[edit]

Altar for human sacrifice at Monte Alban

Some of the most famous forms of ancient human sacrifice were performed by various Pre-Columbian civilizations in the Americas^[63] that included the sacrifice of prisoners as well as voluntary sacrifice. Friar Marcus de Nica (1539) writing of the "Chichimecas": that from time to time "they of this valley cast lots whose luck (honour) it shall be to be sacrificed, and they make him great cheer, on whom the lot falls, and with great joy they crown him with flowers upon a bed prepared in the said ditch all full of flowers and sweet herbs, on which they lay him along, and lay great store of dry wood on both sides of him, and set it on fire on either part, and so he dies" and "that the victim took great pleasure" in being sacrificed.^[64]

[edit] North America

The Mixtec players of the Mesoamerican ballgame were sacrificed when the game was used to resolve a dispute between cities. The rulers would play a game instead of going to battle. The losing ruler would be sacrificed. The ruler "Eight Deer" was considered a great ball player and won several cities this way, until he lost a ball game and was sacrificed.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Maya

The Maya held the belief that cenotes or limestone sinkholes were portals to the underworld and sacrificed human beings and tossed them down the cenote to please the water god Chaac. The most notable example of this is the "Sacred Cenote" at Chichén Itzá where extensive excavations have recovered the remains of 42 individuals, half of them under twenty years old.

Only in the Post-Classic era did this practice become as frequent as in central Mexico.^[65] In the Post-Classic period, the victims and the altar are represented as daubed in a hue now known as Maya Blue, obtained from the añil plant and the clay mineral palygorskite.^[66]

[edit] Aztec

Main article: Human sacrifice in Aztec culture

Aztec sacrifices, Codex Mendoza.

The Aztecs were particularly noted for practicing human sacrifice on a large scale; an offering to Huitzilopochtli would be made to restore the blood he lost, as the sun was engaged in a daily battle. Human sacrifices would prevent the end of the world that could happen on each cycle of 52 years. In the 1487 re-consecration of the Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan some estimate that 80,400 prisoners were sacrificed^[67][68] though numbers are difficult to quantify as all obtainable Aztec texts were destroyed by Christian missionaries during the period 1528–1548.^[69]

According to Ross Hassig, author of Aztec Warfare, "between 10,000 and 80,400 people" were sacrificed in the ceremony. The old reports of numbers sacrificed for special feasts have been described as "unbelievably high" by some authors^[69] and that on cautious reckoning, based on reliable evidence, the numbers would have been in the hundreds for yearly feasts in Tenochtitlan.^[69] The real number of sacrificed victims during the 1487 consecration is unknown.

Michael Harner, in his 1997 article The Enigma of Aztec Sacrifice, estimates the number of persons sacrificed in central Mexico in the 15th century as high as 250,000 per year. Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxochitl, a Mexica descendant and the author of Codex Ixtlilxochitl, claimed that one in five children of the Mexica subjects was killed annually. Victor Davis Hanson argues that an estimate by Carlos Zumárraga of 20,000 per annum is more plausible. Other scholars believe that, since the Aztecs always tried to intimidate their enemies, it is more likely that they could have inflated the number as a propaganda tool.^[70][71]

Tlaloc would require weeping boys in the first months of the Aztec calendar to be ritually murdered.

Aztec burial of a sacrificed child at Tlatelolco.

Sacrifices to Xipe Totec were bound to a post and shot full of arrows. The dead victim would be skinned and a priest would use the skin. Earth mother Teteoinnan required flayed female victims.

[edit] US / Canada

Engraved shell gorget design Southeastern Ceremonial Complex imagery evocative of human sacrifice

The Pawnee practised an annual Morning Star Ceremony, which included the sacrifice of a young girl. Though the ritual continued, the sacrifice was discontinued in the 19th century.^[72] The Iroquois are said to have occasionally sent a maiden to the Great Spirit.^[73]

The Southern Cult or Mound Builders, of the Southeastern United States may have also practised human sacrifice, as some artifacts have been interpreted as depicting such acts.^[74] Early European explorers reported witnessing mass human sacrifices.^[75]

The torture of war captives by the tribes of the Eastern Woodlands cultural region also seems to have had sacrificial motivations. See Captives in American Indian Wars

[edit] South America

In common with all known Bronze Age civilisations the Incas practised human sacrifice, especially at great festivals or royal funerals where retainers died to accompany the dead into the next life.^[76] The Moche of Northern Peru sacrificed teenagers en masse, as archaeologist Steve Bourget found when he uncovered the bones of 42 male adolescents in 1995.^[77]

The study of the images seen in Moche art has enabled researchers to reconstruct the culture's most important ceremonial sequence, which began with ritual combat and culminated in the sacrifice of those defeated in battle. Dressed in fine clothes and adornments, armed warriors faced each other in ritual combat. In this hand-to-hand encounter the aim was to remove the opponent's headdress rather than kill him. The object of the combat was the provision of victims for sacrifice. The vanquished were stripped and bound, after which they were led in procession to the place of sacrifice. The captives are portrayed as strong and sexually potent. In the temple, the priests and priestesses would prepare the victims for sacrifice. The sacrificial methods employed varied, but at least one of the victims would be bled to death. His blood was offered to the principal deities in order to please and placate them.^[78]

The Inca of Peru also made human sacrifices. As many as 4,000 servants, court officials, favorites, and concubines were killed upon the death of the Inca Huayna Capac in 1527, for example.^[79] A number of mummies of sacrificed children have been recovered in the Inca regions of South America, an ancient practice known as capacocha. The Incas performed child sacrifices during or after important events, such as the death of the Sapa Inca (emperor) or during a famine.^[77]

[edit] West Africa

Human sacrifice was common in West African states up to and during the 19th century. The Annual customs of Dahomey was the most notorious example, but sacrifices were carried out all along the West African coast and further inland. Sacrifices were particularly common after the death of a King or Queen, and there are many recorded cases of hundreds or even thousands of slaves being sacrificed at such events. Sacrifices were particularly common in Dahomey, in the Benin Empire, in what is now Ghana, and in the small independent states in what is now southern Nigeria. According to R. J. Rummel, "Just consider the Grand Custom in Dahomey: When a ruler died, hundreds, sometimes even thousands, of prisoners would be slain. In one of these ceremonies in 1727, as many as 4,000 were reported killed. In addition, Dahomey had an Annual Custom during which 500 prisoners were sacrificed."^[80]

In the northern parts of West Africa, human sacrifice had become rare early as Islam became more established in these areas such as the Hausa States. Human sacrifice was officially banned in the remainder of West African states only by coercion, or in some cases annexation, by either the British or French. An important step was the British coercing the powerful Egbo secret society to oppose human sacrifice in 1850. This society was powerful in a large number of states in what is now south-eastern Nigeria. Nonetheless, human sacrifice continued, normally in secret, until West Africa came under firm colonial control.

The Leopard men were a West African secret society active into mid-1900s that practised cannibalism. In theory, the ritual cannibalism would strengthen both members of the society as well as their entire tribe.^[81] In Tanganyika, the Lion men committed an estimated 200 murders in a single three-month period.^[82]

[edit] Prohibition in major religions

[edit] Judaism

Current religious thinking views the Akedah as central to the replacement of human sacrifice; while some Talmudic scholars assert the replacement was the sacrifice of animals at the Temple—using Exodus 13:2–12f; 22:28f; 34:19f; Numeri 3:1ff; 18:15; Deuteronomy 15:19—others view that as superseded by the symbolic pars-pro-toto sacrifice of circumcision. Leviticus 20:2 and Deuteronomy 18:10 specifically outlaw the giving of children to Moloch, making it punishable by stoning; the Tanakh subsequently denounces human sacrifice as barbaric customs of Baal worshippers (e.g. Psalms 106:37ff).

Judges chapter 11 contains a story in which a Judge named Jephthah makes a vow to God to sacrifice the first thing that comes out of the door of his house in exchange for God's help with a military battle against the Ammonites. Much to his dismay, his only daughter greeted him upon his triumphant return. Judges 11:39 states that Jephthah kept his vow. According to the commentators of the rabbinic Jewish tradition, Jepthah's daughter was not sacrificed, but was forbidden to marry and remained a spinster her entire life, fulfilling the vow that she would be devoted to the Lord.^[22] The 1st-century CE Jewish historian Flavius Josephus, however, understood this to mean that Jephthah burned his daughter on Yahweh's altar, ^[83] whilst pseudo-Philo, late first century CE, wrote that Jephthah offered his daughter as a burnt offering because he could find no sage in Israel who would cancel his vow.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Christianity

In the Christian religion the belief developed that the story of Isaac's binding and of Jepthah's virgin daughter were foreshadowing for the sacrifice of Jesus, whose sacrifice and resurrection allowed the sins of mankind to be washed away. There is a tradition that the site of the binding of Isaac, Moriah, was also the city of Jesus's future crucifixion.^[84]

The beliefs of most denominations of Christianity hinge upon the substitutionary atonement of the sacrifice of Jesus, which is necessary for access to paradise in the afterlife. In these belief systems each individual person must participate in, and/or receive the benefits of, this sacrifice for the atonement of their sins. Early Christian sources explicitly described this event as a sacrificial offering, with Jesus in the role of both priest and victim, although starting with the Enlightenment, some writers, such as John Locke, have disputed the model of Jesus' death as a propitiatory sacrifice.^[85] Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Christians believe that this sacrifice is made present, notwithstanding the limitations of place and time, in the sacrament of the Eucharist. In this faith tradition, bread and wine, offered in a liturgical ritual, transforms into the "Real Presence," i.e. the literal Body and Blood of Jesus Christ while retaining the appearance of bread and wine. Receiving (i.e. eating and drinking) the Eucharist is a central part of the religious life of Catholic and Orthodox Christians.^[86][87] Many Protestant traditions do not share the belief in the Real Presence but otherwise are varied; for example, they may believe that in the bread and wine, Christ is present only spiritually, not in the sense of a change in substance (Methodism)^[88] or that the bread and wine of communion are a merely symbolic reminder (Baptist faith).^[89] Although early Christians in the Roman Empire were accused of being cannibals,^[90] practices such as human sacrifice were abhorrent to them.^[91]

[edit] Islam

The Qur'an strongly condemns human sacrifice, as a "grave error and sinful act"^[92] and an "ignorant, foolish act of those that have gone astray",^[93] and speaks of how the "heathens were deluded by their deities to kill their own children".^[93]

[edit] Eastern religions

Main article: Ahimsa

Many traditions of Eastern religions (Buddhism and Jainism) embrace the doctrine of ahimsa (non-violence) which imposes vegetarianism and outlaws animal as well as human sacrifice.

In the case of Buddhism, both bhikkhus (monks) and bhikkhunis (nuns) were forbidden to take life in any form as part of the monastic code, while non-violence was promoted among laity through encouragement of the Five Precepts. Across the Buddhist world both meat and alcohol are strongly discouraged as offerings to a Buddhist altar, with the former being synonymous with sacrifice, and the latter a violation of the Five Precepts.

In Hinduism, the principle of ahimsa was prescribed as early as in the Maurya period Manu Smrti. The same text, however, also exempts religious sacrifice from the notion of "violence" since the victim of the sacrifice was taken to benefit from the act as it would be reborn in a higher position.^[94]

In modern Hinduism slaughter according to the rituals permitted in the Puranic scriptures has virtually disappeared. In the 19th and 20th centuries, prominent figures of Indian spirituality such as Swami Vivekananda,^[95] Ramana Maharshi,^[96] Swami Sivananda^[97] and A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami^[98] emphasised the importance of ahimsa.

[edit] Allegations of human sacrifice

See also: Blood libel

Allegations of human sacrifice have been made against the Jews generally in the form of accusations of child cannibalism or desecrating the eucharist. Groups that have had such accusations leveled against them include blood libel against the Jews by Apion in the 30s CE,^[99] Christians in the Roman empire later allegations of a Jewish conspiracy and the witch hunts of the 16th and 17th centuries.^[100] In the 20th century, blood libel accusations re-emerged as part of the satanic ritual abuse moral panic.^[100]

The People's Republic of China as well as Chinese nationalists in the Republic of China in their effort to discredit Tibetan lamaism make frequent and emphatic reference to the historical human sacrifice in Tibet, portraying the 1950 People's Liberation Army invasion of Tibet as an act of humanitarian intervention. According to Chinese sources, in the year 1948, 21 individuals were murdered by state sacrificial priests from Lhasa as part of a ritual of enemy destruction, because their organs were required as magical ingredients.^[101] The Tibetan Revolutions Museum established by the Chinese in Lhasa has numerous morbid ritual objects on display to illustrate these claims.^[102] In Taiwan, Li Ao in his TV talk show om 2006 claimed that the Dalai Lama had commanded human sacrifices, asking his followers to "tear out human skin" for "some religious ceremony".^[103] Most of the human remains that the Chinese exhibit as gruesome evidence of Tibetan human sacrifice are in fact body parts of people who died of natural causes which were collected after sky burial and preserved as relics.^[49]

[edit] Contemporary human sacrifice

[edit] India

Human sacrifice is illegal in India. But a few cases do occur in remote and underdeveloped regions of the country, where modernity has not penetrated well and tribal/semi-tribal groups adhere to cultural practices as they did over the course of millennia. According to the Hindustan Times, there was an incident of human sacrifice in western Uttar Pradesh in 2003.^[104] Similarly, police in Khurja reported "dozens of sacrifices" in the period of half a year in 2006.^[105]

The Supreme Court of India habitually issues the death penalty to those found guilty of practising human sacrifice.^[106]

[edit] Sub-Saharan Africa

Further information: Medicine murder

Human sacrifice, in the context of religious ritual, still occurs in other traditional religions, for example in muti killings in Eastern Africa. Human sacrifice is no longer officially condoned in any country, and such cases are regarded as murder.

In January, 2008, Milton Blahyi of Liberia confessed being part of human sacrifices which "included the killing of an innocent child and plucking out the heart, which was divided into pieces for us to eat." He fought versus Charles Taylor's militia.^[107]

In August 2004, a muti killing took place in Ireland; the headless corpse of a Malawi woman was found near Piltown, County Kilkenny.^[108]

[edit] Chile

A 1989 book by investigative journalist Patrick Tierney documents a modern ritual human sacrifice during the devastating earthquake and tsunami of 1960 by a Machi of the Mapuche in the Lago Budi community.^[109]

The victim, 5-year-old José Luis Painecur, had his arms and legs removed by Juan Pañán and Juan José Paincur (the victim's grandfather), and was stuck into the sand of the beach like a stake. The waters of the Pacific Ocean then carried the body out to sea. The sacrifice was rumoured to be at the behest of local machi, Juana Namuncurá Añen. The two men were charged with the crime and confessed, but later recanted. They were released after two years. A judge ruled that those involved in these events had "acted without free will, driven by an irresistible natural force of ancestral tradition."

The story is also mentioned in a Time magazine article from that year, although with much less detail.^[110]

[edit] Ritual murder

Ritual killings perpetrated by individuals or small groups within a society that denounces them as simple murder are difficult to classify as either "human sacrifice" or mere pathological homicide because they lack the societal integration of sacrifice proper.

The instances closest to "ritual killing" in the criminal history of modern society would be pathological serial killers such as the Zodiac Killer, and mass suicides with doomsday cult background, such as the Peoples Temple, Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God, Order of the Solar Temple or Heaven's Gate incidents.^{[says who?]} Other examples include the "Matamoros killings" attributed to Mexican cult leader Adolfo Constanzo and the "Superior Universal Alignment" killings in 1990s Brazil.^[111]

[edit] In fiction

Human sacrifice has a history as a topic in literature, opera, video games, and cinema. A recurrent theme in the Classics, it returns to prominence in European imagination with the Spanish accounts of the Aztec rituals. Derek Hughes in Culture and Sacrifice traces the topic's iterations through the works of Shakespeare, Dryden and Voltaire, and its central position in the operatic tradition from Mozart to Wagner and into 20th century works such as those of D.H. Lawrence.^[112]

"The Lottery" is a 1948 short story that caused controversy in the United States. The Wicker Man is a 1973 film on the topic.

In Rosemary Sutcliff's 1977 historical novel Sun Horse, Moon Horse, the main character accepts a duty as a sacrificial king and lays down his life for the redemption of his people, while inaugurating the creation of the Uffington White Horse.

The majority of the plot of The Beatles' film HELP! deals with a group that practises human sacrifice trying to kill Ringo Starr because he is wearing the sacrificial ring.

In Tintin: Prisoners of the Sun the Inca leader comes close to sacrificing Tintin, Captain Haddock, and Professor Calculus on a pyre to be set alight with parabolic mirrors. This was for Calculus having committed sacrilege for wearing the bracelet of Rascar Capac.

In the 1984 film Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, high priest Mola Ram sacrifices men by magically removing their heart with one hand and lowering them in boiling lava. One sacrifice is shown, in which the victim's amputated heart spontaneously combusts when the victim hits the lava. In Mel Gibson's 2006 film Apocalypto, human sacrifice is done to appease the gods.

In the Dan Brown novel The Lost Symbol, the book's main antagonist Mal'akh, prepares himself for the human sacrifice throughout the story, believing that it is his great destiny to lead the forces of evil.

[edit] See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Human sacrifice

• Child sacrifice
• Animal sacrifice
• Religion and violence
• Cannibalism
• Sati (practice) – widow-burning
• Witch-hunt
• Capital punishment
• Colosseum
• Gehenna
• Lynching
• Margaret Murray – The Divine King in England.
• Rene Girard

[edit] References

[edit] Footnotes

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2. ^ So Benjamin Rush (1792), see Louis P. Masur Rites of Execution Oxford University Press (1989), p. 65
3. ^ Horkheimer, M., Adorno T.W. (1947), Dialektik der Aufklärung. Philosophische Fragmente, Amsterdam: Querido; p. 199ff. Hughes (2007) in reference to the Holocaust writes, "the great exterminations of the twentieth century [...] have superseded human sacrifice as the ultimate touchstones of barbarity. When we require place names to denote the horror where culture collapses, we no longer think of Aulis or Taurica."
4. ^ "Boys 'used for human sacrifice'". BBC News. 2005-06-16. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4098172.stm. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
5. ^ "Kenyan arrests for 'witch' deaths". BBC News. 2008-05-22. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7415502.stm. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
6. ^ "Early Europeans Practiced Human Sacrifice". Livescience.com. 2007-06-11. http://www.livescience.com/history/070611_human_sacrifice.html. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
7. ^ "History of Japanese Castles". Japanfile.com. http://www.japanfile.com/modules/wiwimod/index.php?page=HistoryofJapaneseCastles&back=CastleSection. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
8. ^ Hassig, Ross (2003). "El sacrificio y las guerras floridas". Arqueología mexicana, p. 46–51.
9. ^ John Huesman, "Judges", New Catholic Commentary on Holy Scripture, Nelson 1969
10. ^ "Did Jephthah Kill his Daughter?", Solomon Landers, Biblical Archaeology Review, August 1991.
11. ^ "Strabo Geography", Book IV Chapter 4:5, published in Vol. II of the Loeb Classical Library edition, 1923.[1]
12. ^ Thug: the true story of India's murderous cult by Mike Dash, The Independent
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22. ^ ^{a b} Radak, Book of Judges 11:39; Metzudas Dovid ibid
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34. ^ French archaeologist Jean-Louis Brunaux has written extensively on human sacrifice and the sanctuaries of Belgic Gaul. See "Gallic Blood Rites," Archaeology 54 (March/April 2001), 54–57; Les sanctuaires celtiques et leurs rapports avec le monde mediterranéean, Actes de colloque de St-Riquier (8 au 11 novembre 1990) organisés par la Direction des Antiquités de Picardie et l'UMR 126 du CNRS (Paris: Éditions Errance, 1991); "La mort du guerrier celte. Essai d'histoire des mentalités," in Rites et espaces en pays celte et méditerranéen. Étude comparée à partir du sanctuaire d'Acy-Romance (Ardennes, France) (École française de Rome, 2000).
35. ^ Buchholz, Peter (1993). "Pagan Scandinavian Religion" in Pulsiano, P (Ed.) Medieval Scandinavia: An Encyclopedia". New York: Routledge. pp. 521–525.
36. ^ Simek, Rudolf (2003). Religion und Mythologie der Germanen. Wissenshaftliche Buchgesellschaft: Darmstadt. pp. 58–64. ISBN 3-8062-1821-8.
37. ^ http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba59/feat4.shtml
38. ^ François Neveux, A brief history of the Normans: the conquests that changed the face of Europe, Robinson, 2008
39. ^ The early Slavs: culture and society in early medieval Eastern Europe By Paul M. Barford, p.58
40. ^ Tiberius Augustus, Flavius Mauricius. Strategikon, Book XI - Characteristics and Tactics of Various Peoples.
41. ^ ^{a b} The early Slavs: culture and society in early medieval Eastern Europe By Paul M. Barford, p.120
42. ^ The History of Leo the Deacon: Byzantine Military Expansion in the Tenth Century, By Alice-Mary Talbot, Denis F. Sullivan,
43. ^ Lavrentevskaia Letopis, also called the Povest Vremennykh Let, in Polnoe Sobranie Russkikh Letopisei (PSRL), vol. 1, col. 102.
44. ^ "Ximen Bao". Chinaculture.org. 2003-09-24. http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_26349.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
45. ^ e.g. L. Austine Waddell, Tibetan Buddhism: With Its Mystic Cults, Symbolism and Mythology, and in Its Relation to Indian Buddhism, 1895, p. 516: "Human sacrifice seems undoubtedly to have been regularly practised in Tibet up till the dawn there of Buddhism in the seventh century."
46. ^ Blue Annals, ed.^{[by whom?]} 1995, p. 697.
47. ^ Bell,^{[clarification needed]} 1927, p. 80.
48. ^ Ekvall,^{[clarification needed]} 1964, pp. 165–166, 169, 172.
49. ^ ^{a b} A. Tom Grunfeld, The making of modern Tibet, 1996, ISBN 9781563247149, p. 29.
50. ^ Prakash, Om. Cultural History of India. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Limited Publishers. pp. 89. ISBN 81-224-1587-3.
51. ^ Singh, Upinder. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India. accessdate=2010-10-06. pp. 173. ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.
52. ^ Pruthi, Raj. Prehistory and Harappan Civilization. New Delhi: Kul Bhushan Nangia A.P.H Publishing Corporation. pp. 164. ISBN 81-7648-581-0.
53. ^ Rao, B. V.. World History from Early Times to AD 2000. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Private Limited. pp. 47. ISBN 81-207-3188-2.
54. ^ ^{a b c} Kooij, K.R. van; Houben, Jan E.M. (1999). Violence denied: violence, non-violence and the rationalization of violence in South Asian cultural history. Leiden: Brill. pp. 117, 123, 129, 164, 212, 269. ISBN 90-04-11344-4.
55. ^ Bremmer, J.N. (2007). The Strange World of Human Sacrifice. Leuven: Peeters Akademik. p. 159. ISBN 9042918438.
56. ^ ^{a b} Hastings, James (ed.) (2003). Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, vol 9.. Kessenger Publishing. pp. 15, 119. ISBN 0766136809.
57. ^ ^{a b} Lipner, Julius (1994). Hindus: their religious beliefs and practices. New York: Routledge. pp. 185, 236. ISBN 0-415-05181-9.
58. ^ Hymn to Kali: Preface
59. ^ Khonds, or Kandhs, Encyclopædia Britannica
60. ^ http://www.deori.in
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62. ^ "Pu'ukohala Heiau & Kamehameha I". Soulwork.net. http://www.soulwork.net/huna_articles/pu'ukohala.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
63. ^ "Mexican tomb reveals gruesome human sacrifice". Newscientist.com. http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn6756.html. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
64. ^ Grace E. Murray, Ancient Rites and Ceremonies, p. 19, ISBN 1-85958-158-7
65. ^ "pre-Columbian civilizations". Encyclopædia Britannica.
66. ^ Arnold, Dean E.; and Bruce F. Bohor (1975). "Attapulgite and Maya Blue: an Ancient Mine Comes to Light". Archaeology 28 (1): 23–29. as cited in Haude, Mary Elizabeth (1997). "Identification and Classification of Colorants Used During Mexico's Early Colonial Period". The Book and Paper Group Annual 16. ISSN 0887-8978. http://aic.stanford.edu/sg/bpg/annual/v16/bp16-05.html.
67. ^ "The Enigma of Aztec Sacrifice". Latinamericanstudies.org. http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/aztecs/sacrifice.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
68. ^ "Science and Anthropology". Cdis.missouri.edu. http://cdis.missouri.edu/exec/data/courses2/2065/lesson01.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
69. ^ ^{a b c} George Holtker, "Studies in Comparative Religion", The Religions of Mexico and Peru, Vol. 1, CTS
70. ^ Duverger (op. cit), 174–77
71. ^ "New chamber confirms culture entrenched in human sacrifice". Mtintouch.net. http://www.mtintouch.net/~nlight/mexican%20pyramid.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
72. ^ Pawnee ritual
73. ^ "Religion and Conflict: before Columbus". Fsmitha.com. http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h16-am.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
74. ^ "Mississippian Civilization". Texasbeyondhistory.net. 2003-08-06. http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/tejas/fundamentals/miss.html. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
75. ^ "Article on Cahokia Mounds". Cahokiamounds.com. http://www.cahokiamounds.com/mystery_01.html. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
76. ^ Woods, Michael, "Conquistadors", p. 114, BBC Worldwide, 2001, ISBN 0-563-55116-X
77. ^ ^{a b} http://www.exn.ca/mummies/story.asp?id=1999041452
78. ^ Bourget, Steve (2006). Sex, Death, and Sacrifice in Moche Religion and Visual Culture. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-71279-9.
79. ^ Nigel Davies, Human Sacrifice (1981, p. 261–262.).
80. ^ R. Rummel (1997)"Death by government". Transaction Publishers. p.63. ISBN 1560009276
81. ^ "The Leopard Society — Africa in the mid 1900s". http://www.liberiapastandpresent.org/RitualKillings1900_1950b.htm. Retrieved April 3, 2008.
82. ^ Murder by Lion, TIME
83. ^ Brenner, Athalya (1999). Judges: a feminist companion to the Bible. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 74. ISBN 978-1841270241. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=De4itoIYD9oC&pg=PA74&dq=josephus++Jephthah++++burned++daughter+altar&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Yg_6TtiIKI-68gOVray9AQ&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=josephus%20%20Jephthah%20%20%20%20burned%20%20daughter%20altar&f=false.
84. ^ http://"Voices From the Children of Abraham", [www.newmantoronto.com/040311childrenofabraham2.htm ]
85. ^ McGrath, Allister E. (1997). Christian Theology: An Introduction (Second ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 390–395. ISBN 0631198490. According to McGrath, early sources describing a sacrifice include the New Testament's Letter to the Hebrews and writings by Augustine of Hippo and Athanasius of Alexandria. Later sources, besides Locke, include Thomas Chubb and Horace Bushnell.
86. ^ "Sacrifice of the Mass". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.
87. ^ ""Sacrifice of the Mass", Orthodox Church of America". Oca.org. http://www.oca.org/QA.asp?ID=202&SID=3. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
88. ^ John Wesley. Articles of Religion. Wikisource. Article XVIII—Of the Lord's Supper.
89. ^ Moore, Russell D. (2009). "Baptist View: Christ's Presence as Memorial". In Engle, Paul E. (series ed.); Armstrong, John H. (gen. ed.). Understanding Four Views on the Lord's Supper. Counterpoints: Church Life. Zondervan. ISBN 9780310542759. http://books.google.com/books?id=R6LkmS_ntYwC&lpg=PP1&dq=Understanding%20Four%20Views%20on%20the%20Lord's%20Supper%20(Counterpoints%3A%20Church%20Life)&pg=PT27#v=onepage&q=Understanding%20Four%20Views%20on%20the%20Lord's%20Supper%20(Counterpoints:%20Church%20Life)&f=false.
90. ^ Benko, Stephen, Pagan Rome and the Early Christians, p70, Indiana University Press, 1986, ISBN 0-253-20385-6
91. ^ "The Britons", Christopher Allen Snyder, p. 52, Blackwell Publishing, 2003, ISBN 0-631-22260-X
92. ^ surah 17 ayah 31
93. ^ ^{a b} surah 6 ayah 140
94. ^ Manu Smriti 5.32; 5.39–40; 5.42
95. ^ Religious Vegetarianism, ed. Kerry S. Walters and Lisa Portmess, Albany 2001, pp. 50–52.
96. ^ "Ramana Maharishi: Be as you are". Beasyouare.info. http://www.beasyouare.info/beasyouare.html. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
97. ^ "Swami Sivananda: Bliss Divine, pp. 3–8". Dlshq.org. 2005-12-11. http://www.dlshq.org/teachings/ahimsa.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
98. ^ Religious Vegetarianism p. 56–60.
99. ^ Nathan, D.; Snedeker M. (1995). Satan's Silence: Ritual Abuse and the Making of a Modern American Witch Hunt. Basic Books. p. 31. ISBN 0879758090.
100. ^ ^{a b} Victor J.S. (1993). Satanic Panic: The Creation of a Contemporary Legend. Open Court Publishing Company. pp. 207–208. ISBN 081269192X.
101. ^ Grunfeld, 1996, p. 29.
102. ^ Epstein^{[clarification needed]}, 1983, p.138
103. ^ youtube.com video, with English subtitles
104. ^

     “

     After a rash of similar killings in the area — according to an unofficial tally in the English language-language Hindustan Times, there have been 25 human sacrifices in western Uttar Pradesh in the last six months alone — police have cracked down against tantriks, jailing four and forcing scores of others to close their businesses and pull their ads from newspapers and television stations. The killings and the stern official response have focused renewed attention on tantrism, an amalgam of mysticism practices that grew out of Hinduism.In India, case links mysticism, murder – John Lancaster, Washington Post, 29 November 2003

     ”

105. ^ The Observer , Dan McDougall in Khurja, India, Sunday March 5, 2006 [13]
106. ^ "Death to those guilty of human sacrifice". Religionnewsblog.com. http://www.religionnewsblog.com/5453. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
107. ^ Paye, Jonathan (2008-01-22). "news.bbc.co.uk, I ate children's hearts, ex-rebel says". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7200101.stm. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
108. ^ Lister, David (2004-08-13). "Daughter of minister beheaded". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article468989.ece. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
109. ^ The Highest Altar: Unveiling the Mystery of Human Sacrifice ISBN 978-0-14-013974-7
110. ^ "CHILE: Asking for Calm". Time. 1960-07-04. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,869529,00.html. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
111. ^ Todd Lewan, Satanic Cult Killings Spread Fear in Southern Brazil, The Associated Press, 26 October 1992
112. ^ Hughes (2007). See also Bookshelf (hero.ac.uk)

[edit] Books

• David Carrasco, City of Sacrifice: The Aztec Empire and the Role of Violence in Civilization, Moughton Mifflin, 2000, ISBN 0-8070-4643-4
• Inga Clendinnen, Aztecs: An Interpretation, Cambridge University Press, 1995, ISBN 978-0-521-48585-2
• Clemency Coggins and Orrin C. Shane III Cenote of Sacrifices, ; 1984 The university of Texas Press; ISBN 0-292-71097-6
• René Girard, Violence and the Sacred, translated by P. Gregory; Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979, ISBN 0-8264-7718-6
• René Girard, I See Satan Fall Like Lightning, translated by James G. Williams; Orbis Books; 2001, ISBN 1-57075-319-9
• Miranda Aldhouse-Green, Dying for the Gods,; Trafalgar Square; 2001, ISBN 0-7524-1940-4
• Dennis D. Hughes, Human Sacrifice in Ancient Greece 1991 Routledge ISBN 0-415-03483-3
• Derek Hughes, Culture and Sacrifice: Ritual Death in Literature and Opera, 2007, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-86733-7
• Ronald Hutton, The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy, 1991, ISBN 0-631-18946-7
• Larry Kahaner, Cults That Kill, ; Warner Books; 1994, ISBN 978-0-446-35637-4
• Valerio Valeri, Kingship and Sacrifice: Ritual and Society in Ancient Hawaii, 1985, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-84559-1

[edit] Journal articles

• Michael Winkelman, Aztec Human Sacrifice: Cross-Cultural Assessments of the Ecological Hypothesis, Ethnology, Vol. 37, No. 3. (Summer, 1998), pp. 285–298.
• R.H. Sales, Human Sacrifice in Biblical Thought, Journal of Bible and Religion, Vol. 25, No. 2. (Apr., 1957), pp. 112–117.
• Brian K. Smith; Wendy Doniger, Sacrifice and Substitution: Ritual Mystification and Mythical Demystification, Numen, Vol. 36, Fasc. 2. (Dec., 1989), pp. 189–224.
• Brian K. Smith, Capital Punishment and Human Sacrifice, Journal of the American Academy of Religion 2000 68(1):3–26.
• Robin Law, Human Sacrifice in Pre-Colonial West Africa, African Affairs, Vol. 84, No. 334. (Jan., 1985), pp. 53–87.
• Th. P. van Baaren, Theoretical Speculations on Sacrifice, Numen, Vol. 11, Fasc. 1. (Jan., 1964), pp. 1–12.
• Heinsohn, Gunnar: “The Rise of Blood Sacrifice and Priest Kingship in Mesopotamia: A Cosmic Decree?” (also published in Religion, Vol. 22, 1992)
• J. Rives, Human Sacrifice among Pagans and Christians, The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 85. (1995), pp. 65–85.
• Clifford Williams, Asante: Human Sacrifice or Capital Punishment? An Assessment of the Period 1807–1874, The International Journal of African Historical Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3. (1988), pp. 433–441.
• Sheehan, Jonathan, The Altars of the Idols: Religion, Sacrifice, and the Early Modern Polity, Journal of the History of Ideas 67.4 (2006) 649–674 ("Project MUSE - Journal of the History of Ideas - The Altars of the Idols: Religion, Sacrifice, and the Early Modern Polity". Muse.jhu.edu. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_the_history_of_ideas/v067/67.4sheehan02.html. Retrieved 2010-05-25. )
• Harco Willems, Crime, Cult and Capital Punishment (Mo'alla Inscription 8), The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 76, (1990), 27–54.

[edit] External links

• D.L. Ashliman's Human Sacrifice in Legends and Myths

PINDAR The Lizard King ?????? compiled by Dee Finney (Back to Research Contents Page)

PINDAR...........The Lizard King?????????? Do you know the Lizard King????? Is Pindar real????? According to David Icke, the heirarchy goes like this : Reptilian 'Royalty' : Winged reptilians, with the highest caste being the Albino type (similar to Pindar). Reptoids : Wingless reptilians. They are the ones described as having larger scales on their backs and three fingers with an opposing thumb. Greys : Described as being either drone-like slaves of the reptilians or an extraterrestrial life-form allied to them. Humans : We're at the bottom, but why doesn't that surprise me ? The Reptilians are described as being between 5 and 12 feet tall. There are several types. Also from Icke's research: "Pindar attends the major Satanic ceremonies in Europe and then flies to California for the rituals there". Later in the book (Biggest Secret), Icke says that "Pindar, the 'Marquis de Libeaux' travels in a white limousine (A 'code-white' is a code understood by judges, police, the military etc and it means: look the other way or do not prosecute this person)." On page 453 of the same book, Icke states that " ... the Queen makes cruel remarks about lesser initiates, but is afraid of the man code-named 'Pindar' (the Marquis de Libeaux) who is higher than her in Satanic rank. Pindar, apparently, bears a resemblance to Prince Charles. Arizona Wilder says that Pindar is Charles' real father." Finally, Icke summises, along with Arizona Wilder, the possibility that Princess Diana was pregnant at the time of her murder and that the child could have been Pindar's rather than that of Dodi Fayed, and the child was sacrificed in a ritual ceremony. Diana was sacrificed because she would not cooperate with the organization. Icke insists that only one 'strain' of the reptilian race is antagonastic towards us. To consider all reptilians 'evil' is like considering all humans the same way. Patently false. Going Dutch The Dutch government resigned this week under pressure brought on by accusations that in 1995, over 7000 Boznia Muslims were executed by Serbs while under the protection of Dutch troops. This was the worst mass murder in Europe since WWII. Queen Beatrix, the Bilderburger leader, witnessed the mass sacrifice as part of a ritual ceremony. An interim government will run the small nation until the May 15, 2002 election. On 9-18-01 - DREAM - I was being shown dividing and putting together of letters and numbers. I remember 2 and 93, 94, and 15 - at the very end I was shown the name Queen Beatrice of Holland and her dna sample. [Editors NOTE: I am of Dutch heritage myself. I had no idea what kind of connection I would find with her, despite doing research on her life, I found nothing back then. Now - my eyes are opening!] Who knows about this 12 foot albino lizard??? I have heard them call him the "Marquis de Libeaux". Marquis actually means king. In French it simply means the Marquis of Libeaux. Marquis being a noble, Libeaux being the name of some region. Top Illuminati Family Names These are the top of the Illuminati organization. These are the people that really run this world. The most powerful is Marquis de Libeaux then followed by the Rothschild's {Bauer}, Bruce, Cavendish {Kennedy}, deMedici, Hanover, Hapsburg, Krupps, Plantagenet, Rockefeller, Romanov, Sinclair/ St. Clair, Warburg {delBanco}, and Windsor families. These are the families that run the NWO and all the stooges that work for them. They all worship Satan and they all take part in human sacrifice and ritual child abuse. If you do your own research you will see that these families have "bred themselves since ancient times and they are obsessed with keeping their bloodlines "pure". These are the sickest people on this planet and their hold is going to be broken as the world "wakes-up" to their murderous deception around the world. Remember the truth will set you free! The original "Mother Goddess" after whom a slew of deities including Queen Semiramis, Isis, Diana and others were fashioned was Ninkharsag. The commander of the Annunaki was Enlil, half-brother of Enki. The book of Genesis and Exodus and were based on The Levites (initiates of the Egyptian mysteries); based on Sumerian stories and accounts. Between 11,000 and 4000 bc catastrophes were visited upon the earth, destroying the advanced civilizations of the Golden Age. The Anunnaki are said to have arrived 450,000 years ago. Their leader was the winged albino-white Draco. The owner of this seal can be identified from the cuneiform inscription which translates: 'Seal of Mushezib-Ninurta, governor, son of Ninurta-eresh, ditto, son of Samanuha-shar-ilani, ditto.' Samanuha-shar-ilani was ruler of Shadikanni (Arban in eastern Syria), in 883 BC, and an Assyrian vassal - subject to the firm control of Assyria, and enjoying the wealth and security that such political domination provided. During this period, seal designs were often cut on hard stones using cutting-wheels and drills. The image is similar to two wall reliefs from the throne room of King Ashurnasirpal II (reigned 883-859 BC) at Nimrud. The king, shown in mirror image, is protected by guardian genii sprinkling holy water from a bucket using what may be a fir cone or sponge. A stylized tree stands in the centre, symbolizing nature and the land of Assyria. Above is a god in the winged disc. Length: 4.9 cm Diameter: 1.7 cm Found by H.C. Rawlinson and acquired by The British Museum around 1852 D. Collon, First impressions: cylinder seals in the Ancient Near East (London, The British Museum Press, 1987), pp. 76-7, fig. 341 A.H. Layard, Discoveries in the ruins of Nineveh and Babylon (London, J. Murray, 1853), p. 603 From what star constellation are the reptilians said to originate? Draco What is the difference between reptilian full-bloods and reptilian hybrids? Full-bloods are reptilians using a human form to hide their true nature; hybrids are reptile-human crossbreed bloodlines who are possessed by the reptilians from the forth dimension Where did the white race and the reptile-aryan crossbreeds emerge from after the flood? The Caucasus mountains What were the Aryans who left the Caucasus to rule India called? The Khattiyo Where did the Jewish race originate from? The Caucasus mountains What do lions symbolize to the Aryans? The sun

It is inauspicious to begin an article with an oxymoron such as "cycle of human evolution." You know things won't improve. The term human evolution refers only to phylogeny (Stirling failed to consult a dictionary). Perhaps what he really wants to say is cultural development. "Almost 6000 years ago" (4000 BCE) falls within the Chalcolithic (or Eneolithic) in Mesopotamia, which is currently the countries of Iraq and northeastern Syria. Notice it's Mesopotamia, because Sumerian was a language and Sumer was a culture. Sumerian disappeared as an official language during the Agadian (Akkadian) period (2371-2230 BCE). "Almost 6000 years ago" coincides with the building of a very simple temple at Tepe Gawra (Notice to archaeology wonks: I'm using the Middle Chronology). Ubaid culture evolved into the Warka (Uruk) culture; Warka culture provided the earliest sample of writing in Mesopotamia. About 5500 years ago (3500 BCE) Sumerian-speaking people came out of the hills, settled along the Euphrates River, and built a large temple of mud brick at Eridu. Almost 5000 years ago (about 3000 BCE) Sumerian-speaking people added to existing structures to create monumental architecture (such as the White Temple in Kullaba and the temple at Eanna). They also began establishing city-states and urban areas. The boundary of the cultures of Sumer and Agade, according to the Sumerian king-list, consisted of the area south of Baghdad defined by the Tigris, the Euphrates, and the Persian Gulf. Influence of these cultures extended to Ebla in the west, Nineveh in the north, and Susa (in Elam) in the east. Unu (what Agadians called Uruk) was the largest of the urban areas in Mesopotamia around 3000 BCE, a total of 5.5 km2. Zechariah Sitchin has done a good job researching the Sumerian records. One might start by reading that first. Kingship and Ritual The scholarly model of development away from monarchy in most of the Greek mainland is rooted in an overly uncritical acceptance of fabricated king lists and of the relevance of the Roman and eastern models for Greek practice. This acceptance stems from a desire to credit ancient Greek accounts of their own past, but also from a modern prejudice that traces a teleological development from monarchy to various forms of republicanism. The construction of mythico-historical kings satisfies a desire for tidy origins, as well as for an original focus of authority from which subsequent developments are diffused. We must, then, always ask whose interests are served by a model of original kingship and hereditary descent of authority. If aristocratic elites in the Archaic and Classical period fantasized about royal descent, this served the dual purpose of reinforcing their elite status and communicating to non-elites the (relatively) more egalitarian nature of elite influence in the polis. Thus attempts at dominance by powerful members of the elite can be cast as reversion to a superseded past. The contrast between legitimate hereditary kingship and illegitimate and tyrannical usurpation of power may thus be seen as a contrast between a quasi-official historical construction and the harsher reality of authoritarian government. Second: ritual and cult. If Morris' emphasis on the chiefly ritual importance of the wanax is sustainable (even if it is not the whole story), the centrality of cult is a major area of continuity between Bronze Age and later notions of monarchic rule. Ritual kingship casts a shadow down as far as the Athenian archôn basileus and the heroic honors paid to ancient city founders. In most later conceptions, it is the gap between the human and the divine that is significant, as we see in much of the poetry of Pindar, and also in the vase paintings cited by Morris. Religious and temporal power do not coincide. Yet the figure of the tyrant complicates this divide. Sicilian tyrants such as Gelon and Hieron were anxious to become city founders, by fair means or foul, and the Emmenids of Acragas may have used their hereditary priesthoods as a springboard for the acquisition of temporal power. Peisistratus' charade as favorite of Athena, escorted into the polis by the goddess in her chariot, is also relevant here. We start, it seems, with a ritual king who does not embody our conception of monarchic rule. While this tradition continues, we are also presented with an authoritarian ruler (the tyrant) who attempts to draw to himself the trappings of religious legitimation. This change of emphasis lies behind the Zeus-like powers of the tyrant in tragedy and comedy, as detailed by Seaford and Henderson. The Prometheus Bound shows that if a tyrant can be conceived as a god, a god can also be conceived as a tyrant. According to Zechariah Sitchin, who has written many books on the Sumerian tablets, the term "men of renown" in the Genesis passage should read, from its Sumerian origin, "men of the sky vehicles". This puts rather a different complexion on the whole story and makes a great deal more sense of it. The reference to "heroes of old" is also relevant. The word hero comes from the Egyptian term, "heru, which, according to researcher Wallis Budge, was "applied to the king as a representative of the Sun God of Earth." The precise meaning was "a human being was neither a god nor a daemon." The term has the inference of a crossbreed race. The writer Homer (8th-9th century BC) wrote that "the heroes were exalted above the race of common men". The poet, Pindar, (518-438 BC) a very relevant name for readers of "The Biggest Secret" by David Icke - used the term, hero/heru, to describe a race "between gods and men". It is extremely likely that Horus or Haru, the Egyptian son of God and a mirror of the much later "Jesus" came from the term heru, which means the Sun God's representative on Earth, the hybrid or Aryan race. (p 72 - Children of the Matrix" by David Icke.) Morris' focus on cult is chiefly picked up by Seaford's treatment of the tyrant in tragedy. For Seaford, one crucial aspect of the tyrant is his perversion of ritual. We see this both in the stories associated with historical tyrants such as Polycrates, and in the abuse of ritual by tragic characters such as Clytemnestra. The abuse of the sacred forms part of a larger pattern in which the destruction of the royal family and the institution of polis cult becomes a structuring principle in Greek tragedy. The contrast with Morris' picture of the Bronze Age situation is instructive. There, kingly authority is ritual authority. In the later period, however, ritual becomes a tool in the pursuit of power, and is often perverted by that pursuit. Seaford's tragic tyrant exists in a problematic relationship with ritual, and successful polis cult is only possible once the tyrant has been expelled. Thus religious legitimation and power has been detached from the king and attached to the polis. It seems reasonable to consider this a symptom of the considerable transformation in governmental structures after the Bronze Age. Even if, with Morris, we find traces of communitarian government in the earlier period, it is clear that there has been a reconfiguration of attitudes towards the individual figure of authority. But the area in which the tension between individual and community is played out remains constant, and that area is ritual. Another important characteristic of tyrannical power is wealth. Seaford points out that tyrants are greedy for money and the power it allows them to exercise. Yet tyrannical greed may have a positive counterpart in lavish expenditure, and here again, the importance of religious factors is striking. As Morris notes, the capacity of sanctuaries in the Archaic period to attract tyrannical largesse and the concomitant power and influence wielded by such sanctuaries, reminds us of the religious significance of kingship in the prehistoric period. Historical tyrants, both Greek and foreign, seek legitimation and negotiate power in their relationships with these sanctuaries. Just as tyrannical greed is intimately connected with impiety in the world of tragedy, so tyrannical expenditure upon offerings and religious building projects attempts to realign the tyrant and re-embed him in the religious sphere. In the tragic imagination, as Seaford suggests, the use of money may mark a failure in reciprocity, but on a pragmatic level it enables successful diplomatic exchange and marks pre-eminence. Thus it is that the Athenian demos engages in quasi-tyrannical expenditure with its massive use of public moneys, a phenomenon analyzed in Lisa Kallet's fascinating essay. The demos both taxes and spends in a demonstration of its pre-eminent power; its role as economic patron forestalls challenge from members of the elite, who do not have the resources to match it. The symbiotic relationship of tyranny, wealth, and expenditure (studied by Kallet and Seaford), taken together with the implication of the king or tyrant in religious concerns (as we see in the essays of Morris and Seaford), goes far to explain the extraordinary magnificence of the fifth-century building program on the Athenian acropolis. While Kallet rightly sees this as an instance of public patronage, it is significant that this patronage, to use Morris' words, marks "the convergence of polis and shrine." The third area where Morris' treatment of kingship is significant for this volume as a whole is that of regional geographic variation. This concern manifests itself in the remaining essays in two ways. It emerges as an awareness that we can best understand Athenian developments in light of a broader Greek context. Thus we note that robust forms of kingship established themselves chiefly on the margins of the Greek world, while the communitarian model had greater force in the heartland. Nevertheless, a network of economic, military, and diplomatic relationships ensured lively exchanges between widely varying constitutions. My own essay explores the notion of "constitutional slide" as a function of the close proximity of differing forms of government. The richness of constitutional variation allows both Plato and Isocrates to criticize democratic tyranny and construct political structures based on ethics rather than on the number of people in whom power was vested. Regional variation mandates an awareness of multiple audiences and permits the development of "amphibolic" readings of texts as diverse as Isocrates' Panathenaicus and the funerary monument of Dexileos, the object of an unsettling analysis by Josiah Ober. Ober rightly points out that tyranny in the Classical period was a concern to poleis other than Athens. Our tendency towards Athenocentrism often predisposes us to ignore this wider context, but to do so is to ignore an important area of cultural exchange. Tyranny could remain a concern in Athens because the Athenians had frequent contacts with kings and tyrants in a politically unstable world. But it was an exportable concern, as Ober's investigation of the Erythrae decree concerning repairs to the statue of a tyrannicide shows. Athens liked to export democracy to the subject cities of its empire, but its hatred of tyranny, and the concomitant iconography of resistance to tyranny was just as real an export. MORE In the Bible.. after the deception, God says that from then on, the serpent would have no legs and crawl around on his belly? Doesn't this imply that at the time the serpent DID have legs.. kind of like a reptoid? Genesis 3:15 "And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise they head, and thou shalt bruise his heel." Is there a race of reptoids co-existing with us? Is there a secret group, running the world who worship a reptoid? Is it just one of MANY reptoids? Is it the leader of the reptoids? Is it a completely different being, separate from those reptoids? Do those reptoids even exist? Are the reptoid race nothing more than Mankind's perceived evils personified into a form which is the personification of evil in the Bible? Is it the Bible which makes them Reptoid and not, say.. arachnid?

So would Eden be real? Not in the literal sense, but an actual place that man was banished from because of these reptoids?

Pindar.......the lizard king It is said that the garden of Edan was not on this planet and that we have been planted and the reptoid were our jailers?

On the subject of Reptoids and such, are any of you familiar with the statuettes from the Jarmo excavation? Reptilian people doing ordinary things, nursing babies, etc....and they also made them of regular people, so, combined with the ordinary activities they are depicted doing, not likely to be idols or anything of the sort....

Some basic info here: http://www.anthro.mankato.msus.edu/archaeology/sites/middle_east/jarmosite.html It's 7000 BC actually, and in Iraq....so probably largely destroyed by now

The stories about reptilian visitors extend from India, to Mexico, to China, back to North America, and Russia, and even many parts of Africa and South America.

There are a lot of links to Jarmo and these lizard people and many other early cultures of the with similar traditions. The Jarmo statuettes are the closest thing to hard evidence. It goes without saying, in a world full of skeptics, any bits of hard evidence are priceless.

If you want to know more about Pindar or these Reptilians go to David Icke's website http://www.davidicke.com

David Icke's Biggest Secret book has a photo of this statue.. This one is also from Iraq, but from the Ubaid area. It appears to be a reptilian suckling one of its offspring. The Ubaid period was from 5500 - 4000 B.C. A reptile statue found in graves of the Ubaid people who lived in what is now Iraq up to around 4,000 BC. This culture predates the Venus cataclysm which probably forced the surving reptilians underground or into another dimension. http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/sites/middle_east/alubaid.html As for Pindar, Icke translates the name as meaning Penis of the dragon and states that the (Pindar) is also known as the Marquis of Libeaux. At the time he was writing the book, Icke had little else to say about this particular reptilian other than stating that he is above the Windsors in the Brotherhood heirarchy.

Jarmo Jarmo is an archeological site located in northern Iraq on the foothills of the Zagros Mountains. For a long time it was known as the oldest known agricultural community in the world, dating back to 7000 BC. It is also one of the oldest Neolithic village sites to be excavated. It was first found in 1940’s by the Iraqi Directorate of Antiquities, which later recommended the site to Robert Braidwood of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. He had been asking about ancient villages in the Middle East for a study he was conducting. Under the Oriental Institute, Braidwood excavated the site at different times from March 1948 until June of 1955. He wanted to find out more about the origin of food production. The Jarmo archeological site was one of the first means of documentation for the way of life of civilization's first farmers and herders. There were approximately 100 to 150 people who lived in the village. Twenty permanent mud-walled houses, with stone foundations, tauf walls, and reed bedding, housed the residents of Jarmo. The people reaped their grain with stone sickles, stored their food in stone bowls, and possessed domesticated goats, sheep, and dogs. They also grew emmer and einkorn wheat, barley, and lentils. In addition to their agriculture, they also foraged for wild plants such as the field pea, acorns, pistachio nuts, and wild wheat. The later levels of settlement contained evidence of domesticated pigs and clay pottery. Since many of their tools were made of obsidian from beds 300 miles away, a primitive form of commerce must have existed. Bone tools, especially awls, were abundant from the site. Carefully made bone spoons and beads were also found. Braidwood said, after he was unable to excavate the site any further due to political reasons, that Jarmo as a settlement was an social and economical example for future Mesopotamian cultures that would arise around 4000 BC. It was also the first site in the Near East in which interdisciplinary field archeology was used to discover the origins of food production. Images courtesy of http://www.maxpages.com/ribbentrop/Jarmo_Iraq References: Laure, Gerald A., Old Testament Life and Literature http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/gerald_larue/otll/chap6.html 1968 The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archeology in the Near East http://www.maxpages.com/ribbentrop/Jarmo_Iraq 1997

This account is based on notes that I took from the 3 hour video. This video was made by David Ike and Bridge of Love publications http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B000068TUE/104-8874394-9939902?v=glance It is called 'Revelations of a Mother Goddess' [a title given to this lady - one of 3 in the world] and also accompanies David Icke's detailed exposition of this subject called 'THE BIGGEST SECRET' According to the Mothers of Darkness, the satanic cult based in Brussels who train and educate the MK child slaves as they are 'born to the blood' - the Aryan bloodline is Alien to this planet - they were a Race fleeing the Reptiles and got here 4000BC - then started mixing with the locals. Red hair, Blonde hair, blue eyes they may have been of great stature as recent excavations of the 8 foot tall Firbolg Knights in Eire suggest. Then, the Reptilian species - who have according to Giza plain mathematics have come from the Serpens star cluster [serpens caput and serpens cauda both of 7 stars] arrived in 2000BC and as record would have it - infiltrated the Human race and its social structure and began the hybridisation experimentation. One of which was the foundation of the Merovingian Dynasty [born out of half man and half 'fish']. There are 13 bloodlines from this kind of stock, and all of them have to a greater or lesser degree the capacity to play host to the Shape Changer Reptiles. The known shape shifting in human mythology goes back to North Africa, Tibet, Maya, Rome [called versae pellis effect]. The Reptile species is apparently on a loser because it had been brought into being in a very tenuous way. Its mission is to bring its ancestors [thought of as daemons] out of an abyss from which they cannot escape [Cthulu mythos etc] and seek to open up a gate or portal Yog Sothoth to enable them to do so. For this, they need lots of pure aryans. The occult ritual and ceremony [satanic/druidic etc] they perform on Aryan sacrifices serves several purposes. Because the Reptiles allegedly cannot call up their lost mates from the abyss, they need the magical/spiritual properties of the Aryans to do the ceremony for them. They turn up - after ritual has been rigourously followed, and give their special team of shape changers in this dimension encouragement to carry on looking for the way to go with the escape of the 'demons' from their abyss. Various MK-slaves are there, some get eaten some get 'orgied' - flesh and blood is devoured especially that of the sacrifice - a female whose combination of blood; preferred menstrual [thats why satanic/druidic ritual goes with the full moon] - and with the secretion from the pineal gland stimulated by intense fear, the sacrifice drives the Reptiles wild with carnage. The pineal gland or third eye in human terms is an alien piece of biochemistry in the human race - as any biochemistry text book will tell of its reptilian biochemistry - so it leads us to wonder whether or not the Aryan Race was a phase 2 hybrid created by the Shape Changing reptiles so that they could colonise this sector of the '3' dimensional cosmos. Reptiles could do with a pineal gland - because they want its mystical powers, but it looks like they have been unable to integrate this organ into their own being - as it gives access to dimensions of incredible energy and spiritual purity that would be a bit off-putting to a species hell bent on slaughter. The Reptiles are trying to bring through the 'Old Ones' in fact as characterised by HP Lovecraft in 'the Dunwich Horror'. They have a hypnotic gaze which fixes the victim - in a trance of terror - which promotes secretion of the pineal gland - at that point, they cannot hold human form any longer and shape shift in anticipation of supper. They have a pecking order at bloodfest ceremonies, and seem to need more and more blood these days as the planetary food supply is deteriorating in quality. [must be the additives etc] They have therefore capitalised on every Druidic and Magical date to try to get as much use out of the effect of the lunar cycle on female menstrual blood. They call this aspect of the menstrual blood Starfire, and indeed, one of the people in the UK Arizona Wilder 'fingers' as a Shape Shifter called lawrence Gardiner has written an article about 'Starfire and menstrual blood' in Nexus magazine. he is also behind the 'Order of the Dragon' an attempt to assemble and register the pure bloodstock of the UK in London. A list of other people Arizona Wilder says that she has seen shapeshift into Reptiles at these rituals; USA: Bush and 2 sons, Albright, Kissinger, Reagan and Nancy, J Rockefeller, Ford, Carter and LB Johnson. EUROPE: Queen Mum, Queen Liz II, Princess Margaret, Charles, Tony Blair, and prince Philip, Zecharia Sitchin, Laurence Gardiner. The big International and Interstellar leader she says is a chap called the Marquis de Libero - aka Pindar [phallus of the Dragon] who provides superior seed to impregnate the specially bred Aryan and Bloodline Children with - including - Princess Diana - who brought forth Prince William - Pindar's son. In the underground vaults of his castle in the Alsace Region of France, green glowing flourescent rocks turn stored menstrual blood black to be used at that special ritual - whilst in the great heat, clutches of Reptile Eggs incubate. The Queen Mother is second to Pindar/Libero and she is carried on a rich ornate chair before she changes into something much bigger and stronger. At the ceremonies, voluminous robes of red or purple richly decorated with gold, sewn jewels, and embroidered 'fleur de lis' are worn, not any human clothes for these would tear during the shift. All the British House apparently have jewel encrusted goblets to drink the blood from the symbolic female 'grail' and a symbolic dagger to give it a bit of a stir. Arizona Wilder then went on to describe the appearance of the British Royal family when they have underwent the shape shift. The Queen mum is 8 feet tall, with a snout, and fangs. All have a long tongue with hair-like protrusions - with claws for hands and feet. They have scales and these seem to disappear into one another, this, more pronounced on the back. Some have vestigial wings, all have a tail usually kept curled which is whipped about when agitated. The Queen Mum has a beige belly and more darkly speckled and mottled brown from the head and spine. The body has protrusions running down the spine. The eyes are large and round, protruding, varying in colour from beige to yellow to yellow green - with a black vertical slit for a pupil - the eyes can be hooded. Charles apparently has two large protrusions just above where his human ears are. The Queen [Liz II] is much darker, all over much more homogenous in marking, where the colours gradually and smoothly change to the head, tail and back. Arizona Wilder says that the princess Diana death was a ritual public sacrifice to usher in the Age of Horus [Egyptian magical tradition - rebirth of the dead god Osiris]. Because the magicians like to mirror dates, the dark goddess Hecate's number is 13, which was why the 31st August was chosen. (The mirror effect of numbers) It was a mirror of a Isis, Osiris, Horus ritual because 3 people died and the unborn baby Diana was carrying was the very special 3 months old. Apparently Baron Rothschild had to be in the tunnel at the 13th pillar where the accident happened to take the soul of Diana - and indeed an ambulance did arrive on the scene a minute after the crash. The driver Henri Paul was Mind Controlled and trained for the crash. Bits of Diana were then eaten by the hierarchy. Arizona Wilder has said that some Spencers were there at these Rituals, but that Diana would not attend - and that symptoms of Bulemia and Anorexia were mind control techniques used on her. Wilder also said that the smell of Diana's periods would have caused Charles to shape shift - especially whilst sleeping because the Reptiles cannot retain their human form without concentration. Arizona Wilder came across as sincere with this disturbing account and spoke of the hideous abuse to which herself and her children had been subject. . Andrew Hennessey Transformation Studies Group Edinburgh Scotland Pindar called Sirius "the shape-shifting dog of the Great Goddess." Chinese astronomers knew it as the Celestial Jackal (Lang) that legendary figures used for target practice (with the constellation Hu or Hushi, "bow"). SEE: EARLY ASTRONOMY BLOODLINES OF THE ILLUMINATI Who really controls world events from behind-the-scene? Years of extensive research and investigation have gone into this massively documented work. In this 624 page, large format book, Fritz Springmeier discloses mind-boggling facts and never before revealed truths about the top Illuminati dynasties. Discover the amazing role these bloodlines have played—and are now wielding—in human history, with family names such as The Astor Bloodline The Bundy Bloodline The Collins Bloodline The DuPont Bloodline The Freeman Bloodline The Kennedy Bloodline The Li Bloodline The Onassis Bloodline The Reynolds bloodline The Rockefeller Bloodline The Rothschild Bloodline The Russell Bloodline The Van Duyn Bloodline Merovingian (European Royal Families) Interconnected families: The Disney Bloodline The Krupp Bloodline The McDonald Bloodline You’ll also learn of the secretive, Chinese Li family, which operates with impunity in the U.S.A. and around the world. Along the way you’ll find out why President John F. Kennedy and actress Grace Kelly were killed; who created the United Nations; who controls the two major U.S. political parties; how the Rothschilds invented and control modern-day Israel; who secretly founded false religions such as the Jehovah’s Witnesses; and much, much more. A literal encyclopedia of rare, unbelievable information! FROM: CABAL OF CABALA -DAVID ICKE tells in CHILDREN OF THE MATRIX, of his first startling contact with "shape-shifters"...in early 1998... Page 229 ...in early 1998 when I was traveling around the United States....in a period of about 15 days I met 12 separate people in different locations, and from very contrasting walks of life, who told me the same basic story of seeing a "human" change into a reptilian form before their eyes. The people who told me these accounts included two television interviewers who saw their guest, a supporter of the New World Order agenda, shape-shift during a live interview. Afterwards one said he had been shocked to see the man's face turn reptilian and the other equally shocked, said she had seen his hands take on a reptilian look. Page 230 In Minneapolis, a gifted psychic lady told me she sees people in power, like Henry Kissinger, George Bush, and Hillary Clinton, turn into reptilians all the time. Page 241 SHAPE-shifting queens Arizona Wilder (a recovered mind control sex slave, like Cathy O'Brien, of Trance Formation of America book) told me how she had conducted sacrificial rituals involving the British royal family, Tony Blair, and famous American Illuminati names like George Bush, Bill and Hillary Clinton, Henry Kissinger and many others. The highest operative she knew in the Illuminati, she said was a guy calling himself the Marquis de Libeaux ("of the water"). His codename was Pindar, which she says means "penis of the dragon". Arizona told me how the Queen and Queen Mother regularly sacrifice babies and adults at many ritual centres, including Castle in Balmoral, Scotland, where they were staying at the time Diana was ritually murdered in Paris. The royal family involved in human sacrifice was fantastic enough, but here again came the constantly repeated theme. She described how, during the rituals, these people shape-shift into reptiles. Diane Gould, head of the US Organization, Mothers Against Ritual Abuse, also confirms this theme. In a telephone conversation about ritual abuse, Diane asked me if I could explain why many of her clients reported that participants in their rituals had turned into reptiles. People might want to dismiss all this, but they should know that, while they close their eyes and their minds, children are being sacrificed all over the world this very day by the reptilian bloodlines --- many thousands of them on the main ritual dates. Arizona talked about some of her experiences with Queen Mother: "The Queen Mother was cold, cold, cold, a nasty person. None of her cohorts even trusted her. They have names an altar (mind-control programme) after her. They call it the Black Queen. I have seen her sacrifice people. I remember her pushing a knife into someone's rectum the night the two boys were sacrificed. One was 13 and the others 18. You need to forget that the Queen Mother appears to be a frail woman. When she shape-shifts into a reptilian, she becomes very tall and strong. Some of them are so strong they can rip out a heart and they all grow by several feet when they shape-shift (This is what the lady said who saw Edward Heath, among endless others.)" Of the Queen, Arizona said: "I have seen her sacrifice people and eat their flesh and drink their blood. One time she got so excited with blood-lust that she didn't cut the victim's throat from the left to the right in the normal ritual. She just went crazy, stabbing and ripping at the flesh after she shape-shifted into a reptilian. When she shape-shifts, she has a long reptile face, almost like a beak and she is an off-white colour. (This fits many descriptions of the gods and the "bird gods" of ancient Egypt and elsewhere.) The Queen Mother looks basically the same, but there are differences. She (the Queen) also has bumps on her head and her eyes are very frightening. She's very aggressive..." "...I have seen (Prince Charles) shape-shift into a reptilian and do all of the things the Queen does. I have seen him sacrifice children. There is a lot of rivalry between them for who gets to eat eat what part of the body and who gets to absorb the victim's last breath and steal their soul. I have seen Andrew participate and I have seen Prince Phillip and Charles sister (Anne) at the rituals, but they didn't participate when I was there. When Andrew shape-shifts, he looks more like one of the lizards. The royals are some of the worst. Ok, as far as enjoying the killing, enjoying the sacrifice, and eating the flesh, they are some of the worst of all of them. They don't care if you see it. Who are you going to tell, who is going to believe you? They feel that it is their birthright and they love it. They love it." PAGE 136--137 gives a long list of VERY prominent world leaders and people from all walks of life--that are documented Illuminati figures and many of them shape-shifters. The names of some of these will surely ASTOUND you.... Obtain THE BIGGEST SECRET, and CHILDREN OF THE MATRIX from Global Light Network at: 1-888-236-2108, or browse our website at: www.global-light-network.com Here's the quote by David Icke... "THE WINDSOR-BUSH BLOODLINE Bush~Windsor~Piso Bloodline The Rothschilds, Rockefellers, the British royal family, and the ruling political and economic families of the US and the rest of the world come from these SAME bloodlines. This is why the so called Eastern Establishment families of the United States interbreed with each other as obsessively as the European royal and "noble" families have always done. And similar families across the world. It is not because of snobbery, it is to hold as best they can a genetic structure - the reptilian-mammalian DNA combination which allows them to "shape-shift". You will also see references on the site to "shape-shifting", the phenomena in which witnesses have reported seeing people (most often those in positions of power), transform before their eyes, from a human form to a reptilian one and then back again. You will find much about this in The Biggest Secret and Credo Mutwa confirms exactly the same experience in black Africa. Once again, ancient and modern accounts support each other. The ancient gods of the Indus Valley, the Nagas, were said to have been able to take either human or reptilian form. Former US president, George Bush, incidentally, is mentioned more than any other person in my experience in relation to shape-shifting. This is why his son is being brought through in the 2000 presidential election. Presidents are not EL-ected by ballot,they are SEL-ected by blood".

On Fri, 7 May 1999 - spirit@canada.com writes: IUFO Mailing List Cathy O'Brien and Mark Philips new book (Trance Formation of America) and their experiences, if factual, may represent one of the more important "leaks" from inside the mind-control empire. Interestingly, Cathy's revelations as a former high-level mind control slave form an important part of the evidentiary basis for David Icke's insights into a reptoid-masonic power structure in "The Biggest Secret." A friend of mine from the UK loaned me her copy of Icke's book. She's observed his work for several years in England, and tells me he was a respected sportscaster there. It was only after he exposed the Satanic-ritual murder and abuse rings surrounding the Windsors (Queen Elizabeth, Prince Philip, the Queen Mother, and others of the NWO) that his was attacked through disinformation in the controlled press - using apparently the tactic that Icke thought himself the messiah. One significance of Cathy O'Brien's revelations as a high-order mind control slave servicing an Elite (READ "Reptoid controlled) network is the co-ordination of the MKULTRA (k for "kontrolle") slave programme with global Masonic and Satanic ritual murder and abuse networks. If Cathy's accounts are factual, the following may be a socio-political-pathological reality: 1. Satanic ritual murder and sex abuse may be as a power-source and >controlling practice with key operatives in a global mind-control network. As a "Presidential Model", Cathy claims to have officiated at ritual infanticide, blood-drinking, and sexual abuse ceremonies in which the following key operatives took part: David Rockefeller, Henry Kissinger (Global consigliere) George Bush, William Clinton, Hillary Clinton, Sen Robert Byrd (Kathy's controller), Sen. Arlen Specter, Al Gore, Queen Elizabeth, Prince Philip, the Queen Mother (a Den Mother), Madeleine Albright (US Den Mother), Prince Charles, Prime Minister Tony Blair et al. The top Reptoid seems to be code-named "Pindar". 2. "The Most Dangerous Game" is a variation on ritualistic murder played by US Presidents. George Bush and William Clinton have played this together. Target mind control slaves are let go in a secured wilderness, and the Presidents hunt them with telescopic rifles. Alternatively, mind control slaves are ordered to jump from a helicopter in flight by the Commander in Chief. (George Bush allegedly did this, by Cathy's account.) 3. Key state social services and adoption agencies, and some Roman Catholic adoption agencies have served as farms to supply the necessary babies for the infanticide rituals. Facilities such as Disneyland are used to target "lost children" to feed the child ritual murder machine. Breeding facilities with single mothers exist to further supply the infanticide trade. 4. Secret facilities on military bases in Nevada hold infants in cages, subjecting them to gross and unspeakable abuse, according to mind control practices, to create a supply of dissociative mind control slaves. 5. Ruling class resorts such as Bohemian Grove in California hold Satanic ritual murder, blood-drinking and abuse rituals as an integral part of their retreats. Organizations like Bohemian Grove are part of the Reptoid-initiate farm system of the global mind control network. 6. What we know in secular and vernacular terms as NWO is at a deeper level a malevolent world-religion, based on Satanic-Baal-Masonic principles, operating on a long-term time horizon. Modern NWO objectives are being carried out using the MKULTRA methodologies, implemented through a network of co-opted and/or initiated elites. According to Cathy, the "K" in M"K"ULTRA was actually code-named Kontrolle, German for control, as a code-salutation to Josef Mengele, head Nazi mind-controller who was slipped out of Germany at then end of the war, along with Nazi elite. He stayed in the US mainly, under cover and directing US mind control operations, including MKULTRA. He died in 1990 in the US. The US mind control empire was actually established by the Nazi mind control apparatus being shipped here wholesale after the war. Cathy reports having met Mengele a number of times in the US. Apparently she or other mind control slaves also met Adolf Hitler here in the US. He was allegedly slipped out of Germany as part of Operation Paperclip. I have read creditable research by expert pathologists who examined the dental records of the alleged corpse found in the bunker, and it was by the forensic evidence not Hitler. So the very real possibility exists that Hitler and the entire Nazi inner core were in the US, carrying on the Agenda while we were growing up, studying, working, raising families, and watching the US distintegrate from the inside. The next Bilderberger meeting is scheduled for June, 1999 in Portugal. The resort where it is to be held is to be cleared for the 48 hours preceding the meeting, and guests fly in without visas. The formal agenda is "Globalization." The Reptoids face a double bind. On the one hand they perceive they have achieved many of the structural elements for the secular NWO scheme. On the other, many of the facts of the Reptoid inner core and plans are now surfacing publicly. Major universe forces seem to be inflicting boomerangs (Photon Belt). What will come out of this meeting must be decoded from the public announcements. There are many facets, obviously, to understanding this complex Reptoid pehnomenon that has been covertly trying to move for global control over thousands of years. This mind control empire facet is but one facet and not the whole game. The good side is that this information is now in the open, and that higher forces within the Universe - including the Photon Belt, are at work. Obviously, there is much more to know. FROM: http://www.beyond-the-illusion.com/files/New-Files/990531/mkultraReptoidMindControlmachine.txt

FROM Dan Winter: http://www.zayra.de/soulcom/invasion/ The Illuminati Hierarchy The leader of the Earths Illuminati is called the "Pindar". The Pindar is a member of one of the 13 ruling Illuminati families, and is always male. The title, Pindar, is an abbreviated term for "Pinnacle of the Draco", also known as the "Penis of the Dragon". Symbolically, this represents the top of power, control, creation, penetration, expansion, invasion, and fear. The holder of this rank reports to the purebred Reptilian leader in the inner Earth. Recently, there are reports that the Marquis de Libeaux is the Pindar, but this is disinformation. The true current Pindar is the head of the Rothschild family, as has been for several hundred years. He is based in Germany near Frankfurt. In the late 1970s, he oversaw the sister project to Montauk, called M.A.L.D.A. is an anagram for Montauk-Alsace-Lorraine Dimensional Activation. This project was located near the city of Strasbourg, France, historically once part of Germany. Interestingly, there is a winery on the east end of Long Island, not far from Montauk Point, called Pindar Vineyards. This wine is growing in popularity, gaining international accolades. This fits nicely into the plan, as this area will be a part of the capital district of the Earth/United Nations in the Empire State! Red wine is symbolic of the blood ingested by the Reptilians. The wine can become sanctified as it did in the Roman Catholic Church, a patsy for the Reptilians. In the Catholic Church, wine replaced the blood in ceremony. The Illuminati here on Earth have established a pyramid structure of control identical to the system that exists in the Draco Empire. The pyramid with the Reptilian eye, located on the American one-dollar bill, is symbolic of this control structure. The eye is the cap on the pyramid, thus explaining why the original surface of the Great Pyramid in Egypt was capped in solid gold. The Pindar is represented by the gold cap on the pyramid. The next layer, or "eye", on the pyramid represents the 13 ruling families. They are as follows: Rothschild (Bauer or Bower) - Pindar Bruce Cavendish (Kennedy) De Medici Hanover Hapsburg Krupp Plantagenet Rockefeller Romanov Sinclair (St. Clair) Warburg (del Banco) Windsor (Saxe-Coburg-Gothe) Each of the 13 ruling families is given an area of the Earth and/or a particular function to fulfill on the Earth. These particular functions include global finances, military technology/development, mind-control, religion, and media. Each of the 13 ruling families has a council of 13 as well. The number, 13, has great significance to them. They know that there are 12 types of energies that pass through the 10 aspects of God-Mind. The totality of the 12 energies equals a 13th energy. This is considered the most powerful knowledge. They also know that there are really 13 Zodiac signs, not the commonly acknowledged 12. They have kept the 13th hidden for centuries because it is the sign of the Dragon. They keep the qualities and traits of this sign secret to avoid giving away clues to the Reptilian mind-pattern. The next layer is the second-in-command families who do the support work for the Pindar and 13 ruling families. While all of the 13 ruling family members are shape-shifters, all members of the 300 supporting families are not. They do, however, all have a high percentage of Reptilian DNA. They are known as the "Committee of 300".These families include such notable names as Agnelli, Balliol, Beale, Bell, Bouvier, Bush, Cameron, Campbell, Carnegie, Carrington, Coolidge, Delano, Douglas, Ford, Gardner, Graham, Hamilton, Harriman, Heinz, Kuhn, Lindsay, Loeb, Mellon, Montgomery, Morgan, Norman, Oppenheimer, Rhodes, Roosevelt, Russell, Savoy, Schiff, Seton, Spencer, Stewart/Stuart, Taft, and Wilson. There are many others. The Committee of 300 use many well-known institutions to accomplish their goals, including the Council on Foreign Relations, Bilderburgers, Trilateral Commission, Club of Rome, Royal Institute for International Affairs, Mafia, CIA, NSA, Mossad, Secret Service, International Monetary Fund, Federal Reserve, Internal Revenue Service, and Interpol, to name a few. All of these are private organizations or corporations set up as public service devices, but this is far from the truth. The Illuminati structure also creates artificial countries to further their goals. Examples of these are the United States, Switzerland, Kuwait, the Soviet Union, Panama, Israel, Italy, Yugoslavia, the United Kingdom, most of Black Africa, all of the Arab countries, and all of Central and South America. These nations were created to amass wealth for the ruling families and their supporters, to hide or keep their wealth, and to create unstable conditions necessary to start wars or increase military budgets. Switzerland was created as a neutral banking centre so that Illuminati families would have a safe place to keep their funds without fear of destruction from wars and prying eyes. The United States was established with 13 colonies, one for each of the Illuminati families. The original flag had 13 stars, and still has 13 stripes. The eagle, the symbol of the United States, holds 13 arrows in its talons. The United States is actually a corporate asset of the Virginia Company that was established in 1604 in England with direct involvement of the Rothschilds. The finances of the Rothschilds were necessary to fund the exploration and exploitation of the North American continent. The assets of the Virginia Company, including the United States, are owned by the Holy Roman Empire via the Vatican. This occurred in 1213 when King James gave all English assets to the Reptilian Pope. Executorship remains with the British royal family, but actual ownership lies with the Roman Catholic Church. The United States of America is not named after Amerigo Verspucci, as you learned in school. The Illuminati would never name a continent, actually two continents, after an Italian mapmaker. The name is actually a combination of words. "Am" is the Hebrew word for "people". "Ame" is also the command form of the Spanish/Latin verb "to love". "Eri" or "ari" is a Hebrew term for "lion". "Rica" is the feminine form of the Spanish word for "rich". "Ka" is the ancient Egyptian word for soul, or spirit force within a body. There are two layers of meanings. The Ancient Hebrew/Egyptian translates to say, "the people of the lion with spirit force". Hence, the pyramid and all-seeing eye on the one-dollar bill. The Latinized version translates to say, "love riches", in a feminized/physical reality way. This gives an idea of what they had in mind. Take this a step further, and one sees the mixture of the feminine Latin/eagle ideas with the masculine Hebrew/lion ideas. The symbolic statement of America is that it is a combination of Lemuria and Atlantis; a blend of the human/Lyrae with Reptilian/Draco. Perhaps the anagram LSD, an Illuminati created drug, has a hidden meaning as well: Lyrae-Sirius-Draco! The combination of these three civilizations would produce the most powerful, technological Empire ever known! In 1776, the creation of the United States as an independent nation coincided with the declaration into public existence of the official Illuminati organization by member Adam Weishaupt, in Bavaria. Publicly, Mr. Weishaupt appeared to be determined to create an organization comprised of the European elite that would uplift mankind. Of course, this was part of an Illuminati global ceremony. The creation for the United States and the Illuminati global ceremony. The creation of the United States and the Illuminati organization were artificial beginnings for public consumption. The United States was the device to be used to bring the Illuminati into public acceptance. Current Illuminati members believe that Adam Weishaupt was a look-alike for George Washington, and it is actually Weishaupts image that appears on the one-dollar bill. George Washington was a wealthy slave and plantation owner. He is known to have raped some of his female slaves and used some of the male slaves in ritualistic ceremony. There are many people of the Black race who can literally trace their genetics to the founding fathers. George Washington also ordered the building of the Montauk Lighthouse in 1796. This lighthouse included an underground area for supply storage in case of a British coastline invasion. If he had only known what that area would become - or did he? The 13 ruling Illuminati families constantly vie for control amongst themselves. During this time period, the Spanish, British, and French Illuminati all fought to win control over North and South America. The Rothschilds kept these Illuminati factions in line by sending Hessian troops to monitor the situation. The leaders enjoyed these war games, pitting one against the other to see who would win. The hundreds of thousands of lives lost were meaningless to them. The Manifest Destiny of the United States was created to expand the territory of the Aryans at the expense of the native populations. As always, the Illuminati seek to destroy native peoples and their cultures. This is an attempt to destroy their knowledge of God-Mind, as well as the possibility that the natives will impart this information on to others. Especially important is their need to eliminate native cultures with ancient knowledge of Atlantis and Lyrae. The natives that gave them the most problem were the Cherokee Indians because this tribe retained most of their Atlantean knowledge, even accessing the Bear/Bigfoot frequency for information. For this reason, these people were uprooted from their homeland in the southern Appalachian Mountains, and forcibly marched to Oklahoma on what is now known as The Trail of Tears. Many died along the way. Only a remnant remained in North Carolina, Tennessee, and Georgia. In the north, the vast Iroquois/ Mohawk nation was disbanded. The Montauk, direct descendents of the Atlanteans who call their leader Pharaoh, were systematically eliminated. The Rothschilds were aggressively involved with the slave trade from Africa, importing slaves to North and South America as well as the Caribbean. They were very careful not to import Blacks from the eastern areas of Ethiopia or Sudan where the descendents of Solomon were located, instead concentrating on western and central Africa for the slave populations. These areas had the pure mixture of Annunnakki and simian genetics, and the programming desirable for the Illuminati agenda. The Rothschilds decided that splitting the United States colonies would double their profits. So they politically created, and financially supported, the Civil War. The Civil War was actually a global ceremonial ritual to bring slavery to its next level. This war allowed the North to win, and publicly abolish slavery. The best slaves are the ones who do not realize that they are slaves. This alleviates rebellion and resistance. This was the status immediately following the Civil War. Blacks in the South are still slaves. There is still segregation, even in the North. The Illuminati still consider Blacks to be second or third class citizens. Only now the slavery is subtle and masked. Since the Civil War, there have been other staged wars that entrenched the trend toward globalization. The Spanish-American War of 1898-1899 acquired more land for the American Illuminati, placing a greater portion of the Earth's surface under American jurisdiction. World War I was designed to change the map of Europe as well as test germ and chemical warfare technology for future use. This coincided with the worldwide influenza outbreak designed to reduce the global population, making control easier. World War I also laid the foundation for the German role in the next war. World War II was a test of the final globalization and extermination projects. It was also designed to test mind-control machinations; to test the use of fluoride which deadens brain activity and slows resistance to authority; to experiment with slave labor camps and study the development of resistance; and to teach the masses to spy and report on one another. World War II brought three primary goals of the Illuminati to fruition. The first was that hidden Illuminati symbolisms were brought to public attention from the underground strongholds in Tibet and Egypt, such as the Swastika and the ankh. The second was the creation of the State of Israel as a foundation for the New World Religion. The last was the creation of nuclear weapons as part of the Illuminati global ceremony. During World War II, the Germans helped to perfect "sex-slaves" as a means of transmitting information amongst the elite. Sex-slaves can be either male or female, who are sexually programmed using Wilhelm Reich procedures, which are illegal in the United States, but used by the Illuminati and government. These sex-slaves deliver messages and keep programmed sleepers in line. The sex-slave is downloaded with a message or function through various sexual acts and drugs, which can only be released by repeating the same sexual act with the target, or person, to be activated. They are trained to know their target's trigger words and trigger events to activate, delete, or change programming. In recent years, several women have come forward claiming to be the sex-slaves of globally recognized political figures. Many were used as information couriers between high-level male Illuminati. Usually, lookalikes of the political figures are used in the incipient programming as a focal point for the sex-slave. The slave is put through a desensitizing process, so there is no pleasure in the sexual act; it is merely a duty to be performed. Many times the slave becomes sexually promiscuous, repeatedly having sex with people who look like the intended target. It is a sad life. By the end of World War II, one of the three major Illuminati global rituals was accomplished. This was the nuclear explosion that took place in 1945 at the 33rd parallel as a test for the nuclear attack on Japan. This explosion was symbolic, representing the simultaneous creation and destruction of matter and energy. The year was symbolic as well. In numerology, 1 + 9 = 10, representing the 10 aspects of God-Mind. The number 10 further breaks down to 1 + 0 = 1, representing a new beginning. Continuing, 4 + 5 = 9, representing the end of a cycle. Symbolically, the entire event represented the end of a cycle to prepare for a new beginning using the new creation of God-Mind out of destruction. Additionally, a cylinder containing material still not explained by the government was trucked into the nuclear explosion testing. This cylinder was made from pure steel and allegedly was the same physical dimensions as the Kabala describes for the creation of Golems. Kabala is ancient Hebrew metaphysics that has been a staple for the Illuminati for millennia. Golems are artificial beings that are used as a slave force. It is highly probable that this was a symbolic ritual for the creation of the society of Golems. World War II also allowed the European/American Illuminati to destroy the Japanese Illuminati desires of global domination. The Japanese royal family, represented by Emperor Hirohito, have always been ostracized as non-legitimate by the ruling 13 families. The Japanese claim to be direct descendents of Lemurian purebred Reptilians. The European/American Illuminati claim that the Japanese Illuminati are descendents from a lower species in the Draco hierarchy. This lower species is considered a worker class without any political clout or influence. The European/American Illuminati also claim that East Indians are a lower species in the Draco hierarchy. The 13 ruling families consider light skin and hair to be an elite characteristic. On January 17, 1994, Japan sent a seismic event to California. Exactly one year later on January 17, 1995, the city of Kobe, Japan was seismically destroyed. Kobe was the home of the Japanese electromagnetic weaponry centres. The European/American Illuminati will not tolerate thorns in their sides. The destruction of Japan and its royal family will continue in the coming months. Every year, the Illuminati hold meetings to plan the events of the coming year to accomplish their main objective formulated millennia ago of global control and domination. In the 1850s, they pinpointed their target date for complete domination with an agenda called Plan 2000. This has since been revised to 2003. The fiasco election of George W. Bush Jr. to office is a key sign that they are on target. The public lesson of the United States presidential "election" of 2000 is that the citizens do not vote for anyone! Even the Illuminati are now finding it increasingly difficult to conceal their plans.

THEOSOPHY, Vol. 52, No. 2, December, 1963 (Pages 43-50; Size: 22K) THE TIMELESS KABIRI(1) FROM the very day when the first mystic found the means of communication between this world and the worlds of the invisible host, between the sphere of matter and that of pure spirit, he concluded that to abandon this mysterious science to the profanation of the rabble was to lose it. The Kabiri or the Kabirim [the name is Phoenician] were Deities and very mysterious gods with the ancient nations, including the Israelites, and were held in the highest veneration at Thebes, in Lemnos, Phrygia, Macedonia, and especially at Samothrace. They were mystery gods, no profane having the right to name or speak of them. Herodotus makes of them Fire-gods and points to Vulcan as their father. The Kabiri presided over the Mysteries, and their real number has never been revealed, their occult meaning being very sacred. The Kabiri were also Assyrian gods. In Hebrew the name means "the mighty ones," Gibborim. In Samothrace, an island famous and renowned for its Mysteries all over the world -- perhaps the oldest ever established in our present race -- they were the Samothraces. The latter are considered identical with the Kabiri, Dioscuri and Corybantes. The names of the Samothraces were mystical, denoting Pluto, Ceres or Proserpine, Bacchus and Æsculapius, or Hermes. At one time all the deities connected with fire, whether they were divine, infernal or volcanic, were called Kabirian. With the Christians, however, they are now devils, although the modern Archangels are the direct transformation of these same Kabiri. Those who know anything of the Samothracian mysteries will remember that the generic name of the Kabiri was the "Holy Fires," which created on seven localities of the island of Electria (or Samothrace) the "Kabir born of the Holy Lemnos" (the island sacred to Vulcan). According to Pindar, this Kabir, whose name was Adamas, was, in the traditions of Lemnos, the type of the primitive man born from the bosom of the Earth. He was the archetype of the first males in the order of generation, and was one of the seven autochthonous ancestors or progenitors of mankind. A Mystery, imparted to but very few initiates, was enacted once every seven years during the Mysteries, and the records of it are found self-imprinted on the leaves of the Thibetan sacred tree, the mysterious Kounboum, in the Lamasery of the holy adepts. In the shoreless ocean of space radiates the central, spiritual, and invisible sun. The universe is his body, spirit, and soul; and after this ideal model are framed all "things." These three emanations are the three lives, the three degrees of the gnostic Pleroma, the three "Kabalistic Faces," for the ANCIENT of the ancient, the holy of the aged, the great En-Soph, "has a form and then he has no form." The invisible "assumed a form when he called the universe into existence," says the Sohar, the Book of Splendor. The first light is His Soul, the Infinite, Boundless, and Immortal breath; under the efflux of which the universe heaves its mighty bosom, infusing intelligent life throughout creation. The second emanation condenses cometary matter and produces form within the cosmic circle; sets the countless worlds floating in the electric space, and infuses the unintelligent, blind life-principle into every form. The third produces the whole universe of physical matter; and as it keeps gradually receding from the Central Divine Light its brightness wanes and it becomes DARKNESS and the BAD -- pure matter, the "gross purgations of the celestial fire" of the Hermetists. When the Central Invisible, the "highest and greatest Creative POWER," saw the efforts of the divine Scintilla [Over-Soul], unwilling to be dragged lower down into the degradation of matter, to liberate itself, he permitted it to shoot out from itself a monad, over which, attached to it as by the finest thread, the Divine Scintilla had to watch during its ceaseless peregrinations from one form to another. Thus the monad was shot down into the first form of matter and became encased in a stone; then, in course of time, through the combined efforts of living fire and living water, both of which shone their reflection upon the stone, the monad crept out of its prison to sunlight as a lichen. From change to change it went higher and higher; the monad, with every new transformation borrowing more of the radiance of its parent, Scintilla (Soul), which approached it nearer at every transmigration. For "the First Cause had willed it to proceed in this order"; and destined it to creep on higher until the physical form became once more the Adam of dust, shaped in the image of the Adam Kadmon (Pitris). Before undergoing its last earthly transformation, the external covering of the monad, from the moment of its conception as an embryo, passes in turn, once more, through the phases of the several kingdoms. In its fluidic prison it assumes a vague resemblance at various periods of the gestation to plant, reptile, bird, and animal, until it becomes a human embryo. At the birth of the future man, the monad, radiating with all the glory of its immortal parent [Dhyani-Buddha] which watches it from the seventh sphere, becomes senseless. It loses all recollection of the past, and returns to consciousness but gradually, when the instinct of childhood gives way to reason and intelligence. After the separation between the life-principle (astral spirit) and the body takes place, the liberated soul -- Monad, exultingly rejoins the mother and father spirit [i.e., the Fire-Kabiri], the radiant Augoeides, and the two, merged into one, forever form, with a glory proportioned to the spiritual purity of the past earth-life, the Adam who has completed the circle of necessity, and is freed from the last vestige of his physical encasement. Henceforth, growing more and more radiant at each step of his upward progress, he mounts the shining path that ends at the point from which he started around the Grand Cycle. If one studies comparative Theogony, it is easy to find that the secret of these "Fires" was taught in the Mysteries of every ancient people, pre-eminently in Samothrace. There is not the smallest doubt that the Kabiri, the most arcane of all the ancient deities, gods and men, great deities and Titans, are identical with the Kumaras and Rudras headed by Kartikeya [Mars, personifying the powers of the LOGOS] -- a Kumara also. This is quite evident even exoterically; and these Hindu deities were, like the Kabiri, the personified sacred Fires of the most occult powers of Nature. The several branches of the Aryan Race, the Asiatic and the European, the Hindu and the Greek, did their best to conceal their true nature, if not their importance. As in the case of the Kumaras, the number of the Kabiri is uncertain. Some say that they were three or four only; others say seven. Thus, while in Samothrace and the oldest Egyptian temples they were the great Cosmic Gods (the seven and the forty-nine Sacred Fires), in the Grecian fanes their rites became mostly phallic, therefore to the profane, obscene. In the latter case they were three and four, or seven -- the male and female principles -- (the crux ansata), this division showing why some classical writers held that they were only 3, while others named 4. And these were, the Kabiri Axieros (in his female aspect, Demeter); Axio-Kersa (Persephone); Axiokersos (Pluto or Hades); and Kadmos or Kadmilos (Hermes -- not the ithyphallic Hermes mentioned by Herodotus ... but "he of the sacred legend," explained only during the Samothracian mysteries). They may very well stand for the alter-egos of the four Kumaras, Sanat-Kumara, Sananda, Sanaka, and Sanatana. The former deities, whose reputed father was Vulcan, were often confounded with the Dioscuri, Corybantes, Anaces, etc., just as the Kumara, whose reputed father is Brahmâ (or rather, the "Flame of his Wrath") ... were confounded with the Asuras, the Rudras, and the Pitris, for the simple reason that they are all one -- i.e., correlative Forces and Fires. The Kabirim, the "mighty ones," are identical with our primeval Dhyan-Chohans, with the incorporeal and corporeal Pitris, and with all the rulers and instructors of the primeval races, which are referred to as the Gods and Kings of the divine Dynasties. It matters little whether it is Isis, or Ceres -- the "Kabiria" -- or again the Kabiri. Every nation has either the seven and ten Rishi-Manus and Prajapatis; the seven and ten Ki-y; or ten and seven Amshaspends (six exoterically, if Ormazd, their chief and Logos, is excluded); ten and seven Chaldean Anedots, ten and seven Sephiroth, etc., etc. One and all have been derived from the primitive Dhyan-Chohans of the Esoteric doctrine, or the "Builders" of the Stanzas. From Manu, Thot-Hermes, Oannes Dagon, and Edris-Enoch, down to Plato and Panadores, all tell us of seven divine Dynasties, of seven Lemurian and seven Atlantean divisions of the earth; of the seven primitive and dual gods who descend from their celestial abode and reign on Earth, teaching mankind Astronomy, Architecture, and all the other sciences that have come down to us. These Beings appear first as "gods" and Creators; then they merge in nascent man, to finally emerge as "divine-Kings and Rulers." But this fact has been gradually forgotten. As Bosuage shows, the Egyptians themselves confessed that science flourished in their country only since Isis-Osiris, whom they continue to adore as gods, "though they had become Princes in human form." And he adds of Osiris-Isis (the divine androgyne): "It is said that this Prince (Isis-Osiris) built cities in Egypt, stopped the overflowing of the Nile; invented agriculture, the use of the vine, music, astronomy, and geometry." It is the Kabiri who are credited with having revealed, by producing corn or wheat, the great boon of agriculture. What Isis-Osiris, the once living Kabiria, has done in Egypt, that Ceres is said to have done in Sicily; they all belong to one class. To them, the Kabiri or Titans, is ascribed the invention of letters (the Devanagari, or the alphabet and language of the gods), of laws and legislature, of architecture, as of the various modes of magic, so-called; and of the medical use of plants. Hermes, Orpheus, Cadmus, Asclepius, all those demi-gods and heroes, to whom is ascribed the revelation of sciences to men, and in whom Bryant, Faber, Bishop Cumberland, and so many other Christian writers, too zealous for the plain truth, would force posterity to see only pagan copies of one and sole prototype, named Noah -- are all generic names. As to the Jewish Noah, no Occultist would ever think of dispossessing him of his prerogatives, if he is claimed to be an Atlantean; for this would simply show that the Israelites repeated the story of Vaivasvata-Manu, Xisuthrus, and so many others, and that they only changed the name, to do which they had the same right as any other nation or tribe. What we object to is the literal acceptation of Biblical chronology, as it is absurd, and in accord with neither geological data nor reason. Moreover, if Noah was an Atlantean, then he was a Titan, a giant, as Faber shows; and if a giant, then why is he not shown as such in Genesis? The Titans and Kabirs have been invariably made out by the theologians and some pious symbologists as indissolubly connected with the grotesque personage called devil, and every proof to the contrary has been hitherto as invariably rejected and ignored; therefore, the Occultist must neglect nothing which may tend to defeat this conspiracy of slander. Neither the Chaldean nor the Biblical deluge (the stories of the Babylonian Xisuthrus and Noah) is based on the universal or even on the Atlantean deluges, recorded in the Indian allegory of Vaivasvata-Manu. They are all the exoteric allegories based on the esoteric mysteries of Samothrace. If the older Chaldees knew the esoteric truth of Samothrace in the Puranic legends, the other nations were aware only of the Samothracian mystery, and allegorized it. They adapted it to their astronomical and anthropological, or rather phallic, notions. Samothrace is known historically to have been famous in antiquity for a deluge, which submerged the country and reached the top of the highest mountains; an event which happened before the age of the Argonauts. It was overflowed very suddenly by the waters of the Euxine, regarded up to that time as a lake. If, while coupling with this the fact that Samothrace was colonized by the Phoenicians, and before them by the mysterious Pelasgians who came from the East, one remembers also the identity of the mystery gods of the Phoenicians, Chaldeans, and Israelites, it will be easy to discover whence came also the confused account of the Noachian deluge. Thus it is very important to prevent fanatics from monopolising all the facts in history and legend, and from fathering their distortions of truth, history, and legend upon one man. Noah, is either a myth along with the others or one whose legend was built upon the Kabirian or Titanic tradition, as taught in Samothrace. He has, therefore, no claim to be monopolised by either Jew or Christian. If, as Faber tried to demonstrate at such cost of learning and research, Noah is an Atlantean, and a Titan, and his family are Kabiri or pious Titans, etc., then biblical chronology falls by its own weight, and along with it all the patriarchs -- the antediluvian and pre-Atlantean Titans. As now discovered and proven, Cain is Mars, the god of power and generation. Tubal-Cain is a Kabir, "an instructor of every artificer in brass and iron"; or, if this will please better, he is one with Hephaestos or Vulcan -- Vul-cain, the greatest god also with the later Egyptians, and the greatest Kabir. The god of time was Chium in Egypt, or Saturn, or Seth, and Chium is the same as Cain. Jabal is taken from the Kabiri -- instructors in agriculture, "such as have cattle," and Jubal is "the father of those who handle the harp," he, or they who fabricated the harp for Kronos and the trident for Poseidon. The history or "fables" about the mysterious Telchines, fables echoing each and all the archaic events of our esoteric teachings, furnish us with a key to the origin of Cain's genealogy; they give the reason why the Roman Catholic Church identifies "the accursed blood" of Cain and Ham with Sorcery, and makes it responsible for the Deluge. Were not the Telchines, it is argued, the mysterious iron-workers of Rhodes; they who were the first to raise statues to the gods, furnish them with weapons, and men with magic arts? And is it not they who were destroyed by a deluge at the command of Zeus, as the Cainites were by that of Jehovah? The Telchines are simply the Kabiri and the Titans, in another form. They are the Atlanteans also. "Like Lemnos and Samothrace," says Decharme, "Rhodes, the birthplace of the Telchines, is an island of volcanic formation." The island of Rhodes emerged suddenly out of the seas, after having been previously engulfed by the Ocean, say the traditions. Like Samothrace it is connected in the memory of men with the Flood legends. The Kabiri are in truth "the great, beneficent and powerful Gods," as Cassius Hermone calls them. At Thebes, the Kabirim Kore and Demeter had a sanctuary, and at Memphis, the Kabiri had a temple so sacred that none, excepting the priests, were suffered to enter their holy precincts. During the Samothracian Mysteries, "after the distribution of pure Fire a new life began." This was the "new birth" that is alluded to by Jesus in his nocturnal conversation with Nicodemus. "Initiated into the most blessed of all the Mysteries, being ourselves pure ... we become just and holy with wisdom." "He breathed on them and saith unto them, 'Take of Holy Pneuma'." And this simple act of will-power was sufficient to impart vaticination in its nobler and more perfect form if both the initiator and the initiated were worthy of it. To deride this gift, even in its present aspect, "as the corrupt offspring and lingering remains of an ignorant age of superstition, would be as unphilosophical as it is wrong," as remarked by a 19th century minister. "To remove the veil which hides our vision from the future, has been attempted in all ages of the world." The fact that, astronomically, the Titans-Kabirim were also the generators and regulators of the seasons, and cosmically the great Volcanic Energies, the gods presiding over all the metals and terrestrial works, does not prevent them from being, in their original divine characters, the beneficent Entities who, symbolized in Prometheus, brought light to the world, and endowed humanity with intellect and reason. They are pre-eminently in every theogony, especially in the Hindu, the sacred Divine FIRES, 3, 7, or 49, according as the allegory demands it. They were universally worshipped, and their origin is lost in the night of time. Yet whether propitiated in Phrygia, Phoenicia, the Troad, Thrace, Egypt, Lemnos or Sicily, their cult was always connected with fire; their temples ever built in the most volcanic localities, and in exoteric worship they belonged to Chthonian Divinities. Therefore Christianity has made of them infernal gods. Nor must it be lost sight of that the Kabiri were of both sexes, as also terrestrial, celestial and kosmic. While in their later capacity of the Rulers of sidereal and terrestrial powers, a purely geological phenomenon was symbolized in the persons of those rulers, they were also, in the beginning of times, the rulers of mankind. When incarnated as Kings of the "divine Dynasties," they gave the first impulse to civilizations, and directed the mind with which they had endued men to the invention and perfection of all the arts and sciences. Thus the Kabiri are said to have appeared as the benefactors of men, and as such they lived for ages in the memory of nations. They had other names in the "sacred language," known but to the hierophants and priests; and "it was not lawful to mention them." We find them pronounced, albeit slightly disfigured, as known in that same sacred language -- by the populations of Siam, Thibet, and India. And on the walls of the Cambodian Nagkon-Wat are to be found at this day several repetitions of the Kabirian gods of Samothrace. This may have escaped the notice of archaeologists, but upon stricter inspection they will be found there, as well as the reputed father of the Kabiri -- Vulcan, with his bolts and implements, having near him a king with a sceptre in his hand, which is the counterpart of that of Cheronaea, or the "scepter of Agamemnon," so-called, said to have been presented to him by the lame god of Lemnos. In another place we find Vulcan, recognizable by his hammer and pincers, but under the shape of a monkey, as usually represented by the Egyptians. It is easy to see that the excavators of Ellora, the builders of the old Pagodas, the architects of Copan and of the ruins of Central America, those of Nagkon-Wat, and those of the Egyptian remains were, if not of the same race, at least of the same religion -- the one taught in the oldest Mysteries. And if, as sometimes thought, Nagkon-Wat is essentially a Buddhist temple, how comes it to have on its walls basso relievos of completely an Assyrian character and Kabirian gods which, though universally worshipped as the most ancient of the Asiatic mystery-gods, had already been abandoned 200 years B.C., and the Samothracian mysteries themselves completely altered? FROM: http://www.wisdomworld.org/additional/ListOfCollatedArticles/TheTimelessKabiri.html NOTE.--Collated from the writings of H. P. Blavatsky. Pindar held pantheons to be immoral II 764 ----- Hymn to Jupiter Kabir Adamas first man II 3 ----- Hymn to Minerva Minerva on Jupiter's right hand I 401 ----- Nemean Odes Castor & Pollux II 122, 123 Gods & men of common origin II 270 ----- Olympian Odes Pherecydes [Pherenicus?] on Hyperboreans II 775 ----- Pythian Odes Aetna a celestial pillar II 763 "Happy," says Pindar, who passed through the august mysteries of Eleusis, "is he who has beheld them, and descends beneath the hollow earth. He knows the end, he knows the divine origin of life." As, in Pantanjali's system of Yoga, the pupil goes gradually onward and upward, from the state of animal man, through the stages of self-mastery and psychic development, until he flowers into the true Yogi and unites his consciousness with the infinite, so in all the mystical schools of Greece, Rome, Egypt, and other trans-Himalayan countries, he had to pass through a like education. [[Vol. 2, Page]] 118 THE SECRET DOCTRINE. "The early Second (Root) Race were the Fathers of the 'Sweat-born'; the later Second (Root) Race were 'Sweat-born' themselves." This passage from the Commentary refers to the work of evolution from the beginning of a Race to its close. The "Sons of Yoga," or the primitive astral race, had seven stages of evolution racially, or collectively; as every individual Being in it had, and has now. It is not Shakespeare only who divided the ages of man into a series of seven, but Nature herself. Thus the first sub-races of the Second Race were born at first by the process described on the law of analogy; while the last began gradually, pari passu with the evolution of the human body, to be formed otherwise. The process of reproduction had seven stages also in each Race, each covering aeons of time. What physiologist or biologist could tell whether the present mode of generation, with all its phases of gestation, is older than half a million, or at most one million of years, since their cycle of observation began hardly half a century ago. Primeval human hermaphrodites are a fact in Nature well known to the ancients, and form one of Darwin's greatest perplexities. Yet there is certainly no impossibility, but, on the contrary, a great probability that hermaphroditism existed in the evolution of the early races; while on the grounds of analogy, and on that of the existence of one universal law in physical evolution, acting indifferently in the construction of plant, animal, and man, it must be so. The mistaken theories of mono-genesis, and the descent of man from the mammals instead of the reverse, are fatal to the completeness of evolution as taught in modern schools on Darwinian lines, and they will have to be abandoned in view of the insuperable difficulties which they encounter. Occult tradition -- if the terms Science and Knowledge are denied in this particular to antiquity -- can alone reconcile the inconsistencies and fill the gap. "If thou wilt know the invisible, open thine eye wide on the visible," says a Talmudic axiom. In the "Descent of Man"* occurs the following passage; which shows how near Darwin came to the acceptance of this ancient teaching. "It has been known that in the vertebrate kingdom one sex bears rudiments of various accessory parts appertaining to the reproductive system, which properly belong to the opposite sex. . . . Some remote progenitor of the whole vertebrate kingdom appears to have been hermaphrodite or androgynous** . . . But here we encounter a singular difficulty. In the mammalian class the males possess rudiments of a uterus with the adjacent passages in the Vesiculae prostaticae; they bear also rudiments of mammae, and some male marsupials have traces of a marsupial sac. Other analogous facts could be added. Are we then to suppose that some extremely ancient mammal continued androgynous after it had acquired the chief distinctions of its class, and therefore after it had diverged from the lower classes of the vertebrate kingdom? This seems very improbable,*** for we have to look to fishes, the lowest of all the classes, to find any still existent androgynous forms." Mr. Darwin is evidently strongly disinclined to adopt the hypothesis which the facts so forcibly suggest, viz., that of a primeval androgynous ** And why not all the progenitive first Races, human as well as animal; and why one "remote progenitor"? *** Obviously so, on the lines of Evolutionism, which traces the mammalia to some amphibian ancestor. stem from which the mammalia sprang. His explanation runs: -- "The fact that various accessory organs proper to each sex, are found in a rudimentary condition in the opposite sex may be explained by such organs having been gradually acquired by the one sex and then transmitted in a more or less imperfect condition to the other." He instances the case of "spurs, plumes, and brilliant colours, acquired for battle or for ornament by male birds" and only partially inherited by their female descendants. In the problem to be dealt with, however, the need of a more satisfactory explanation is evident, the facts being of so much more prominent and important a character than the mere superficial details with which they are compared by Darwin. Why not candidly admit the argument in favour of the hermaphroditism which characterises the old fauna? Occultism proposes a solution which embraces the facts in a most comprehensive and simple manner. These relics of a prior androgyne stock must be placed in the same category as the pineal gland, and other organs as mysterious, which afford us silent testimony as to the reality of functions which have long since become atrophied in the course of animal and human progress, but which once played a signal part in the general economy of primeval life. The occult doctrine, anyhow, can be advantageously compared with that of the most liberal men of science, who have theorised upon the origin of the first man. Long before Darwin, Naudin, who gave the name of Blastema to that which the Darwinists call protoplasm, put forward a theory half occult and half scientifico-materialistic. He made Adam, the a-sexual, spring suddenly from the clay, as it is called in the Bible, the Blastema of Science. "It is from this larval form of mankind that the evolutive force effected the completion of species. For the accomplishment of this great phenomenon, Adam had to pass through a phase of immobility and unconsciousness, very analogous to the nymphal state of animals undergoing metamorphosis," explains Naudin. For the eminent botanist, Adam was not one man, however, but mankind, "which remained concealed within a temporary organism . . . . distinct from all others and never contracting alliance with any of these." He shows the differentiation of sexes accomplished by "a process of germination similar to that of Medusae and Ascidians." Mankind, thus constituted physiologically, "would retain a sufficient evolutive force for the rapid production of the various great human races." De Quatrefages criticises this position in the "Human Species." It is unscientific, he says, or, properly speaking, Naudin's ideas "do not form a scientific theory," inasmuch as primordial Blastema is connected in his theory with the First Cause, which is credited with having made potentially in the Blastema all past, present, and future beings, and thus of having in reality created these beings en masse; moreover, Naudin does not even consider the secondary Causes, or their action in this evolution of the organic world. Science, which is only occupied with Secondary Causes, has thus "nothing to say to the theory of Naudin" (p. 125). Nor will it have any more to say to the occult teachings, which are to some extent approached by Naudin. For if we but see in his "primordial Blastema" the Dhyan-Chohanic essence, the Chhaya or double of the Pitris, which contains within itself the potentiality of all forms, we are quite in accord. But there are two real and vital differences between our teachings. M. Naudin declares that evolution has progressed by sudden leaps and bounds, instead of extending slowly over millions of years; and his primordial Blastema is endowed only with blind instincts -- a kind of unconscious First Cause in the manifested Kosmos -- which is an absurdity. Whereas it is our Dhyan Chohanic essence -- the causality of the primal cause which creates physical man -- which is the living, active and potential matter, pregnant per se with that animal consciousness of a superior kind, such as is found in the ant and the beaver, which produces the long series of physiological differentiations. Apart from this his "ancient and general process of creation" from proto-organisms is as occult as any theory of Paracelsus or Khunrath could be. Moreover, the Kabalistic works are full of the proof of this. The Zohar, for instance, says that every type in the visible has its prototype in the invisible Universe. "All that which is in the lower (our) world is found in the upper. The Lower and the Upper act and react upon each other." (Zohar, fol. 186.) Vide infra, Part II., "Esoteric Tenets corroborated in every Scripture." 20. THEIR FATHERS WERE THE SELF-BORN. THE SELF-BORN, THE CHHAYA FROM THE BRILLIANT BODIES OF THE LORDS, THE FATHERS, THE SONS OF TWILIGHT (a). (a) The "shadows," or Chhayas, are called the sons of the "self-born," as the latter name is applied to all the gods and Beings born through the WILL, whether of Deity or Adept. The Homunculi of Paracelsus would, perhaps, be also given this name, though the latter process is on a far more material plane. The name "Sons of Twilight" shows that the "Self-born" progenitors of our doctrine are identical with the Pitris of the Brahmanical system, as the title is a reference to their mode of birth, these Pitris being stated to have issued from Brahma's "body of twilight." (See the Puranas.) 21. WHEN THE RACE BECAME OLD, THE OLD WATERS MIXED WITH THE FRESHER WATERS (a); WHEN THE DROPS BECAME TURBID, THEY VANISHED AND DISAPPEARED, IN THE NEW STREAM, IN THE HOT STREAM OF LIFE. THE OUTER OF THE FIRST BECAME THE INNER OF THE SECOND. (b). THE OLD WING BECAME THE SHADOW, AND THE SHADOW OF THE WING (c). (a) The old (primitive) Race merged in the second race, and became one with it. (b) This is the mysterious process of transformation and evolution of mankind. The material of the first forms -- shadowy, ethereal, and negative -- was drawn or absorbed into, and thus became the complement of the forms of the Second Race. The Commentary explains this by saying that, as the First Race was simply composed of the astral shadows of the creative progenitors, having of course neither astral nor physical bodies of their own -- this Race never died. Its "men" melted gradually away, becoming absorbed in the bodies of their own "sweat-born" progeny, more solid than their own. The old form vanished and was absorbed by, disappeared in, the new form, more human and physical. There was no death in those days of a period more blissful than the Golden Age; but the first, or parent material was used for the formation of the new being, to form the body and even the inner or lower principles or bodies of the progeny. (c) When the shadow retires, i.e. when the astral body becomes covered with more solid flesh, man develops a physical body. The "wing," or the ethereal form that produced its shadow and image, became the shadow of the astral body and its own progeny. The expression is queer but original. As there may be no occasion to refer to this mystery later, it is as well to point out at once the dual meaning contained in the Greek myth bearing upon this particular phase of evolution. It is found in the several variants of the allegory of Leda and her two sons Castor and Pollux, which variants have each a special meaning. Thus in Book XI. of the Odyssey, Leda is spoken of as the spouse of Tyndarus, who gave birth by her husband "to two sons of valiant heart" -- Castor and Pollux. Jupiter endows them with a marvellous gift and privilege. They are semi-immortal; they live and die, each in turn, and every alternate day; [[eteremeroi*]]. As the Tyndaridae, the twin brothers are an astronomical symbol, and stand for Day and Night; their two wives, Phoebe and Hilasira, the daughters of Apollo or the Sun, personifying the Dawn and the Twilight.** Again, in the allegory where Zeus is shown as the father of the two heroes -- born from the egg to which Leda gives birth -- the myth is entirely theogonical. It relates to that group of cosmic allegories in which the world is described as born from an egg. For Leda assumes in it the shape of a white swan when uniting herself to the Divine Swan.*** Leda is the mythical bird, then, to which, in the traditions of various peoples of the Aryan race, are attributed various ornithological forms of birds which all lay golden eggs.**** In the Kalevala (the Epic Poem of Finland), the beauteous daughter of the Ether, "the Water Mother," creates the world in conjunction with a "Duck" (another form of the Swan or Goose, Kalahansa), who lays six golden eggs, and the seventh, "an egg of iron," in her lap. But the variant of the Leda allegory which has a direct reference to mystic man is found in Pindar***** only, with a slighter reference to it in the Homeric hymns.****** Castor and Pollux are in it no longer the Dioscuri (of Apollodorus III. 10, 7); but become the highly significant symbol of the dual man, the Mortal and the Immortal. Not only this, but as will now be seen, they are also the symbol of the Third Race, and its transformation from the animal man into a god-man with only an animal body. Pindar shows Leda uniting herself in the same night to her husband and also to the father of the gods -- Zeus. Thus Castor is the son of the Mortal, Pollux the progeny of the Immortal. In the allegory made up for the occasion, it is said that in a riot of vengeance against the Apherides******* Pollux kills Lynceus -- "of all mortals he whose sight is the most penetrating" -- but Castor is wounded by Idas, "he who sees and knows." Zeus puts an end to the fight by hurling his thunderbolt and killing the last two combatants. Pollux finds his brother dying.******** In his despair he calls upon Zeus to slay him also. "Thou canst not die altogether," answers the master of the Gods; "thou art of a divine race." But he gives him the choice: Pollux will either remain immortal, living eternally in Olympus; or, if he would share his brother's fate in all things, he must pass half his existence underground, and the other half in the golden heavenly abodes. This semi-immortality, which is also to be shared by Castor, is accepted by Pollux.* And thus the twin brothers live alternately, one during the day, and the other during the night.** Is this a poetical fiction only? An allegory, one of those "solar myth" interpretations, higher than which no modern Orientalist seems able to soar? Indeed, it is much more. Here we have an allusion to the "Egg-born," Third Race; the first half of which is mortal, i.e., unconscious in its personality, and having nothing within itself to survive***; and the latter half of which becomes immortal in its individuality, by reason of its fifth principle being called to life by the informing gods, and thus connecting the Monad with this Earth. This is Pollux; while Castor represents the personal, mortal man, an animal of not even a superior kind, when unlinked from the divine individuality. "Twins" truly; yet divorced by death forever, unless Pollux, moved by the voice of twinship, bestows on his less favoured mortal brother a share of his own divine nature, thus associating him with his own immortality. Princess Diana's Death Her grave, on the "Round Oval", on the island in the lake. A path with 36 oak-trees, marking each year of her life, is leading to the "Round Oval". Originally the family-animals were buried on this island, including Diana´s favorite cat Marmalade. The oak and limetrees on the island are planted by the family, also by Diana herself. White Rambling roses are planted all over. At the end of the island stands an urn from Portland stone. Four black swans are swimming in the lake, symbolizing sentinels guarding Diana's grave. In a dream Charles Spencer saw this vision. In the water there are several water lilies. White roses and lilies were Diana's favorite flowers. See Other Photos See: Princess Diana's Walk Such is the occult meaning of the metaphysical aspect of the allegory. The widely spread modern interpretation of it -- so celebrated in antiquity, Plutarch tells us,**** as symbolical of brotherly devotion -- namely, that it was an image borrowed from the spectacle of Nature -- is weak and inadequate to explain the secret meaning. Besides the fact that the Moon, with the Greeks, was feminine in exoteric mythology, and could therefore hardly be regarded as Castor -- and at the same time be identified with Diana -- ancient symbologists who held the Sun, the King of all sidereal orbs, as the visible image of the highest deity, would not have personified it by Pollux, a demi-god only. **** Castor's tomb was shown in Sparta, in days of old, says Pausanias (III., 13, 1); and Plutarch says that he was called at Argos the demi-mortal or demi-hero [[mizarchagetas]]. (See Plutarch, Quaestiones Graecae, 23.) **** The Monad is impersonal and a god per se, albeit unconscious on this plane. For, divorced from its third (often called fifth) principle, Manas, which is the horizontal line of the first manifested triangle or trinity, it can have no consciousness or perception of things on this earthly plane. "The highest sees through the eye of the lowest" in the manifested world; Purusha (Spirit) remains blind without the help of Prakrit (matter) in the material spheres; and so does Atma-Buddhi without Manas. If from Greek mythology we pass to the Mosaic allegories and symbolism, we shall find a still more striking corroboration of the same tenet under another form. Unable to trace in Genesis the "Egg-born," we shall still find there unmistakably the androgynes, and the first three races of the Secret Doctrine hidden under most ingenious symbology in the first four chapters of Genesis. THE DIVINE HERMAPHRODITE. An impenetrable veil of secrecy was thrown over the occult and religious mysteries taught, after the submersion of the last remnant of the Atlantean race, some 12,000 years ago, lest they should be shared by the unworthy, and so desecrated. Of these sciences several have now become exoteric -- such as Astronomy, for instance, in its purely mathematical and physical aspect. Hence their dogmas and tenets, being all symbolised and left to the sole guardianship of parable and allegory, have been forgotten, and their meaning has become perverted. Nevertheless, one finds the hermaphrodite in the scriptures and traditions of almost every nation; and why such unanimous agreement if the statement is only a fiction? It is this secrecy which led the Fifth Race to the establishment, or rather the re-establishment of the religious mysteries, in which ancient truths might be taught to the coming generations under the veil of allegory and symbolism. Behold the imperishable witness to the evolution of the human races from the divine, and especially from the androgynous Race -- the Egyptian Sphinx, that riddle of the Ages! Divine wisdom incarnating on earth, and forced to taste of the bitter fruit of personal experience of pain and suffering, generated under the shade of the tree of the knowledge of Good and Evil -- a secret first known only to the Elohim, the SELF-INITIATED, "higher gods" -- on earth only.* In the Book of Enoch we have Adam,** the first divine androgyne, Moon, conceived as twins . . . The Sun, the immortal and powerful being that disappears every evening from the horizon and descends under the Earth, as though he would make room for the fraternal orb which comes to life with night, is Pollux, who sacrifices himself for Castor; Castor, who, inferior to his brother, owes to him his immortality: for the Moon, says Theophrastus, is only another, but feebler Sun." (De Ventis 17. See Decharme, p. 655.) Adam (Kadmon) is, like Brahma and Mars, the symbol of the generative and creative power typifying Water and Earth -- an alchemical secret. "It takes Earth and Water to create a human soul," said Moses. Mars is the Hindu Mangala, the planet Mars, identical with Kartikeya, the "War-God," born of Gharma-ja (Siva's sweat) and of the Earth. He is Lokita, the red, like Brahma also and Adam. The Hindu Mars is, like Adam, born from no woman and mother. With the Egyptians, Mars was the primeval generative Principle, and so are Brahma, in exoteric teaching, and Adam, in the Kabala. See also: THE ORPHIC THEOGENY

DIONYSUS

by T. Apiryon
Copyright © 1995, 1999 Ordo Templi Orientis. All rights reserved.

Also known as Bacchus, Iacchus, Bassareus, Trietenicus and Liber. Thracian god of ecstasy, terror, guilt and atonement, death and resurrection, vegetation, trees, wine, madness, and drama. Crowley thought Dionysus was "probably an ecstatic from the East," and one of the principle models for the syncretic legend of Christ. Herodotus places the birth of Dionysus (i.e., his appearance in Greece) at c. 1600 b.c.e. See Krishna, Chapter 71 of Liber Aleph, Part III of The Heart of the Master, Chapter 7 of The Book of Lies, and The Book of Thoth, II:0. Both Dionysus and his father Zeus are closely associated with the earlier Phrygian deity named Sabazios.

In the Orphic theogony (which differs substantially from the more well-known cosmogony of Homer and Hesiod), Dionysus appears successively in three forms: Phanês-Dionysus, the bisexual god of Light, burst from the silver egg of the cosmos (the so-called Orphic Egg is sometimes depicted as an egg girt with a serpent) at the beginning of time. Phanês was also known by the names of Protogonos, Ericapaeus, Eros and Mêtis ( a name previously applied to the Titaness who presided over the planet Mercury). Alone, Phanês created a daughter, Nyx (Night), with whom he begot Gê or Gaia (Earth) and Ouranos or Uranus (Heaven). These begot the Fates, the Centimani, the Cyclôpes (who built the world), and the Titans, with their leader Cronus (Saturn). In the revolt of the Titans against Uranus, Cronus became ruler of the World, and begat the gods. The leader of the gods, Zeus, wrested rulership of the world from Cronus by eucharistically swallowing his great-grandfather Phanes (Metis), assimilating his power. Zeus then took the form of a serpent and begot the second Dionysus, Dionysus-Zagreus, the Horned Child, upon his daughter Persephonê.

Zeus bequeathed rulership of the world and the underworld upon his son while he was still a child, even setting him upon the great throne and letting him hold the lightening-bolt scepter. This aroused the envy of the Titans and of his wife, Hêra. Hêra bribed the guards whom Zeus had entrusted to protect the child (the Kourêtes), and distracted the child with toys and a looking glass. While Zagreus was beholding his own face in the looking glass, the Titans, ceremonially smeared with white gypsum, entered and attacked him, tearing him to pieces and devouring him. Enraged, Zeus destroyed the Titans with his thunderbolt, and from their ashes, commingled with those of Dionysus-Zagreus, arose the human race. Humans are therefore of a dual nature: the Dionysian divine nature imprisoned in the Titanic material nature.

Athena, goddess of Wisdom, had witnessed the murder of Dionysus-Zagreus and had even managed to save his heart from the rage of the Titans. She brought it, still beating, to her father Zeus. Zeus consumed the heart, as he had previously consumed the Serpent-entwined Egg of Light of his great-grandfather Phanês. He then came to Semelê, daughter of Cadmus (Semelê was the Thracian word for "Earth") and begot upon her the third Dionysus, known as Dionysus-Lyseus or Bakkhos, or simply as Dionysus. [Another version of the legend has Athena preserving the heart of Zagreus within a small figure she fashioned from the gypsum of the Titans, into which she breathed life.] Dionysus was born on the winter solstice in a cavern in Mount Nusa (one theory of the origin of the name Dionysus derives the name from words meaning "God of Nusa"). Having been born twice, once as Zagreus and once as Lyseus, Dionysus is known as Dithyrambos, the "twice-born."

Hêra, always jealous of her mate's numerous lovers and their children, disguised herself as Semelê's maidservant and convinced Semelê that she deserved to behold Zeus in his true splendor. The next time she saw him, Semelê tricked Zeus into swearing to grant her a wish; which was, of course, that he reveal his true form to her. He reluctantly complied, and she was instantly burned to ashes by the intolerable glory of his manifestation.

Zeus placed Dionysus in the care of the Nysaean Nymphs, who nurtured him through his childhood, and for which they were rewarded by Zeus by being placed among the stars as the Hyades. [Another version of the legend states that Zeus hid the child within his own thigh until the child had attained puberty; an alternative theory of the origin of the name Dionysus derives the name from Dios-nusos, "the nurseling of Zeus".]

When fully grown, Dionysus discovered the methods of culturing the vine and extracting and fermenting its juice; but Hêra, ever jealous, struck him with madness and caused him to aimlessly wander the earth. Walking one day on the shore on an island in the Greek Archipelago, he was abducted by Tyrrhenian pirates, who mistook him for the son of a rich king and expected a heavy ransom. They carried him aboard their ship and attempted to bind him with ropes; but the knots untied themselves and the ropes fell to the deck. The sea around the ship turned to wine, and a vine began to grow up the mast. The god assumed the form of a lion or panther, and the pirates, in terror, leapt overboard and were transformed into dolphins.

In Phrygia, he was cured of his madness by the Great Mother Goddess, his grandmother Rhea (also known as Cybelê, Bona Dea and Magna Mater), who initiated him into her mysteries. He then set out to teach viticulture and to establish his cult among the peoples of the world.

He marched through Syria, Lebanon, Caucasian Iberia (modern Georgia), India, Egypt and Libya accompanied by a retinue of his votaries, dancing ecstatically and shouting the mystic word "euoi" (Latinized as the familiar "evoe"). His votaries included the female maenads or bacchantes, tattooed, clad in fox-skins and playing frame-drums or cymbals; the male satyrs, clad in panther-skins and bearing thyrsi (a thyrsus was a rod tipped with a pine cone, with streamers of ivy); and Silenus, his fat, aged, drunken companion and keeper, riding on an ass. Despite his slovenly appearance and his perpetual drunkenness, Silenus possessed immense knowledge and wisdom, and was greatly respected by the votaries of Dionysus.

The worship of Dionysus was savage and ecstatic, his votaries participated in orgia in which live animals (usually a spotted fawn, a goat, an ox or a bull) were torn apart and devoured raw. It was believed that the god entered the worshippers and possessed them through this Eucharist of living flesh, called the Omophagia. Animal skins and masks were worn, and a bull-roarer (rhombus) was used to simulate the thundering of Zeus.

As Dionysus and his retinue traveled the world spreading his cult, those who accepted him were rewarded with ecstasy. Those who opposed him were stricken with madness, and brought down by the hideous results of their own deranged atrocities. After establishing his cult across the known world, he returned to Greece, bringing his orgiastic Phrygian rites with him. He was not well received. Pentheus, king of Thebes, had him arrested, tried, scourged and thrown into prison. For this, Dionysus drove all the women of Thebes mad, including Agave, Pentheus's mother. They became maenads, and went out into the hills to conduct their Dionysian orgies. Pentheus imprudently followed them. Agave and her companions detected the spy, and in wild rage they fell upon him and tore him to pieces. Thus was Hellas converted to the religion of Dionysus; and Dionysus moved on.

On the island of Naxos, Dionysus discovered a girl weeping on the rocks. It was Ariadnê, the daughter of the Cretan king Minos, who had just been abandoned by Thêsêus. Dionysus fell in love with her; they wedded, and had many children.

Dionysus crowned his exploits by descending into the Underworld to recover his mother, Semelê. He took her to Olympus where she was ever after worshipped as Thyonê.

Many scholars believe that the Greek dramatic tradition ultimately originated in the ecstatic rites of Dionysus. The dramatic tradition is known to have originated in the Hellenic Mystery Schools, and the first of these schools was that of the Orphic Mysteries, which incorporated civilized, allegorical versions of the Dionysian rites into their system.

The ram, the dolphin, the serpent, the tiger, the lion, the lynx, the panther, the ox, the goat and the ass are sacred to Dionysus; and his symbols were the phallus, the bull and the thyrsus. According to Forlong, the Greek letters I.H.S. were carved over his shrine.

References:

Crowley, Aleister; The Book of Lies [1913], Samuel Weiser, NY 1978
Crowley, Aleister; The Book of Thoth [1944], Samuel Weiser, NY 1969/74
Crowley, Aleister; The Heart of the Master [Ordo Templi Orientis, 1938], New Falcon Publications, Scottsdale, Arizona 1992
Crowley, Aleister; The Gospel According to Saint Bernard Shaw [1916], Stellar Visions, San Francisco 1986
Crowley, Aleister; Liber Aleph vel CXI, The Book of Wisdom or Folly [Thelema Publishing, 1962], Samuel Weiser, York Beach, Maine 1991
Forlong, J.G.R.; Faiths of Man, a Cyclopaedia of Religions [Bernard Quaritch, 1906], University Books, NY 1964
Frazer, James G.; The Golden Bough; the Roots of Religion and Folklore [1890], Avenel Books, NY 1981
Gaster, Theodor H.; The New Golden Bough, a New Abridgement of the Classic Work by Sir James George Frazer; Mentor Books, NY 1959
Graves, Robert; The Greek Myths, Volume I, George Braziller, NY 1959
Guirand, F.; "Greek Mythology" in The New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology. Hamlyn, NY 1959/1968
Harrison, Jane Ellen; Themis; a Study of the Social Origins of Greek Religion [1912/1927], University Books, NY 1962
Herodotus; The Histories [c. 430 b.c.e.], transl. by Aubrey de S‚lincourt [1954]; revised, with an introduction and notes by A.R. Burn; Penguin, London 1972
Mead, G.R.S.; The Orphic Pantheon, The Alexandrian Press, Edmonds, Washington 1984
Ovid; Metamorphoses, translated by Rolfe Humphries, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 1955/1973
Puhvel, Jaan; Comparative Mythology, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1987
Robinson, Herbert Spencer and Knox Wilson; The Encyclopedia of Myths and Legends of All Nations, Kaye & Ward, London 1962
Wili, Walter; "The Orphic Mysteries and the Greek Spirit" [1944] in The Mysteries, Papers from the Eranos Yearbooks, Bollingen Series XXX.2, edited by Joseph Campbell, Princeton/Bollingen, Princeton NJ 1955/1978
Zimmerman, J.E.; Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Harper & Row, NY 1964

8/23/99

Originally published in Red Flame No. 2 -- Mystery of Mystery: A Primer of Thelemic Ecclesiastical Gnosticism by Tau Apiryon and Helena; Berkeley, CA 1995 e.v.

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Pandemonium and Silence at Corinth

Article by Richard and Catherine Clark Kroeger

Although we may idealize the early church, most of us would not have enjoyed a visit to a worship service at Corinth. The impression which one was most likely to receive was that of chaos and delirious insanity:

So if the whole congregation is assembled and all are using the 'strange tongues' of ecstasy, and some uninstructed persons or unbelievers should enter, will they not think you are mad? (1Corinthians 14:23, NEB)

Greeks considered madness an important aspect of worship. Women in particular responded to Bacchus (also known as Dionysus), the god of madness; 'him of the orgiastic cry, exciter of women, Dionysus, glorified with mad honors'. (Plutarch, Moralia 671c Ancient Corinth was a center of Dionysiac worship, and Pausinius, world traveler of the second century of our era gives this description:

In the market-place, for most of the temples are there, is the Ephesian Artemis, and there are two wooden statues of Dionysus, gilt except the faces, which are painted with red paint, one they call Lysian Dionysus and the other Dionysus the Reveler. The tradition about these statues I will record. Pentheus, they say, when he outraged dionysus, among other acts of reckless daring actually at last went to mount Cithaeron to spy on the women, and climbed up into a tree to see what they were doing; and when they detected him, they forthwith dragged him down, and tore him limb from limb. And afterwards, so they say at Corinth, the Pythian priestess told them to discover that tree and pay it divine honors. And that is why these statues are made of that very wood. (Description of Greece, II.ii; tr. A.R. Shilleto)

There was in Corinth, then, a significant monument memorializing the savagery of female Bacchus worshippers. Nor was such a feminine ferocity confined to Pentheus alone. Women under the inspiration of Bacchus were said to have torn Orpheus limb from limb; and Alexander the Great was supposed to have incorporated a group of these maenads (mad women) into his army in his attempt to conquer India. There was also a tradition that women during the course of the worship tore apart young animals and ate them raw, warm and bleeding, thereby receiving within themselves the life of the god. In a 1976 address to the Mystery Religions Division of the Society of Biblical Literature, Ross Kraemer argued that there is evidence that women participated in a second level of initiation in Bacchic worship that was not available to men. Among Dionysiac worshippers, writes Livy in his History of Rome, 'the majority are women' (XXXIX.xv)

While women were famed for their wildness in the Bacchic cult and in certain other mystery cults, other aspects of their worship were more traditional. Of special importance to the study of the situation Paul addresses is the concept of clamor, noisy outbursts of religious pandemonium. Strabo (first century) explains how popular writers describe the phenomenon:

They represent them, one and all, as a kind of inspired people and as subject to Bacchic frenzy, and, in the guise of minister, as inspiring terror at the celebration of the sacred rites by means of war-dances accompanied by uproar and noise and cymbals and drums and also by flute and outcry . . . (Georg., X, 3:7)

The 'sounding gong and tinkling cymbal' used in such worship are mentioned in a derogatory sense in 1 Corinthians 13:1; but the religious outcry itself is dealt with more directly. It is essential that we understand that much of the shouting involved in the rite was the specific function of women. Euripides describes the advent of Dionysiac religion to Thebes thus: 'This city, first in Hellas, now shrills and echoes to my women's cries, their ecstasy of joy' (Bacchae, 11, 20-24) The word used here for 'cry' is olulugia, defined by the Etymologicum Magnum as 'the sound which women make to exult in worship' and by E.R. Dodds as 'the women's ritual cry of triumph or thanksgiving'. Pausanias tells of 'the mountain they say was called Eva from the Bacchic cry 'Evoe' which Dionysus and his attendant women first uttered there' (Descr. of Greece, IV, xxxi) Menander also demonstrates women's role in worship: 'We were offering sacrifice five times a day, and seven serving women were beating cymbals around us while the rest of the women pitched high the chant (olulugia)' (Fragment 326). Women were expected, then, to provide certain types of sound-effects; and some of these effects seem to have been limited to feminine ministrants.

Apart from savagery and shouting, ancient writers usually describe worshipers of Dionysus as engaging in dancing, drinking, sexual promiscuity, varying degrees of undress, and other forms of excessive behavior. It was only in frenzy that one could hold communion with the god, or - in ecstasy so great that the soul seemed to leave the body - to become one with him.

There are significant indications that the old pagan religion still exerted a powerful influence on the recent converts at Corinth. They were uncomfortable over meat that had been offered to idols (8:1-13), and they had to be reminded not to attend sacrificial meals in pagan temples (10:20, 21) As in Bacchic feasts, there was drunkenness at the Lord's Supper and ecstatic madness at the worship services. A surprising description comes from the pen of the neo-Platonist Iamblichus as he explains the mystery cults, the popular religions of the day, for Dionysus was not the only god who inspired frenzy:

It is necessary to investigate the causes of the divine frenzy (madness). These are illuminations that come down from the gods, the inspirations that are imparted from them, and the absolute authority from them, which not only encompasses all things in us but banishes entirely away the notions and activities which are peculiarly our own. The frenzy causes words to be let fall that are not uttered with the understanding of those who speak them; but it is declared, on the contrary, that they are sounded with a frenzied mouth, the speakers being all of them subservient and entirely controlled by the energy of a dominant intelligence. All enthusiasm is of such a character, and is brought to perfection from causes of such a kind. (The Egyptian Mysteries, tr. Alexander Wilder. pp. 119f.)

Too often we regard speaking in tongues as a purely Christian phenomenon, but it was known in the ancient ecstatic religions; and Aristophanes in Frogs mentions 'the tongue of Bacchos' (357). While a heathen might babble without consciousness of what he was saying, there is no indication that speaking a known language without prior instruction was practiced outside of a Christian context. On the Day of Pentecost, such languages were part of the kerygmatic proclamation of the gospel. (Acts 2:4-11)

In 1 Corinthians it is clear that the gift of ecstatic language is a gift of the Holy Spirit (12:10). Yet it is also clear that the situation described in 1Corinthians 14 lacked the control of the Spirit, and that other, disruptive, elements were present. It is obvious that there could be little sharing, because too many were trying to talk at once; and much of what was being said required an interpreter to make it meaningful. Paul insists that only two or three may talk in tongues at any one meeting, and that they must have an interpreter. He who lacks an interpreter must keep silence (vs. 28). It is more desirable to build up the church through prophecy, and two or three may take turns prophesying. The person who holds the floor must keep silence (vs. 30) if someone else has a new revelation to share. The prophets must control themselves and respond to the group (vs. 32). For God is not the Lord of confused tumult (as was Bacchus) but rather of peace (vs. 33). When the Corinthians had been 'carried away' (12:1f) in the cult of 'dumb idols' they had felt themselves powerless to resist their force and fury, but Paul's message here is one of self-control under the influence of the Holy Spirit. If everyone feels impelled to speak at once, it is not the work of God, 'who would have all things done decently and in order (vs. 40)

It is in this context of self-control that women are asked to subdue themselves within the bounds of propriety (vs. 35). Although the translations are rarely the same, the same Greek verb is used in both verses 32 and 35. Hupotasso, meaning to arrange or place under, is in the middle voice, indicating that the person does this to him or herself. The concept of self-control is brought out in most translations of verse 32.

It is for prophets to control prophetic inspiration, for the God who inspires them is not a God of disorder but of peace.

New English Bible

For the spirits of speakers (in tongues) are under their control (and subject to being silenced as may be necessary). For He (Who is the source of their prophesying) is not a God of confusion and disorder but of peace and order. As (is the practice) in all the churches of the saints (God's people).

Amplified New Testament

The spirits of prophets are under their own control.

Weymouth

Prophets can always control their prophetic spirits since God is not a God of disorder but of peace.

Jerusalem Bible

The spirit of a true preacher is under that preacher's control, for God is not a God of disorder but of harmony, as is plain in all the churches.

J.B. Phillips

The gift of speaking God's message should be under the speaker's control.

Good News for Modern Man

The spirits of prophets are subject to the prophets.

Revised Standard Version

Remember that a person who has a message from God has the power to stop himself or wait his turn.

Living Bible

When the subject is so clearly self-control, how can the same verb be translated so differently in the very same passage when it applies to women? Quite literally, verse 35 reads, 'Let them [women] control themselves, as the law also says.' As women's behavior tended to be far wilder than that of men, such legislation had been enacted in both Greek and Roman society. According to Plutarch's Lives, Solon, in conjunction with Epimenides (an expert in ecstatic religion), had established laws aimed at curbing the cultic excesses of women. There was a special effort to restrain women at nocturnal orgies with men - conditions which must have seemed to an unbeliever not unlike those prevailing in the Corinthian worship service. Cicero wrote in his Laws:

Well, then, let us return to our laws, in which it is most diligently ordained that the clear daylight should be the safeguard of female virtue in the eyes of the multitude; and that they should only be initiated in the mysteries of Ceres, according to the Roman custom.

In reference to this topic, we have an extraordinary instance of the severity of our ancestors in the public prosecution and punishment of the Bacchanals by the senate, supported by the consular armies. And this severity of the Roman government is not singular, since Diagonadas of Thebes, in the middle of Greece, suppressed all nocturnal mysteries by a perpetual prohibition. (II, xv; tr. C.D. Yange)

Before the Roman senate passed stringent legislation limiting Bacchic participation, matters were explained by the consul:

In the first place, then, women form the great majority, and this was the source of all the mischief. Then there are males, the very counterparts of the women, committing and submitting to foulest uncleanness, frantic and frenzied, driven out of their senses by sleepless nights, by wine, by nocturnal shouting and uproar (Livy, XXXIX, xv; tr. in David Balch's 1974 Yale PhD thesis Let Wives be Submissive)

Phintys reported that the law of the city forbade any woman to participate in the orgies of the Great Mother (Stobaeus, IV, 23.61), in an attempt to control improprieties. While biblical scholars have vainly searched for such a law in Jewish tradition, there is considerable evidence that every legal effort was made to control ecstatic feminine behavior in Greco-Roman society. There is even more evidence that such efforts sometimes failed. It can be seen, however, that it was important to the early church that the behavior of their women should be above reproach and within the bounds of the law, for the charge of Bacchic behavior was hurled at the Christians by unbelievers (Origen, Contra Celsum, viii)

We turn next to a consideration of silence and speech as it is enjoined in 1 Corinthians 14:34. We have already noted that one who speaks with tongues but has no interpreter is asked to keep silence, as is the prophet when someone else desires to speak. It is not a complete prohibition for these individuals to share their gifts, but rather an instruction so that all may understand and all may profit. Only one person at a time is to share his revelation and only if it can be made meaningful to the congregation.

The second important emphasis in the chapter is on meaning. Paul himself would rather speak five comprehensible words than thousands which could not be understood (vs. 19). He asks that those elements which are disruptive or meaningless be silenced. In this was we may understand his dictum:

The women should keep silence in the churches. For they are not permitted to speak (Greek: lalein) (1 Corinthians 14:34, RSV)

It cannot mean that women are not to speak at all, for they have been given permission to pray and prophesy in 11:5 - provided they observe due decorum. Nor can the directive be a prohibition against speaking in tongues (14:39). Some other type of disruption must thus be under discussion.

It may help us to understand that the Greek word lelein refers primarily to utterance rather than to meaningful conversation. The term is used repeatedly in chapter 14 to describe speaking in tongues. Phrynichus, the ancient dictionarian, defined the term as 'to talk nonsense'. The word is used of gossip, prattling, babbling, animal sounds, and musical instruments. During the classical period, it usually was employed in a contemptuous sense. Debrunner, writing in the Kittle-Friedrich Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, states 'Lalein can also be used quite objectively of speech when there is reference to sound rather than than meaning. 'To what kind of utterance can St. Paul refer? There were many types of vocalization in ecstatic rites.

They have been heard to utter (different voices of equal strength, or with great diversity and inequality) in tones that alternated with silence; and again in other cases harmonious crescendo or dimenuendo of tone, and in still other cases other kinds of utterance. (Iamblichus, On the Mysteries, III, 4-6)

We have already mentioned heathen rituals in which frenzied shouting was expected from women and considered a necessary ingredient of the worship. Rogers translates this hymn from Aristophanes' Lysistrata:

Call upon Bacchus, afire with his Maenades [mad women];
Call upon Zeus in the lightning arrayed; Call on his queen, ever blessed, adorable;
Call on the holy, infallible Witnesses,
Call them to witness the peace and the harmony,
This which divine Aphrodite has made.

Allala! Lalla! Lallala! Lallala!
Whoop for victory, Lallalalae!
Evoi! Evoi! Lallala, Lallala!
Evae! Evae! Lallalalae.

The word lelein is fundamentally an onomatopoetic one, meaning, as Thayer's Lexicon puts it, to go 'la-la'. The Greeks shouted 'alala' both in worship and in war, and personified Alala as a deity (Pindar, Fr. 208 [78]; Plutarch 2.3496). It was this same repetitive and meaningless syllabification in pagan prayers which Jesus described: 'for they think they shall be heard for their much speaking' (Matthew 6:7)

New patterns of Christian worship appear to have been more difficult for women to adopt than men, as they had not known the dignified rite of Apollo or Zeus. For the most part, their religious expression had been accompanied by extravagances of every sort. We may quote Iamblichus again:

We affirm, accordingly, not only that the shoutings and choric songs are sacred to the gods, each and all of them, as being peculiarly their own, but likewise that there is a kindred relationship between them in their proper order . . . and the peculiar usages of Sabazian worship make ready for the Bacchic enthusiasm, the purifying of souls, and deliverances from old incriminations, their respective inspirations are, accordingly, different in every important particular.

Thou seemest to think that those who are enrapt by the Mother of the gods are males, for thou callest them, accordingly, 'Metrizontes' yet that is not true, for the 'Metrizontesae' are chiefly women (op cit., pp. 121-123

Such women must learn that they were purified not through shouting but through the blood of Christ and through the washing of the water of the Word.

It was important that the service of worship become meaningful. Women were encouraged to question their husbands at home, since the women had usually been denied an opportunity for education while the men participated vigorously in all manner of theological and philosophical debates. The questions should be asked at home so that the conversation would not disrupt the service. Neither was a woman to gossip or chatter with the other women during the service - surely a great temptation, for Greek women were closely confined to their homes. (On the rare occasions when they were allowed to leave, they were liable to kick over all the traces) 'For it is awful for a woman to gossip in church' - perhaps we should also add 'or on the sidewalk in front of the church or on the telephone'. And does not the same apply to men? 'For in Jesus Christ there is neither . . . male nor female' (Galatians 3:28)

More information on gender and the Bible can be found at http://www.cbeinternational.org

http://intelligentchristian.cwc.net/pandemonium_and_silence_at_corinth.htm

---

AN OCCULT SACRIFICE.

When it came, it was ferocious, it was certain.and it was cruelly appropriate. Whilst Britain slept, a black car named 'grace' slammed into the 13th pillar of the Pont d'Alma tunnel in Paris. The young Virgin Moon Goddess, the wannabee Mother Goddess died on the sun's day, Sunday 31st August 1997, with the sun in Virgo, the virgin. This was 27 days, a moon cycle, after the Queen Mother's 97th birthday.

Alma - Hebrew: unmarried woman. Diana was unmarried when she died.

Al-mah - Persian: the unmated Moon goddess.

The elements were all there, the sun, moon, virgin and blackness, the numerology, a black steed and a white steed (cars). The black car, a Mercedes, meaning grace (god's favour -moon) carried her into the tunnel (moon symbol symbollically as well as by name) to meet the white Fiat Uno (Fiat-order, Uno - number 1. So an order from the top - a royal command?), which vanished in to thin air -or into the back of a truck.

A year and a day passed between the Full Moon of Diana and Charles' divorce (28th August 1996, divorce No. 5,029 -both the date and the number add to 16 ) and her death in the tunnel. (The Full Moon shone into the 29th -the ominous 29th) The notion of a year and a day is a measure of time with significant magical, often ominous implications. It derives from the motions of the moon - surprise, surprise. There are 13 moons of 28 days in a lunar calendar. 13 days waxing, 1 day full, 13 days waning, 1 day dark. So a lunar year has 364 days, one more day is added to equal the number of days in a solar year. The day of the divorce was a Full Moon (17:52)

Diana wearing her

Virgin Cola jumper

In days of yore the New Year began in March. August 31st sits precisely at the middle point of the year. From March 2nd. until August 30th inclusive there are 182 days. August 31st being the soltary (sun) middle day, with a further 182 days from September 1st until February 28th. This matches up with the Lunar calendar; 182 + 182 being 364, the length of a lunar calendar. In ancient Rome, March 1st is/was an ancient feast day called the Matronalia, a day of protection for women, children and the family. Why begin on the 2nd March? Remember this is a dark agenda. The 2nd March at 09:37 was the beginning of the Crone Moon, Moon of the Dark Mother, Black Isis, Kali, Hecate, the Morrigan and all the other aliases for the old Serpent Queen, El. Dark spells and evil agendas were set that night.

The signature of the instigator is there for all to see. This was a sacrifice by a Moon Goddess of a Moon Goddess. The sacrifice occurred in a tunnel called moon, in a place where the moon cannot shine- it is dark, a dark moon. The Moon has three occult phases, Virgin (New to first quarter), Mother (Full) and Crone (last quarter to dark). At the time the Virgin Moon was Diana, The Mother was Queen Elizabeth II and the Crone or old Woman Moon was The Queen Mother. It's all death and rebirth stuff in reverse, where the old is reborn through taking the energies of the new.

Diana was sacrificed; it's one of the few things I am certain of. I am certain too that missing children are used to perform the same function.

BY THE NUMBERS AND 666

The Queen Mother was born on the 4th. Her full birth date adds to 4. Her full name adds to 22/4. 13th (as in pillar) adds to 4. 31st (as in sacrificial date) adds to 4. This was 4 years before her death at the age of 101 (Diana has a value of 29/ 11), approximately 4 months before her 102nd birthday (adds to 3. Diana's middle name, Frances is worth 3.) Diana's full name adds to 22/4 the same as the Queen Mother's. She accepted Prince Albert's proposal on January 13, 1923 (13 adds to 4). Her husband Albert was a 4. She was a member of the Royal Household for 13 years (4) before she became Queen. 2nd March 1997, the night black magic was summoned was a 4-day. The 182 days either side of August 31st total 11 each. Together they total 4. No doubt there are oodles more 4's in her life.

Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother expired at the end of the 15th month of the new millennium, at 15 minutes past the 15th hour, which is 666. It was Saturday (Saturn's Day - Satan), the 6th day. The actual date was 3003 2002 (30/03/2002. It was a 55/1 (sun) and an 11/2 (moon) day (Diana died in a Mercedes 600 in a 660 foot long tunnel again 666. Official claims say that Diana died at 4.a.m Paris Time in a hospital).

"(Queen Elizabeth) is the most dangerous woman in Europe." Adolph Hitler.

In days of yore the New Year began in March. August 31st sits precisely at the middle point of the year. From March 2nd. until August 30th inclusive there are 182 days. August 31st being the soltary (sun) middle day, with a further 182 days from September 1st until February 28th. This matches up with the Lunar calendar; 182 + 182 being 364, the length of a lunar calendar. In ancient Rome, March 1st is/was an ancient feast day called the Matronalia, a day of protection for women, children and the family. Why begin on the 2nd March? Remember this is a dark agenda. The 2nd March at 09:37 was the beginning of the Crone Moon, Moon of the Dark Mother, Black Isis, Kali, Hecate, the Morrigan and all the other aliases for the old Serpent Queen, El. Dark spells and evil agendas were set that night.

The signature of the instigator is there for all to see. This was a sacrifice by a Moon Goddess of a Moon Goddess. The sacrifice occurred in a tunnel called moon, in a place where the moon cannot shine- it is dark, a dark moon. The Moon has three occult phases, Virgin (New to first quarter), Mother (Full) and Crone (last quarter to dark). At the time the Virgin Moon was Diana, The Mother was Queen Elizabeth II and the Crone or old Woman Moon was The Queen Mother. It's all death and rebirth stuff in reverse, where the old is reborn through taking the energies of the new.

Diana was sacrificed; it's one of the few things I am certain of. I am certain too that missing children are used to perform the same function. (note)

FROM: http://ellisctaylor.homestead.com/QM.html#anchor_16687

A Nostradamus quatrain, C2, Q28, along with dream-visions and "coincidences" seem to suggest that recent events surrounding the death of Princess Diana are related:

"The last son of the man with the Prophet's name
Will bring Diana to her day of rest.
At a distance they wander in frenetic grief
Delivering a great people from ruin."

Dodi Fayed's father is self-made billionaire Mohamed Al-Fayed!

Maureen B. Roberts, PhD, had a great visionary experience at the time of Diana's death. It is now on-line at:

The Diana Myth - From Fairytale Princess to Grail Queen,
by Maureen Roberts, Ph.D.

In Maureen's experience, Diana corresponds to The Queen of Hearts of the Arthurian Tarot Deck, who is The Grail Queen.

FROM: http://www.greatdreams.com/eclipse.htm

Also see: http://www.greatdreams.com/princess.htm

---

Philip K Dick writes:

But still, we must realize that the universe although kind to us in its entirety (it must like and accept us, or we would not be here; as Abraham Maslow says, "otherwise nature would have executed us long ago") does contain grinning evil masks which loom out of the fog of confusion at us, and it may slay us for its own gain.

We must be careful, however, of confusing a mask, any mask, with the reality beneath. Think of the war-mask which Pericles placed over his features: you would behold a frozen visage, the grimness of war, without compassion -- no genuine human face or person to whom you could appeal. And this was of course the intention. Suppose you did not even realize it was a mask; suppose you believed, as Pericles approached you in the fog and half-darkness of early morning, that this was his authentic countenance. Now, this is almost exactly how I described Palmer Eldritch in my novel about him: so much like the war-masks of the Attic Greeks that the resemblance cannot be accidental. Is, then, the hollow eyeslot, the mechanical metal arm and hand, the stainless steel teeth, which are the dread stigmata of evil -- is this not, this which I myself first saw in the overhead sky at noon one day back in 1963, a description, a vision, of a war-mask and metal armor, a god of battle? The God of Wrath who was angry with me. But under the anger, under the metal and helmet, there is, as with Pericles, the face of a man. A kind and loving man.

My theme for years in my writing has been, "The devil has a metal face." Perhaps this should be amended now. What I glimpsed and then wrote about was in fact not a face; it was a mask over a face. And the true face is the reverse of the mask. Of course it would be. You do not place fierce cold metal over fierce cold metal. You place it over soft flesh, as the harmless moth adorns itself artfully to terrorize others with ocelli. This is a defensive measure, and if it works, the predator returns to his lair grumbling, "I saw the most frightening creature in the sky -- wild grimaces and flappings, stingers and poisons." His kin are impressed. The magic works.

I had supposed that only bad people wore frightening masks, but you can see now that I fell for the magic of the mask, its dreadful frightening magic, its illusion. I brought the deception and fled. I wish know to apologize for preaching that deception to you as something genuine: I've had you all sitting around the campfire with our eyes wide with alarm as I tell tales of the hideous monsters I encountered; my voyage of discovery ended in terrifying visions which I dutifully carried home with me as I fled back to safety. Safety from what? From something which, when the need was gone for concealment, smiled and revealed its harmlessness.

Now I do not intend to abandon my dichotomy between what I call "human" and what I call "android," the latter being a cruel and cheap mockery of the former for base ends. But I had been going on surface appearances; to distinguish the categories more cunning is required. For if a gentle, harmless life conceals itself behind a frightening war-mask, then it is likely that behind gentle and loving masks there can conceal itself a vicious slayer of men's souls. In neither case can we go on surface appearance; we must penetrate to the heart of each, to the heart of the subject.

Probably everything in the universe serves a good end -- I mean, serves the universe's goals. But intrinsic portions or subsystems can be takers of life. We must deal with them as such, without reference to their role in the total structure.

The Sepher Yezirah, a Cabbalist text, "The Book of Creation," which is almost 2,000 years old, tells us: "God has also set the one over agaist the other; the good against the evil, and the evil against the good; the good proceeds from the good, and the evil from the evil; the good purifies the bad, and the bad the good; the good is preserved for the good, and the evil for the bad ones."

Underlying the two game-players there is God, who is neither and both. The effect of the game is that both players become purified. Thus, the ancient Hebrew monotheism, so superior to our own view. We are creatures in a game with our affinities and aversions predetermined for us -- not by blind chance but by patient, foresighted engramming systems which we dimly see. Were we to see them clearly, we would abolish the game. Evidently that would not serve anyone's interests. We must trust these tropisms, and anyhow we have no choice -- not until the tropisms lift. And under certain circumstances they can and do. And at that point, much is clear which previously was occluded from us, intentionally.

What we must realize is that this deception, this obscuring of things as if under a veil -- the veil of Maya, as it has been called -- this is not an end in itself, as if the universe is somehow perverse and likes to foil us per se; what we must accept, once we realize that a veil (called by the Greeks dokos) lies between us and reality, is that this veil serves a benign purpose. Parmenides, the pre-Socratic philosopher, is historically credited with being the first person in the West systematically to work out proof that the world cannot be as we see it, that dokos, the veil, exists. We see very much the same notion expressed by St. Paul when he speaks about our seeing "as if by the reflection on the bottom of a polished metal pan." He is referring to the familiar notion of Plato's, that we see only images of reality, and probably these images are inaccurate and imperfect and not to be relied on. I wish to add that Paul was probably saying one thing more than Plato in the celebrated metaphor of the cave: Paul was saying that we may well be seeing the universe backwards.

The extraordinary thrust of this thought just simply cannot be taken in, even if we intellectually grasp it. "To see the universe backwards?" What would that mean? Well, let me give you one possibility: that we experience time backwards; or more precisely, that our inner subjective category of experience of time (in the sense which Kant spoke of, a way by which we arrange experience), our time experience is orthogonal to the flow of time itself -- at right angles. There are two times: the time which is our experience or perception or construct of ontological matrix, an extensiveness into another area -- this is real, but the outer time-flow of the universe moves in a different direction. Both are real, but by experiencing time as we do, orthogonally to its actual direction, we get a totally wrong idea of the sequence of events, of causality, of what is past and what is future, where the universe is going.

FROM: Philip K Dick

DREAMS ABOUT THE TRIPLE MALE TRINITY
... or Great Unite - and a number of other things, my sense is that the "Y" represents
the "goddess" with three ... Kali Yantra http://www.greatdreams.com/kaliyan.jpg. ...
www.greatdreams.com/drmpns.htm

DREAMS ABOUT THE TRIPLE GODDESSES
... The one on the top was "Roseanne (she called herself a 'domestic goddess') on
her comedy show. ... .
www.greatdreams.com/drmgds.htm

THE SYMBOLISM AND SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NUMBER NINE
... It is to be noticed, by the way, that 1+6+5+6 = 18, which is twice 9, while
4+3+2=9: 9 being a number traditionally associated with the Goddess Mother of the ...
www.greatdreams.com/nine/nine.htm

SIRIUS - THE DOG STAR - THE LOST AND MISSING STAR
... pointed to the star Sirius, circa 2450 BC Sirius was associated with the Egyptian
goddess Isis and ... NOTE: See this page: http://www.greatdreams.com/dogstar.htm. ...
www.greatdreams.com/dogstar.htm

DNA - PAST AND FUTURE
... The most notable characteristics of this period are the "sitting goddess figurines"
indicating a goddess-worshipping culture and the distinctive colored ...
www.greatdreams.com/dna_past_future.htm

THE SACRED BIRDS
... 1. O ye gods, if the pigeon, dispatched as the messenger of Nirriti (the goddess
of destruction), hath come here seeking (us out), we shall sing his praises ...
www.greatdreams.com/alex/sacred-birds.htm - 101k - Cached - Similar pages

DREAM OF 33
... The faithful representative on earth, the good lady, the goddess Isis searched for
her brother who was also her husband until she found that the coffin had ...
www.greatdreams.com/33drm.htm

The 7 Sisters of the Pleiades - THE BIG DIPPER
... Other versions made them the attendants of Artemis, goddess of wildlife and of hunting,
who were pursued by the giant hunter Orion, but were rescued by the ...
www.greatdreams.com/pleiades/7sisters.htm

CHANTING
... texts. Chants of modern witches and Neo-pagans consist names of the Goddess
and Horned God plus names of other pagan deities. The ...
www.greatdreams.com/chanting.htm

THE EARTHY TRIGON

... She chanted a sweet song to the God/Goddess Shimeekah. ... 15.The Triple Goddess (many mythologies) represent Maiden, Mother, and Crone. ... www.greatdreams.com/earthy_trigon.htm - 12k - Cached - Similar pages

AWAKENING TO THE CHANGES

... They say it was once a Pagan place of worship to the goddess Diana. .... www.greatdreams.com/aware.htm

Princess Diana's Life, Death, and Conspiracy Theory Links

updated 10-24-03. 1961 - 1997. "Your candle's burned out long before your legend ever will" . www.greatdreams.com/princess.htm

Osiris, Egyptian god of the underworld and of vegetation

... See also information on the religious item known as the Djed. The goddess was typically portrayed as a woman who wears on her head a vase of water . ... www.greatdreams.com/osiris.htm

DREAMS AND ARTICLES ABOUT ROYALTY, PRINCE WILLIAM, PRINCESS DIANA ...
... They say it was once a Pagan place of worship to the goddess ... http://www.greatdreams.
com/show11.htm DEES DREAMS AND VISIONS - JFK, JR. PLANE CRASH. ...
www.greatdreams.com/royalty/royalty.htm

The American Tragedy: A Symbolic Event, Part One
... http://www.greatdreams.com/Events/9_11_01/Amertrag.htm The American Tragedy: A Symbolic ...
later called the 'Great Keyhole' as 'The Earth Goddess' by researcher ...
www.greatdreams.com/Events/9_11_01/Amertrag.htm

The American Tragedy: A Symbolic Event, Manifest Revelation
... The location was used in ancient times as a place of worship of the moon goddess
Diana, the ... Princess Diana of Wales http://www.greatdreams.com/princess.htm. ...
www.greatdreams.com/Events/9_11_01/Amtrgrev.htm

The American Tragedy: A Symbolic Event, Part Two
... The giant bird waiting must be the female aspect, Mother Goddess. ... I would think
the mother was a Mother Goddess figure, but I'm not sure. ...
www.greatdreams.com/Events/9_11_01/Amertrg2.htm

DEATHWALKING WITH DIANA
... following several Dreams of Diana - of the connection between her and the Grail
Queen, and by the later intuition of Diana and the reawoken Goddess in general ...
www.greatdreams.com/diana.html

DREAMS, VISIONS, PROPHECY AND COINCIDENCES ABOUT PRINCESS DIANA
... Diana is the Roman goddess Artemis. She is the moon goddess and twin of Apollo. ... They
say it was once a Pagan place of worship to the goddess Diana. ...
www.greatdreams.com/dianpro.htm

DREAM OF THE BEAUTIFUL MAN AND THE TRAP
... Sumerian myths. The Egyptian Goddess Isis, who is sometimes depicted as
a mermaid, is also linked with the star Sirius. The Nommos ...
www.greatdreams.com/et.htm - 40k - Cached - Similar pages

DONUT (DOUGHNUT) SHAPED CLOUDS - THE DREAM AND THE REALITY
... FROM: http://www.greatdreams.com/skycirc.htm. ... in other ancient civilizations --
Babylonia’s Oannes, Acadia’s Ea, Sumer’s Enki, and Egypt’s goddess Isis. ...
www.greatdreams.com/donut.htm

DREAMS OF SKY EVENTS
... Other Goddess Mother figures may also represent Her, such as, The Divine Sophia,
Isis, Ishtar, Sakti, and ... See: http://www.greatdreams.com/lessons/schldays.htm. ...
www.greatdreams.com/sky.htm

DREAMS AND VISIONS OF THE HOLY GRAIL AND THE SECOND COMING OF ...
... The anticipated return of the 'bridegroom' and reunion with the Mother Goddess is
the mystery hidden behind the "Wedding at Cana" of the Gnostic Fourth Gospel ...
www.greatdreams.com/holygrl.htm

THE REPTILIANS - WHO ARE THEY REALLY?
updated 4-18-04 THE REPTILIANS. WHO ARE THEY REALLY? . www.anw.com/kesara.
"Drawing by Kesara as described by Pamela Stonebrooke". ...
www.greatdreams.com/reptlan/reps.htm

THE SYMBOLISM OF UFOS/ET EVENTS
... Mother Goddess myths seem to have this idea. "The Keys of Enoch", tells of a
light-being that appeared to scientist JJ Hurtak in the early 1970's. ...
www.greatdreams.com/joeufo/ufosym.htm

'SARAH' - A DREAM WITHIN A DREAM
... themselves. The numbers coded by gematria in her name indicate that Mary
Magdalene was the "Goddess" among early Christians. They ...
www.greatdreams.com/sarah.htm

TESTIMONY TO TRUTH
... eating. In Egypt to eat of the tree of ASHERAH was to eat the flesh of the
mother goddess and to gain knowledge of the tree of life. ...
www.greatdreams.com/sacred/testimony.htm

THREE DREAMS AND A BABY
... Horus personified the rising Sun according to ancient Egyptian mythology. Horus
was the son of Osiris, the god of air and earth and the goddess Isis. ...
www.greatdreams.com/3baby.htm

TRICK OR TREATING - WHAT IT REALLY IS
... The Egyptians revered the cat as an aspect of the goddess, Bast, and they mummified
cats with all the ritual, pomp and circumstance that befitted such regal ...
www.greatdreams.com/tricks.htm

DREAMS: WHAT'S GOING ON?
... 4-13-99 - DREAM - This was a lucid dream which lasted all night. The one name I
remember from the page was Hecate who is the goddess of the underworld. ...
www.greatdreams.com/whtson.htm

 

THIS BLOG CONTINUES ON PAGE 139

 

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