voynich `Roger Bacon' Cipher Manuscript:
Deciphered Maps of Stars.'' Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld
Institutes 39(1976): 139-50.
Bull. Art Inst. Chicago IX (1915) p.100. [Not seen.]
Carton, Raoul. ``Le Chiffre de Roger Bacon.'' Révue d'Histoire de
la Philosophie 3 (1929): pp.31-66, 165-79. [Not seen.]
Casanova, Antoine, Méthodes d'analyse du langage crypte: une
contribution a l'étude du manuscrit de Voynich: These pour obtenir le
grade de Docteur de l'Universite Paris 8. March 19, 1999.
Contient des images noirs-et-blancs de f77v, f33v, f79v, f69r, f34r,
f105v, et f105r. Discute les idees des etudiant du Manuscrit, des
membres actuels du e-mail liste Voynich y inclus.
Child, James R. ``The Voynich Manuscript Revisited.'' NSA Technical
journal 21 (1976): pp.1-4. [Norse.]
Choice. Review of Brumbaugh's Most Mysterious Manuscript. 15
(October 1978): p.1080. [Single paragraph summary. Not seen.]
Cons, Louis. ``Un manuscrit mystérieux: Un traité scientifique du
treizième siècle, attribué a Roger Bacon.'' L'Illustration 159
(Number 4118, 4 Feb 1922) p. 112. [Copy in BL Facs 439.]
Cons, Louis. ``Newbold's Trail.'' [Review of Newbold.] Saturday
Review of Literature 5 (Oct. 27, 1928), p.292. [Not seen.]
``Cipher Debunked but not Decoded.'' New York Times, Tuesday, 6
May 1975, sec 2, p.37, cols. 7-8.
Corrales, Scot. ``The Books of the Damned: Fact or Fiction?'' FATE
July, 2000. [Not seen. Rehash selection from Brumbaugh and D'Imperio.
Good color image of f.78r; mentions Landini and Zandbergen.]
D'Imperio, M. E. ``The Voynich Manuscript: A Scholarly Mystery.'' Manuscripts.
29,2 (Spring 1977), pp.85-93. 29,3 (Summer 1977),
pp.161-173. 30,1 (Winter 1978), pp.34-48. [Not seen. Three part
article. Parts about physical history of the manuscript, about attempts
at decipherment, and about Brumbaugh's, Currier's, and Child's work,
respectively.]
D'Imperio, M. E. ``An Application of Cluster Analysis and
Multidimensional Scaling to the Question of ``Hands'' and ``Languages''
in the Voynich Manuscript.'' National Security Agency Technical
Journal. 23, 3 (Summer 1978), pp. 59-75. [Unclassified
article. Confirms Currier's findings.]
D'Imperio, M. E. ``An Application of PTAH to the Voynich Manuscript.''
National Security Agency Technical Journal. 24, 2 (Spring
1979), pp. 65-91. [Only seen in abridged ``redacted'' form, with
occasional secret passages obliterated. Hidden Markov models fitted to
Voynich text. Author's conclusions: ``(1) The plain text directly
underlying the Voynich text is probably not a natural language written
in an alphabet, like English or Latin. (2) The Voynich text probably
does not involve any form of simple substitution or alphabetic plain
text like English or Latin. (3) The Voynich text does not directly
represent a variably spelled or `impressionistic' approximation of a
natural language like English or Latin, as claimed by Brumbaugh. (4) The
words of the Voynich text do not appear to act like code groups in a
known code which includes groups for grammatical endings.'']
D'Imperio, M. E. The Voynich Manuscript--An Elegant Enigma.
National Security Agency, 1978. Aegean Park Press, 1978?
D'Imperio, M. E., editor. New Research on the Voynich Manuscript:
Proceedings of a Seminar Washington, D.C.: Privately printed
pamphlet, 30 November 1976.
Partial contents:
James Child. A Linguistic Approach to the Voynich Text.
Capt. Prescott Currier. Some Important New Statistical Findings.
Dr. Sydney Fairbanks. Suggestions Toward a Decipherment of the
``Key.''
M. E. D'Imperio. The Solution Claim of Dr. Robert S. Brumbaugh.
Capt. Prescott Currier. Further Details of New Statistical
Findings.
Capt. Prescott Currier. The Voynich Manuscript, Some Notes and
Observations.
Stuart H. Buck. What Constitutes Proof?
Drucker, Johanna. The Alphabetic Labyrinth New York: Thames and
Hudson, 1995.
Ephron, H. (Pseud. ``DENDAI'') ``A burning question in re the Voynich
MS (slightly revised).'' The Cryptogram. 43(1977).
March-April, pp.22,46-48; May-June,pp.49,51-52,72. [Discussion; suggests
G. Bruno is author.]
Feely, Joseph M. Roger Bacon's Cipher: The Right Key Found
Rochester, NY., 1943. [Not seen.]
Friedman, W. F., and E. S. Friedman. ``Acrostics, Anagrams, and
Chaucer.'' Philological Quarterly 38(1959), pp.1-20.
Friedman, Elizebeth S. `` `The Most Mysterious Manuscript' Still an
Enigma.'' The Washington Post, 5 August 1962, sec. E, pp. 1,5.
Garland, Herbert. ``The Mystery of the Roger Bacon Cipher MS.'' Bookman's
Journal and Print Collector (London) 5, (October 1921),
pp.11-16. [Not seen.]
Garland, Herbert. ``Notes on the Firm of W. M. Voynich.'' Library
World. 34 (April 1932) pp.225-8. [Mostly biography of Voynich
but includes paragraph on VMS and picture of lower half of 78v. Not
seen.]
Garland, Herbert. ``A Literary Puzzle Solved?'' Illustrated London
News 160, (20 May 1922), pp.740-742. [Not seen.]
Gilson, Étienne. (Review of Newbold's The Cipher of Roger Bacon.)
Révue critique d'histoire et de littérature (Paris) 62
(August 1928) pp.378-383. [Not seen.]
Grossman, Lev. ``When words fail: The struggle to decipher the world's
most difficult book.'' Lingua Franca 9, No. 3 (April,
1999), pp. 9-15. [Current status of problem, reports interviews with
Landini, Reeds and Zandbergen. Illustrations of VMS pages and portraits
of Voynich, Newbold, and Brumbaugh.]
Guy, J. B. M. ``Voynich Revisited.'' Letter to the editor. Cryptologia,
15(1991), pp.161-166. [Rebuts Barlow's speculation that Voynich
faked it.]
Guy, J. B. M. Statistical Properties of Two Folios of the Voynich
Manuscript. Cryptologia, 15(1991), pp.207-218. [Applies
Sukhotin's vowel-finding algorithm to VMS text.]
Guzman, Gregory S. Review of Brumbaugh's ``Most Mysterious
Manuscript.'' Historian 42 (November 1979) p 120-1.
[Uncritical summary. Not seen.]
Harnisch, Larry (Pseud. ``AR-MYR''), ``The Voynich Manuscript.'' The
Cryptogram. 43(1976) May-June,pp.45,62-63; July-August,
pp.69,74-77.
James, Peter J. and Nick Thorpe. Ancient Inventions. New York :
Ballantine Books, 1994. [Not seen. Said to have a VMS illustration near
p.511.]
Jay, Mike. ``Maze of madness.'' Fortean Times (UK) Jan., 2000
(= issue 130). [Not seen. A few illustrations, fair summary of problem.
Publisher's web page blurb: ``MIKE JAY investigates the Voynich
Manuscript. An nigmatic fraud or the world's most enigmatic code?'']
The Hartford Courant newspaper of Hartford, Connecticut. ``The
Mystery of Manuscript 408.'' October 12, 1999. [Includes color images of
several folios. Quotes Bennett and Reeds.]
Johnson, Charles. Review of Newbold's ``Cipher of Roger Bacon.'' English
Historical Review 44 (Oct 1929) pp. 677-8. [Critical of
Newbold, guesses 15c Italian source for VMS. Not seen.]
Kahn, David. ``The Secret Book.'' Newsday. 26 June 1962.
Kahn, David. The Codebreakers. New York: Macmillan, 1967.
[Discussion on pp.863-872, 1120-1121.]
Kent, Roland G. ``Deciphers Roger Bacon Manuscripts.'' Pennsylvania
Gazette. 19 (May 27, 1921) pp.851-853. [``Official'' summary
of Newbold's work from his credulous colleague. Includes photo of f67r1.
Not seen.]
Knox, Sanka. ``700-Year-Old Book For Sale; Contents, In Code, Still
Mystery.'' New York Times, 18 July 1962, p 27, col 2. [Kraus
auction. Includes picture of 85/86r4. Not seen.]
Kraus, H. P. A rare book saga -- The autobiography of H. P. Kraus.
New York: Putnam's, 1978.
Kraus, H. P. Catalogue 100. Thirty-five manuscripts: including the
St. Blasien psalter, the Llangattock hours, the Gotha missal, the Roger
Bacon (Voynich) cipher ms. New York: H.P. Kraus, 1962. [Beautiful
reproductions of several leaves of VMS.]
Kruml, Milan. ``Voynicuv rukopis.'' Mlady svet. 1995,
no. 35, 24 August 1995. Prague. [Seen in electronic form: http://cech.cesnet.cz/htbin/encode/MS/texts/MS953500.html.
Odd survey in a childrens' magazine.]
Landini, G., and R. Zandbergen. ``A Well-kept Secret of Medieval
Science: the Voynich Manuscript.'' Aesculapius. No. 18, July
1998, pp. 77-82. [Survey of the problem; discussion of statistics of the
EVA transcription, Zipf's law, etc.]
Levitov, Leo. Solution of the Voynich Manuscript: A Liturgical
Manual for the Endura Rite of the Cathari Heresy, the Cult of Isis.
Laguna Hills, California: Aegean Park Press, 1987.
Liebert, Herman W. ``The Beinecke Library Accessions 1969.'' Yale
Library Gazette, 44 (April 1970). [Not seen. Describes
Kraus's gift of VMS on pp.192-3.]
``Lovecraft and the Voynich Manuscript.'' INFO Journal, #48
[ca. 1984]. [The International Fortean Organization's INFO Journal. Not
seen.]
Dr. R. Loeser. ``Roger Bacons Chiffremanuskript.'' Die Umschau.
26 (1922), pp.115-117.
Manly, John M. [?]. ``Roger Bacon's Cypher manuscript.'' American[?]
Review of Reviews 64 (July 1921) pp.105-6. [Not seen.]
Manly, John M.. ``The Most Mysterous Manuscript in the World.'' Harper's
Monthly Magazine 143(July?, 1921): 186-97. [Not seen. Title
uncertain.]
Manly, John M. ``Roger Bacon and the Voynich Manuscript.'' Speculum
6 (July 1931): 345-91. [Refutes Newbold.]
Massie, Mitford C. The Roger Bacon or R. R. Dee Chess-Code.
Press of Fremont Payne, Inc, 1934. [Not seen. Not about the VMS,
according to Brian Smith.]
McKaig, Betty. ``The Voynich Manuscript--Cipher of the Secret Book.''
(Interview with Leonell Strong). North County Independent, Oct.
7, 1970. Reprinted courtesy Independent Newspapers, Inc., San Diego,
California. [Not seen.]
McKenna, Terence K. The Archaic Revival: speculations on
psychedelic mushrooms, the Amazon, virtual reality, UFOs, evolution,
Shamanism, the rebirth of the goddess, and the end of history. San
Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1991. [Not seen.]
McKenna, Terence K. ``Has the World's Most Mysterious Manuscript Been
Read at Last?'' Gnosis Magazine, 7 (Summer 1988) pp.48-51.
[Mildly favorable review of Levitov.]
McKeon, Richard. ``Roger Bacon.'' [Review of Newbold.] The Nation
127 (August 29, 1928) pp.205-6. [Review of Newbold.]
Moses, Montrose J. ``A Cinderella on Parchment: The Romance of the New
600 Year-Old Bacon Manuscript.'' Hearst's International 1921,
pp.16-17, 75. [Not seen.]
Newbold, William Romaine. The Cipher of Roger Bacon, edited
with foreword and notes by Roland Grubb Kent. Philadelphia: University
of Pennsylvania Press; London, H. Milford, Oxford University Press,
1928.
Newbold, William R. ``The Cipher of Roger Bacon.'' Proceedings of
the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Philadelphia, pp 431-74.
Philadephia, 1921. Read April 20, 1921.
New York Times. 26 Mar 1921, p 6, col 1. 27 Mar 1921, sec II, p
1, col 1. 21 Apr 1921, p 3, col 1. 22 Apr 1921, p 13, col 1. [Not seen.
All on Newbold's findings.]
New York Times. ``Roger Bacon's Formula Yields Copper Salts,
Proving Newbold Secret Cipher Translation.'' 2 Dec 1926, p 5, col 4 with
follow-up articles 3 Dec, p 22, col 4 and12 Dec, sec XX, p 12, col 6.
[Not seen. More Newboldism.]
New York Times. ``Will Orders Sale of Bacon Cipher.'' 15 Apr
1930, p 40, col 1. [Not seen. About Voynich's will.]
New York Times. ``Cipher Debunked But Not Decoded.'' 6 May
1975, p 41, col 7. [About Brumbaugh's Yale Library Gazette decipherment
and general background. Includes picture of 33v. Not seen.]
Newsom, Eugene. A Split in the Mystery Curtain. Pampflet. 20
pages. 1995. [Tommaso Campanella wrote it.]
O'Neill, Hugh. ``Botanical Remarks on the Voynich MS.'' Speculum
19 (1944): 126.
OPollak, Michael. ``Can't Read It? You Can Look at the Pictures.'' New
York Times. 16 Sept. 1999, p. G11.
Poundstone, William. Labyrinths of Reason. New York: Doubleday,
1988.
Pratt, Fletcher. Secret and Urgent. New York: Bobbs Merrill,
1939. [Discussion of VMS on pp.30-38.]
Publishers' Weekly. ``Kraus Marks Anniversary With Catalog of
Treasures.'' 181 (25 June 1962) pp. 39-40. [Kraus auction with a
single paragraph about VMS. Not seen.]
Jim Reeds. ``William F. Friedman's Transcription of the Voynich
Manuscript.'' Cryptologia 19 (1995) pp.1-23.
Review of ``The Cipher of Roger Bacon (Newbold)'' Quarterly Review
of Biology (Baltimore, Md.) 3 (December, 1928) pp.595-596.
[Not seen.]
Seymour De Ricci. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Mss in the
United States and Canada. 1937 (Kraus reprint, 1961). 2 vols. [Not
seen. VMS: v.2, pp.1845-1847.]
``The Roger Bacon Manuscript.'' Scientific American 124 (May
7, 1921) p.362.
``The Roger Bacon Manuscript: What It Looks Like, and a Discussion of
the Possibilities of Decipherment'' Scientific American 124 n.22
(May 28, 1921) p.421[?], 432, 439, 440.
Roberts, R. J. and Andrew G. Watson, eds. John Dee's Library
Catalogue. London: The Bibliographical Society, 1990. [Claim the
folio numbers in the VMS are by John Dee's hand.]
Jose Ruysschaert. Codices Vaticani Latini 11414 - 11709. Bibliotheca
Apostolica Vaticana, 1959. [Not seen. Describes the MSs acquired by the
Vatican from the Collegium Romanum, and mentions that W. Voynich bought
a number of them which have been transferred to various American
libraries, including the VMS.]
Salomon, Richard. Review of Manly's Critique of Newbold's
Decipherment. Bibliotek Warburg, Kulturwissenschaftliche
Bibliographie zum Nachleben der Antike 1 (1934),p.96. [Not
seen.]
Sarton, George. Review of Manly's Critique of Newbold's Decipherment. Isis
4 (October 1921) p 404. [Short support of Manly. Not seen.]
Sarton, George. Review of Newbold's Cipher of Roger Bacon. Isis 11
(1928) pp. 141-5. [Critical of Newbold's decipherment, even more so of
those who were taken in by it. Not seen.]
Schaefer, Bradley E. The Most Mysterious Astronomical Manuscript:
Baffled researchers are looking for astronomical clues to help decipher
a medieval manuscript. Sky & Telescope 100, 5
(November, 2000). [Emphasizes the astronomical and astrological aspects
of the VMS. Nice reproductions of all the existing Zodiac pages.]
Sebastian, Wencelas. ``The Voynich manuscript; its history and
cipher.'' Nos Cahiers,Montreal, 2(1937), pp.47-69. [Not
seen.]
The Secular Spirit: Life and Art at the End of the Middle Ages.
Exhib. cat. (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1975) p.203 (with
illus.) and color pl. 9. [Not seen.]
Seymour, Ian. ``Thirteenth Century Magic Glass.'' Astronomy Now.
June 1992. p.59. [Thinks Bacon saw spiral in M31.]
Shailor, Barbara A. Catalog of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts
in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. Binghamton, NY:
Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1984. [Not seen. Volume
2 said to contain a nice description and history of the MS and
associated materials at Yale and a plate of 100r.]
Shailor, Barbara A. The medieval book. (Medieval Academy
Reprints for Teaching, 28). Toronto: University of Toronto Press in
association with the Medieval Academy of America, 1991. [Brief mention
of VMS on p.105.]
Shepherdson, Nancy ``Mystery codes.'' Boys' Life. November
1997. 87, no. 11, p.42. [Not seen.]
Shuker, Dr. Karl P. N. The Unexplained: an Illustrated Guide to the
World's Natural and Paranormal Mysteries Carlton Books Ltd. c1996.
ISBN 1-85868-186-3 [Not seen. Has color photographs of f16v, f17r, and a
closeup of a flower on f16v.]
Smyth, Frank. ``A script full of secrets.'' The Unexplained, no
date [1982?], pp. 1381-1385. [Not seen.]
Smyth, Frank. ``The uncrackable code.'' The Unexplained, no
date [1982?], pp. 1418-1420. [Not seen. Both Smyth papers well written
and illustrated, according to Denis Mardle.]
Smyth, Frank. ``A script full of secrets'' and ``The uncrackable
code,'' reprinted in Mysteries of Mind, Space & Time: The
Unexplained, pp. 3062-3069. Westport, Connecticut: H. S. Stuttman,
Inc., 1992. [Originally published in The Unexplained in the UK.
Has color images of f16v, f17r, f33v, f34r, f68r1, f69r, the bottom six
of the nine rosettes in f85/86, f83v, f84r, and a detail of f78r.]
Sowerby, E. M. Rare People & Rare Books. Constable, 1967;
Williamsburg: The Bookpress, 1987. [Contains reminiscences, biographical
details, and a photograph of W. M. Voynich.]
Steele, Robert. ``Luru Vopo Vir Can Utriet.'' Nature 121 (11
Feb. 1928), pp.208-9. [About Bacon ``gunpowder cipher,'' not VMS.]
Steele, Robert. ``Science in medieval Cipher.'' Nature 122 (13
October 1928), pp.563-65. [Acerbic review of Newbold.]
Stojko, John. Letters to God's Eye: The Voynich Manuscript for the
first time deciphered and translated into English New York: Vantage
Press, 1978. [Non Cathari sed Khazari.]
Stojko, John; edited by Dovhich, Vitality. Poslannya Oriyan
Khozapam: Pam'yatka Drevn'oyi Ukrayins'koyi Movy i Publytsystyky ``Rukopys
Voyinycha''. Pershe Ukrayins'ke Vydannya. Vypushcheno Koshtom
Ahentstva ``Tak'spravy''. Kyjiv 7503. (c)Indoyevropa, 1995. (Epistles
from Ora's Camp to the Khozars: A Memoir of the Ancient Ukrainian Tongue
and Writing: ``The Voynich Manuscript''. First Ukrainian Edition.
Released (on authority) of the agency ``From the Right.'' Kiev (issue
number) 7503. Copyright Indoyevropa, 1995.) [Unauthorized 29 page
abridged translation, augmented with modern Ukrainian version of
Stojko's decipherements.]
Stokley, James. ``Did Roger Bacon Have a Telescope?'' Science News
Letter 14 (Sept. 1, 1928), pp.125-26, 133-34. [Not seen.]
Strong, Leonell C. ``Anthony Askham, the author of the Voynich
Manuscript.'' Science, n.s. 101 (15 June 1945): 608-9.
[Folio f78, put into English: ``When skuge uf tun'c-bag rip, seo oogon
kum sli of se mosure-issue ped-stans sku-bent, stokked kimbo-elbow
crawknot.'']
Strong, Leonell C. and McCawley, E. L. ``A Verification of a Hitherto
Unknown Prescription of the 16th Century.'' Bulletin of the History
of Medicine (Baltimore, Md.) 21(November-December 1947),
pp.898-904. [On f93: ``I up a bol koten wet with oil spindl, compound
honei, a pine recin spagges gains piler ose firm, err-stirt. Wanne orgie
ebb, so koten bee remov'd.'']
Sunday Times (London). 24 Apr 1921, p.15. [Not seen. Presumably
about Newbold.]
Theroux, Michael. ``Deciphering `The Most Mysterious Manuscript in the
World' The Final Word?'' Borderlands 50(1994), pp.36-43.
[Believes Newbold was right.]
Thorndike, Lynn. Review of Newbold's Cipher of Roger Bacon. American
Historical Review, 34(1929): 317-19[318?]. [Not seen.]
Tiltman, John. The Voynich Manuscript: ``The most mysterious
manuscript in the world.'' Baltimore: Baltimore Bibliophiles, 1967.
[Not seen. Unclear what relation it has to following entry.]
Tiltman, John. ``The Voynich Manuscript, `The Most Mysterious
Manuscript in the World.' '' NSA Technical Journal 12(July
1967) pp.41-85. [Similar in outline to D'Imperio's book, but leaner.
Many poorly reproduced illustrations.]
Times [Newspaper of London]. ``The Voynich Collection of
Unknown Books.'' 23 Jul 1906, p 4 col 6. [Puff piece for WMV; not seen.]
Times [Newspaper of London]. ``Books not in the British Museum
Sale.'' 19 Oct 1907, p 7 col 3. [Puff piece for WMV; not seen.]
Times [Newspaper of London]. ``Catalog of Prints and Rare
Books.'' 8 Jul 1913, p 15 col 4. [Puff piece for WMV; not seen.]
Times [Newspaper of London]. ``Export of English Furniture and
Pictures.'' 24 Feb 1916, p 11 col 5. [Mentions WMV's success in
exporting books to America. Not seen.]
Times [Newspaper of London]. ``Cathedral Library Thefts: Old
Volumes Traced.'' 11 May 1916, p 4 col 1. [Disputed ownership of book in
WMV's possession. Not seen.]
Times [Newspaper of London]. ``Mr. W. M. Voynich.'' 22 Mar
1930, p 17 col 2; 25 Mar p 21 col 2; 26 Mar p 18 col 4. [Obituary. Not
seen.]
Toresella, Sergio. ``Gli erbari degli alchimisti.'' [Alchemical
herbals.] In Arte farmaceutica e piante medicinali -- erbari, vasi,
strumenti e testi dalle raccolte liguri, [Pharmaceutical art and
medicinal plants -- herbals, jars, instruments and texts of the Ligurian
collections.] Liana Saginati, ed. Pisa: Pacini Editore, 1996, pp.31-70.
[Profusely illustrated. Fits the VMS into an ``alchemical herbal''
tradition.]
Von Schleinitz, Otto. ``Die Bibliophilen W. M. Voynich.'' Zeitschrift
fur Bucherfreunde, 10 (1906/7) pp.481-7. [Not seen. Contains
information about Voynich's life.]
Voynich, Wilfrid M. ``A Preliminary Sketch of the History of the Roger
Bacon Cipher Manuscript.'' Proceedings of the College of Physicians
and Surgeons of Philadelphia, pp.415-30, Philadelphia, 1921. Read 20
April 1921.
``Voynich Manuscript. Botanical Clue, Evidence indicating Roger Bacon
could not have written the Voynich manuscript...'' Science News
Letter July 29, 1944, p.69. [O'Neill's sunflower.]
``Voynich Manuscript Translated.'' INFO Journal, #56
[ca. 1988.] [The International Fortean Organization's INFO Journal. Not
seen.]
Peter Way. Codes and Ciphers. London: Aldus, 1974. [Perfunctory
discussion, wretched illustrations.]
Weekly World News [Newspaper] Mar. 7, 2000, pp.4-7. [Not seen.
Interview with Mike Jay, author of VMS article in Fortean Times.]
Werner, Alfred. ``The Most Mysterious Manuscript.'' Horizon,
5(January,
1963), pp.4-9.
Westacott, E. Roger Bacon in Life and Legend. New York:
[Publisher?], 1953. [Not seen; has chapter on ``The Cipher of Roger
Bacon.'']
Wickware, Francis Sill. ``The Secret Language of War.'' Life 19
(26 November 1945) pp. 63-70. [Only one sentence mentions the VMS,
calling it ``possibly the only unbreakable code'' which provoked Strong
to write an angry letter to the editor. Not seen.]
Williams, Robert L. ``A Note on the Voynich Manuscript.'' Cryptologia,
23 (October, 1999), pp. 305-309. [Author thinks the initial
letter distribution is like that of Greek, but speculates the text is
meaningless.]
Wilson, Colin. The encyclopedia of unsolved mysteries. Chicago:
Contemporary Books, 1988. [Not seen.]
``The World's Most Baffling Manuscript.'' Parade Magazine. Feb.
21, 1982.
Wrixon, Fred B. Codes, Ciphers, and Other Cryptic and Clandestine
Communication, New York: Black Dog and Leventhal, c1998. [Not seen.
A brief summary. Has a drawing of f100r.]
Zandonella, Catherine. ``Book of riddles.'' >New Scientist
17 November 2001, 36-39. [Serious. More concise than Grossman; quotes
Stolfi, Landini, Zandbergen and Guy.]
Zimansky, Curt A. ``William F. Friedman and the Voynich Manuscript.'' Philological
Quarterly 49(1970): 433-42.
A possible explanation for the world's most enigmatic book
Worth
600 ducats of anybody's money!
THE Voynich manuscript, once owned by Emperor Rudolph II in 16th-century
Bohemia, is filled with drawings of fantastic plants, zodiacal symbols and
naked ladies. Far more intriguing than its illustrations, however, is the
accompanying text: 234 pages of beautifully formed, yet completely
unintelligible script.
Modern scholars have pored over the book since 1912, when Wilfrid Voynich,
an American antiquarian, bought the manuscript and started circulating
copies in the hope of having it translated. Some 90 years later, the book
still defies deciphering. It now resides at Yale University.
The manuscript is written in “Voynichese”, which consists of strange
characters, some of which look like normal Latin letters and Roman numerals.
Some analysts have suggested that Voynichese is a modified form of Chinese.
Others think it may be Ukrainian with the vowels taken out. But Voynichese
words do not resemble those of any known language. Nor is the text a simple
transliteration into fanciful symbols: the internal structure of Voynichese
words, and how they fit together in sentences, is unlike patterns seen in
other languages.
Another possibility is that the text is written in code. But the best
efforts of cryptographers over the past 30 years have failed to crack it.
This resilience is unusual, given that other ciphers from the period have
yielded their secrets.
On the other hand, the text could just be gibberish and the book—which
may have been passed off to Emperor Rudolph as the work of Roger Bacon, a
13th-century natural philosopher, in exchange for the princely sum of 600
gold ducats—a grand hoax. But Gabriel Landini, a Voynichese enthusiast at
the University of Birmingham, in England, argues against this theory. Given
the complex structure of Voynichese words, writing hundreds of pages of
internally consistent gibberish would be a tough task for a fraudster to
pull off.
But perhaps not an impossible one. Gordon Rugg, a computer scientist at
Keele University, in England, thinks he may be one step closer to an
explanation of how the text might have been created. In a paper published in
the January issue of Cryptologia, he uses low-tech 16th-century
methods, rather than 20th-century computing, to generate text resembling
that in the book.
If the Voynich manuscript is a fraud, then one plausible suspect is
Edward Kelley, an Elizabethan con-artist. So Dr Rugg borrowed one of
Kelley's techniques. He used a grid of 40 rows and 39 columns to create a
table which he filled in with Voynichese syllables. He then placed a
grille—a piece of cardboard with three squares cut out in a diagonal
pattern—on top of the table, and started forming words by reading off the
syllables as he moved the grille across columns and down rows. The result
was words with the same internal patterns as Voynichese. Dr Rugg and his
team are now writing software to create dozens of tables and grilles in an
attempt to reproduce other linguistic patterns in the manuscript. If their
findings hold up, it would mean that the regularity of Voynichese is no
longer an argument against the manuscript being an elaborate hoax.
Of course, this does not prove that the manuscript is nonsense—an
impossible thing to demonstrate, in any case, since failure to find meaning
in the text does not make it meaningless, but simply beyond current methods
of decoding. Indeed, Dr Landini believes that the Voynich manuscript might
yet yield to massive computing power. If it does, most people expect to find
a work of modest historical interest, rather than the secret of life. As
with most puzzles, the thrill of solution lies in the process, rather than
the product.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This page is not on the web. Bookmark it or print it out if you think you
might want to study it.
Copyright
Crichton E M Miller
Dragon
or Serpent Norwegian Church, Copyright Harald M Boehlk
Copyright Crichton E M Miller
In 1912, the antiquarian book dealer Wilfrid M. Voynich bought a
number of mediaeval manuscripts from an undisclosed location in
Europe. Among these was an illustrated manuscript codex of 234
pages, written in an unknown script.
Attached to the manuscript was a letter in Latin dated 1666 from Johannes
Marcus Marci of Kronland, once rector of the Charles University of Prague,
to the learned Jesuit Athanasius Kircher in Rome, offering the manuscript
for decryption and mentioning that it had once been bought by Emperor Rudolf
II of Bohemia (1552-1612) for 600 gold ducats. The letter further mentioned
that it was believed that the author of the MS was Roger Bacon (the
Franciscan friar who lived from 1214 to 1294).
![[01]](voynich.jpg)
![[01]](voynich2.jpg)
![[01]](http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/voynich3.gif)
