CHESS SET - THE GAME OF KINGS
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Dee Finney's blog
start date July 20, 2011
Today's date March 21, 2012
update 6-23-12
page 177
TOPIC: GOLD BULLET AND THE GOD JANUS
3-21-12 - DREAM - I was in a classroom of teens, evidently
their teacher. I was standing in the back of the room, and saw a blonde
boy put a gold bullet into his mouth, and when he saw that I saw him do this, he
tried to pass the gold bullet to the boy in front of him who looked exactly like
his identical twin brother. It took them so long to pass the gold bullet
from mouth to mouth, it looked like they were sucking on each other's tongues,
which was totally disgusting to me personally. Then I noticed that the
second boy had a face on each side of his head - front and back - and the gold
bullet passed inside his head from face to face and then I saw that there was
another identical boy in front of him to which he also passed the gold bullet,
and then I saw a third boy exactly like him, and realized the entire row of boys
were all identical and each with two faces and they were all looking like they
were sucking on each other's tongues - so the entire row of boys was doing this
simultaneously.
Because this was so personally disgusting to me, I forced myself to wake up,
but unfortunately, even though I was awake with my eyes open, I could still see
these boys, and I had to work consciously to get that sight out of my mind which
I couldn't do, though I tried desperately to raise the frequency of my own
consciousness, it only worked a little, until I noticed the light of the clock
face which was red, but when I looked directly into the light and said, "I see
the light", "I see the light", I couldn't see the faces sucking on each
other's tongues at the same time.
A male voice in my head said, "This is all about getting control of and
Mastering your own consciousness."
After a few moments of looking into the light, and saying, "I see the light",
the boy's faces faded away.
It wasn't until morning, that I realized, I had been looking at the God Janus
(the two faced God)
I also realized, this is the third time this happened to me this month, where
I could still see the faces after I woke up , floating in the air.
***************
AN EARLIER DREAM ABOUT JANUS
2-5-98 - DREAM - Joe and I were writing a book. One of the
chapter titles down towards the bottom was 'Janus'. It was about chapter 7or 8.
The chapter above Janus could have been something about crop circles. (not sure)
There were more chapters after Janus. (Janus was the God of Gates and Doorways,
the god of good beginnings of the day and of the agricultural year. His chief
temple is in Rome - It runs East and West, where the day begins and ends and had
two doors, between which stood his statue with two faces, one young and one old.
On one of the web
\
2-28-12 - DREAM - The dream seemed normal. It was early
morning and I was getting my kids ready for school, then things started to go
wrong. The bus hadn't arrived yet, and my son Ken hurt himself a bit and
needed to get clean clothes on, and he said that it was okay if he was late
because he had to help two girls down the street get ready for school, and I had
a vision of the girls with massive amounts of curly black hair which
looked very witchy like a picture I've seen of the Goddess
.
We went back into the house and went upstairs where my mother, who looked as
young as I did, was standing with a really handsome guy.
The guy had a blue T shirt on, which was inside out and backwards. I
told him about the T-shirt and that he should reverse it so he did, and he was
really good looking and we stood there grinning at each other.
We sat down at the kitchen table then, and he put his head in his hands like
he couldn't hold his own head up and I saw that he started to get blood on his
face - and in my mind, I said, "Oh! Oh!" and recognized that things were
going wrong.
All of a sudden my Uncle Lester was standing there and he aid to me, "Stop
acting so snarky." and I grinned even more, but I knew something was wrong
and I made myself wake up.
Unfortunately, with my eyes open, I could still see the guy with his head in
is hands - and I said to him, "The fun is over, the fun is done."
and he said to me, "Oh no it isn't - you are part of the Montauk Project.:
NOTE: I had a tough time staying awake. I was super tired and I
had to fight to stay conscious and get him out of my vision. It took over
five minutes to get rid of his face out of my consciousness. It wasn't
easy but I finally made it.
Then I went to my computer and in my journal, I said the exact words, "I made
myself wake up" 652 times.
Just recently I had a dream where two different men got weird bushes for
hair, and then one of them went outside to drive me home, and he turned into a
bush riding a motorcycle, and then all the cars turned into bushes riding a
motorcycle.
One of the guys turned into FDR and the other one into Abraham Lincoln and I
did a web page blog based on the connection.
I didn't realize I had 12 dreams with the two of them in them.
http://search.yahoo.com/search;_ylt=A0oGdSPqy0xPth0AQEGl87UF?p=site%3Agreatdreams.com%20%20%20Abrham%20Lincoln%20%20FDR%20%20blog&fr=slv8-att&fr2=sfp
I've written about Montauk 75 times:
http://search.yahoo.com/search;_ylt=A0oGdXmfzExPqU4AYXpXNyoA?p=site%3Agreatdreams.com%20%20Montauk&fr2=sb-top&fr=slv8-att
What's up with that?
3-17-12 - BLEED THROUGH DREAM - SHAPE SHIFTER I was with my
cousin Shirley and she was going shopping. I asked her if she could get me
a cell phone and she turned into a beautiful skinny ET with the most beautiful
black eyes I've ever seen.
#2 - I was with a little girl and she was handing me the pattern
for a purple flower cross stitch pattern. I reached out for it in real
life and my hand hit the file cabinet next to the bed. But I could still
see the pattern on the paper, so I told the little girl to lay it on the table
and I'd pick it up when I could get to it.
#3 - I was with my husband and son and we decided to go into the
locksmith business together. I took two jobs by phone but two young men
decided to try to scam us for a freebie job, which I caught onto.
The young boys turned into a group of really young boys about two to three
years old who just stood there and smiled and then grinned at me. I
started to laugh and made myself wake up and I could still see them in the air
in my dark room. The more I tried to stop seeing them, the harder they
grinned at me.
That's been happening more and more often recently where I can still see
people after I wake up floating in the air wherever I look.
(**************************
Several days ago, Joe and I were watching TV, and I closed my eyes, and I
could see five really old ladies 90 to 100 years old sitting on chairs next t
other bed watching TV also. Then a large group of middle-aged women came in
and stood behind them, and they also watch the TV, which had a biblical Hebrew
story about a donkey who could talk. An archaeologist was traveling
through the countryside, trying to find the spot where it really happened.
Finally, the show ended, and Joe turned off the TV, but now the women made a
circle of their chairs around our bed and watched us as we tried to fall asleep.
I must say that was a little unnerving to say the least.
That is into the first time either. Many times I've seen great lines of
people walking through the room, or coming down a stairway, some even with
heavy winter coats on. I 'm sure they were all dead people. One
gets tired of seeing endless lines o f dead people especially when you don't
know w other are where they came from or where they are going.
I've also seen scenes of women and children like a day care center.
Those people seem to see me watching them and they probably wonder whoh the heck
I am too. :-)
3-21-12 - MEDITATION: At precisely 12:15 p.m. I st
down in my comfy chair to meditate, and went to the 5th dimension healing
temple. That was really a trip. I found myself in a very large room
with a couple of white tables and chairs, a computer on one wall, and a large
empty space in the center.
My friend Mary Daddato (deceased) was there, and the other woman from the
earlier dream. We watched a video of the procedure in which our friend
Sharon from high school had been in the demonstration of the procedure was in.
When the demo was over, I printed it out.
Just then my old boss Leonard came in and I showed him the print out of
the demo, which had faded quite quickly, but a blue outline showed of the
clinician standing at the head of a massage table where the patients head would
go. I apologized for using his computer without permission.
He left then, and we girls sat there, with large pieces of paper drawing
lipstick pictures with real lipsticks of various shades of red and pink, and
then I was given a mirror so I could redesign my eyebrows that would also get
plucked during my treatment. It came 9ut in our conversation that all
three of us had sold makeup from various companies in our earlier days.
That was quite a coincidence. We'd now not only be healthy but beautiful
too when we were done.
Before I left there, I went over to a corner table where the telephone was
because I wanted to call Sharon and tell her I had seen her in the video of her
demonstration. I hoped I could remember her last name to find her phone
number in the white pages.
When I sat down by the phone, I saw four boxes stacked which came from the
record store at the mall where we were near. The large boas looked like
red and black chess boards, the smaller ones looked like they held CD's or 45's of
maybe video DVD's. The larger boxes were the size of 33 1/3 records.
At some point in all that I had a vision of a large game board that looked
like a scrabble board of orange, blue pink and yellow with letters every
so often that didn't make words yet. That was cool too. Lots
of colors.
THE JANUS CONNECTION:
|
The doctrine breeds a race of “spiritual
giants” called the NEPHILIM. ... The
Nephilim spirit produces “spiritual giants”
among men, those of “renown” who ...
www.greatdreams.com/reptlan/nephilim.htm
|
Diodorus of Sicily and Berosus give us the names of the
twelve great gods who presided over the twelve months of the year and the twelve
signs of the zodiac. These names, which include Nuah,* are too well known to
require repetition. The double-faced Janus was also at the head of twelve gods,
and in his representations of him he is made to hold the keys to the celestial
domains. All these having served as models for the biblical patriarchs, have
done still further service -- especially Janus -- by furnishing copy to St.
Peter and his twelve apostles, the
former also double-faced in his denial, and also represented as holding the
keys of Paradise.
Janus at the Vatican
[[Footnote(s)]] -------------------------------------------------
* The Talmud books say that Noah was himself the dove
(spirit), thus identifying him still more with the Chaldean Nouah. Baal is
represented with the wings of a dove, and the Samaritans worshipped on Mount
Gerizim the image of a dove. "Talmud, Tract. Chalin.," fol. 6, col. 1.
page 449
former also double-faced in his denial, and also
represented as holding the keys of Paradise.
This statement that the story of Noah is but another
version in its hidden meaning of the story of Adam and his three sons, gathers
proof on every page of the book of Genesis. Adam is the prototype of
Noah. Adam falls because he eats of the forbidden fruit of
celestial knowledge; Noah, because he tastes of the terrestrial
fruit: the juice of the grape representing the abuse of knowledge in an
unbalanced mind. Adam gets stripped of his spiritual
envelope; Noah of his terrestrial clothing; and the nakedness of both
makes them feel ashamed. The wickedness of Cain is repeated in Ham. But the
descendants of both are shown as the wisest of races on earth; and they are
called on this account "snakes," and the "sons of snakes," meaning the sons
of wisdom, and not of Satan, as some divines would be pleased to have the
world understand the term. Enmity has been placed between the "snake" and
the "woman" only in this mortal phenomenal "world of man" as "born of woman."
Before the carnal fall, the "snake" was Ophis, the divine wisdom, which
needed no matter to procreate men, humanity being utterly spiritual. Hence the
war between the snake and the woman, or between spirit and matter.
If, in its material aspect, the "old serpent" is matter,
and represents Ophiomorphos, in its spiritual meaning it becomes Ophis-Christos.
In the magic of the old Syro-Chaldeans both are conjoint in the zodiacal sign of
the androgyne of Virgo-Scorpio, and may be divided or separated
whenever needed. Thus as the origin of "good and evil," the meaning of the S.S.
and Z.Z. has always been interchangeable; and if upon some occasions the S.S. on
sigils and talismans are suggestive of serpentine evil influence and denote a
design of black magic upon others, the double S.S. are found on the
sacramental cups of the Church and mean the presence of the Holy Ghost, or pure
wisdom.
The Midianites were known as the wise men, or sons
of snakes, as well as Canaanites and Hamites; and such was the renown of the
Midianites, that we find Moses, the prophet, led on, and inspired by "the
Lord," humbling himself before Hobab, the son of Raguel, the
Midianite, and beseeching him to remain with the people of Israel:
"Leave us not, I pray thee; forasmuch as thou knowest how we are to encamp
IN THE WILDERNESS, thou mayest be to us instead of eyes."*
Further, when Moses sends spies to search out the land of Canaan, they
bring as a proof of the wisdom (kabalistically speaking) and goodness of the
land, a branch with one cluster of grapes, which they are
compelled to bear between two men on a staff. Moreover, they add: "we saw the
children of ANAK there."
[[Footnote(s)]] -------------------------------------------------
|
Numbers x. 29, 31.
page 450
They are the giants,
the sons of Anak, "which come of the giants,* and we
were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight."**
Anak is Enoch, the patriarch, who dies
not, and who is the first possessor of the "mirific name,"
according to the Kabala, and the ritual of Freemasonry.
Comparing the biblical patriarchs with the descendants of
Vaiswasvata, the Hindu Noah, and the old Sanscrit traditions about the
deluge in the Brahmanical Mahabharata, we find them mirrored in
the Vaidic patriarchs who are the primitive types upon which all the
others were modelled. But before comparison is possible, the Hindu myths
must be comprehended in their true significance. Each of these mythical
personages bears, besides an astronomical significance, a spiritual or
moral, and an anthropological or physical meaning. The patriarchs are
not only euhemerized gods -- the prediluvian answering to the twelve
great gods of Berosus, and to the ten Pradjapati, and the
postdiluvian to the seven gods of the famous tablet in the Ninevean
Library, but they stand also as the symbols of the Greek AEons, the
kabalistic Sephiroth, and the zodiacal signs, as types of a series of
human races.*** This variation from ten to twelve will
be accounted for presently, and proved on the very authority
[[Footnote(s)]] -------------------------------------------------
* The Bible contradicts itself as well as the
Chaldean account, for in chapter vii. of Genesis it shows "every one of
them" perishing in the deluge.
** Numbers xiii.
*** We do not see why the clergy -- especially the
Catholic -- should object to our statement that the patriarchs are all
signs of the zodiac, and the old gods of the "heathen" as well. There
was a time, and that less than two centuries ago, when they themselves
exhibited the most fervent desire to relapse into sun and star worship.
This pious and curious attempt was denounced but a few months since by
Camille Flammarion, the French astronomer. He shows two Augsburgian
Jesuits, Schiller and Bayer, who felt quite anxious to change the names
of the whole Sabean host of the starry heaven, and worship them again
under Christian names! Having anathematized the idolatrous
sun-worshippers for over fifteen centuries, the Church now seriously
proposed to continue heliolatry -- to the letter this time --
as their idea was to substitute for Pagan myths biblical and (in their
ideas) real personages. They would have called the
sun, Christ; the moon, Virgin Mary; Saturn, Adam; Jupiter, Moses (!);
Mars, Joshua; Venus, John the Baptist; and Mercury, Elias.
Floor in the Vatican
The sign of Leo is directly above the Pope's head. Leo rules
Fame/France/Italy/Light/Love Kings and the throne
And very proper substitutes too, showing the great
familiarity of the Catholic Church with ancient Pagan and kabalistic
learning, and its readiness, perhaps, to at last confess the source
whence came their own myths. For is not king Messiah the sun, the
Demiurge of the heliolaters, under various names? Is he not the Egyptian
Osiris and the Grecian Apollo?
|
Osiris plays a key role and is a central
figure in the ancient Egyptian mysteries and in
the Order Of The Morning Star. It was Osiris who
was the beloved ...
www.greatdreams.com/osiris.htm
|
And what more appropriate
name than Virgin Mary for the Pagan Diana-Astarte, "the Queen of
Heaven," against which Jeremiah exhausted a whole vocabulary of
imprecations? Such an adoption would have been historically as
well as religiously correct. Two large plates were prepared, says
Flammarion, in a recent number of "La Nature,"
[[Footnotes continued on next page]]
page 451
of the Bible. Only, they are not the first
gods described by Cicero,* which belong to a hierarchy of higher powers,
the Elohim -- but appertain rather to the second
class of the "twelve gods," the Dii minores, and who are
the terrestrial reflections of the first, among whom Herodotus places
Hercules.** Alone, out of the group of twelve, Noah, by reason of his
position at the transitional point, belongs to the highest Babylonian
triad, Noah, the spirit of the waters. The rest are identical with the
inferior gods of Assyria and Babylonia, who represented the lower order
of emanations, introduced around Bel, the Demiurge, and help him in his
work, as the patriarchs are shown to assist Jehovah -- the "Lord God."
Besides these, many of which were local gods, the
protecting deities of rivers and cities, there were the four classes of
genius, we see Ezekiel making them support the throne of Jehovah in his
vision. A fact which, if it identifies the Jewish "Lord God" with one of
the Babylonian trinity, connects, at the same time, the present
Christian God with the same triad, inasmuch as it is these four cherubs,
if the reader will remember, on which Irenaeus makes Jesus ride, and
which are shown as the companions of the evangelists.
The Hindu kabalistic derivation of
the books of Ezekiel and Revelation are shown in
nothing more plainly than in this description of the four beasts, which
typify the four elementary kingdoms -- earth, air, fire, and water. As
is well known, they are the Assyrian sphinxes, but these figures are
also carved on the walls of nearly every Hindu pagoda.
The author of the Revelation copies
faithfully in his text (see
Rev. 4:7) the Pythagorean pentacle, of which Levi's admirable sketch
is reproduced on page 452.
The Hindu goddess Adanari (or as it might be
more properly written, Adonari, since the second a is pronounced almost
like the English o) is represented as surrounded by the same figures. It
fits exactly Ezekiel's "wheel of the Adonai," known as "the Cherub of
Jeheskiel," and indicates, beyond question, the source from which the
Hebrew seer drew his allegories. For convenience of comparison we have
placed the figure in the pentacle. (See page 453.)
[[Footnote(s)]] -------------------------------------------------
[[Footnotes continued from previous page]] and
represented the heavens with Christian constellations instead of Pagan.
Apostles, popes, saints, martyrs, and personages of the Old and New
Testament completed this Christian Sabeanism. "The disciples of Loyola
used every exertion to make this plan succeed." It is curious to find in
India among the Mussulmans the name of Terah, Abraham's father, Azar or
Azarh, and Azur, which also means fire, and is, at the same time, the
name of the Hindu third solar month (from June to July), during which
the sun is in Gemini, and the full moon near Sagittarius.
* Cicero: "De Nat. Deo," i., 13.
** "Herodotus," ii., 145.
page 452
Above these beasts were the angels or spirits,
divided in two groups: the Igili, or celestial beings, and the Am-anaki,
or terrestrial spirits, the giants, children of Anak, of whom the spies
complained to Moses.
Editors note: See Zechariah Sitchin
for more details.
The Kabbala Denudata gives to the
kabalists a very clear, to the profane a very muddled account of
permutations or substitutions of one person for another. So, for
instance, it says, that "the scintilla" (spiritual spark or soul) of
Abraham was taken from Michael, the chief
of the AEons, and highest emanation of the Deity;
so high indeed that in the eyes of the Gnostics, Michael was identical
with Christ. And yet Michael and Enoch are one and
the same person. Both occupy the junction-point of the cross of the
Zodiac as "man." The scintilla of Isaac was that of Gabriel, the
chief of the angelic host, and the scintilla of Jacob was taken from
Uriel, named "the fire of God"; the sharpest sighted spirit in all
Heaven. Adam is not the Kadmon but Adam Primus, the
Microprosopus. In one of his aspects the latter is Enoch,
page 453
the terrestrial patriarch and father of Methuselah.
He that "walked with God" and "did not die" is the spiritual Enoch, who
typified humanity, eternal in spirit and as eternal in flesh, though the
latter does die. Death is but a new birth, and spirit is
immortal; thus humanity can never die, for the Destroyer has
become the Creator, Enoch is the type of the dual man,
spiritual and terrestrial. Hence his place in the centre of the
astronomical cross.
But was this idea original with the Hebrews? We
think not. Every nation which had an astronomical system, and especially
India, held the cross in the highest reverence, for it was the
geometrical basis of the religious symbolism of their avatars;
the manifestation of the Deity, or of the Creator in his creature MAN;
of God in humanity and humanity in God, as spirits. The oldest monuments
of Chaldea, Persia, and India disclose the double or eight-pointed
cross. This symbol, which very naturally is found, like every other
geometrical figure in nature, in plants as well as in the snowflakes,
has led Dr. Lundy, in his super-Christian mysticism, to
page 454
name such cruciform flowers as form an
eight-pointed star by the junction of the two crosses -- "the
Prophetic Star of the Incarnation, which joined heaven and earth,
God and man together."* The latter sentence is perfectly expressed;
only, the old kabalist axiom, "as above, so below," answers still
better, as it discloses to us the same God for all humanity, not alone
for the handful of Christians. It is the Mundane cross of
Heaven repeated on earth by plants and dual man: the physical man
superseding the "spiritual," at the junction-point of which stands the
mythical Libra-Hermes-Enoch. The gesture of one hand pointing to Heaven,
is balanced by the other pointing down to the earth; boundless
generations below, boundless regenerations above; the visible but the
manifestation of the invisible; the man of dust abandoned to dust, the
man of spirit reborn in spirit; thus it is finite humanity which is the
Son of the Infinite God. Abba -- the Father; Amoria -- the Mother; the
Son, the Universe. This primitive triad is repeated in all the
tbeogonies. Adam Kadmon, Hermes, Enoch, Osiris, Christna, (Krishna)
Ormazd, or Christos are all one. They stand as Metatrons
between body and soul -- eternal spirits which redeem flesh by the
regeneration of flesh below, and soul by the regeneration
above, where humanity walks once more with God.
We have shown elsewhere that the symbol of the
cross or Egyptian Tau,  , was
by many ages earlier than the period assigned to Abraham, the alleled
forefather of the Israelites, for otherwise Moses could not have learned
it of the priests. And that the Tau was held as sacred by the Jews as by
other "Pagan" nations is proved by a fact admitted now by Christian
divines as well as by infidel archeologists. Moses, in
Exodus
xii. 22, orders his people to mark their door-posts and lintels
with blood, lest the "Lord God" should make a mistake and smite
some of his chosen people, instead of the doomed Egyptians.** And this
mark is a tau! The identical Egyptian handled cross, with the
half of which talisman Horus raised the dead, as is shown on a
sculptured ruin at Philae.*** How gratuitous is the idea that all such
crosses and symbols were so many unconscious prophecies of Christ, is
fully exemplified in the case of the Jews upon whose accusation Jesus
was put to death. For instance, the same learned author remarks in
Monumental Christianity that "the Jews themselves acknowledged this
sign of salvation until they rejected
[[Footnote(s)]] -------------------------------------------------
* "Monumental Christianity," p. 3.
** Who but the authors of the "Pentateuch" could have invented a
Supreme God or his angel so thoroughly human as to require a smear of
blood upon the door-post to prevent his killing one person for another!
For gross materialism this exceeds any theistical conception that we
have noticed in Pagan literature.
*** Denon: "Egypt," ii., pl. 40, No. 8, p.
54.
page 455
Christ"; and in another place he asserts that the
rod of Moses, used in his miracles before Pharaoh, "was, no doubt, this
crux ansata, or something like it, also used by the
Egyptian priests."* Thus the logical inference would be,
that 1, if the Jews worshipped the same symbols as the Pagans, then they
were no better than they; and 2, if, being so well versed as they were
in the hidden symbolism of the cross, in the face of their having waited
for centuries for the Messiah, they yet rejected both the Christian
Messiah and Christian Cross, then there must have been something wrong
about both.
Those who "rejected" Jesus as the "Son of God," were neither the
people ignorant of religious symbols, nor the handful of atheistical
Sadducees who put him to death; but the very men who were instructed in
the secret wisdom, who knew the origin as well as the meaning of the
cruciform symbol, and who put aside both the Christian emblem and the
Saviour suspended from it, because they could not be parties to such a
blasphemous imposition upon the common people.
Nearly all the prophecies about Christ are
credited to the patriarchs and prophets. If a few of the latter may have
existed as real personages, every one of the former is a myth. We will
endeavor to prove it by the hidden interpretation of the Zodiac, and the
relations of its signs to these antediluvian men.
If the reader will keep in mind the Hindu ideas of
cosmogony, as given in chapter vi., he will better understand the
relation between the biblical antediluvian patriarchs, and that puzzle
of commentators -- "Ezekiel's wheel."
From:
http://www.greatdreams.com/joeufo/ufosdcc.htm
Thus, be it remembered 1, that the universe is not
a spontaneous creation, but an evolution from pre-existent matter; 2,
that it is only one of an endless series of universes; 3, that eternity
is pointed off into grand cycles, in each of which twelve
transformations of our world occur, following its partial destruction by
fire and water, alternately. So that when a new minor period sets in,
the earth is so changed, even geologically, as to be practically a new
world; 4, that of these twelve transformations, the earth after each of
the first six is grosser, and everything on it -- man included -- more
material, than after the preceding one: while after each of the
remaining six the contrary is true, both earth and man growing more and
more refined and spiritual with each terrestrial change; 5, that when
the apex of the cycle is reached, a gradual dissolution takes place, and
every living and objective form is destroyed. But when that point is
reached, humanity has become fitted to live subjectively as well as
objectively. And not humanity alone, but also animals
[[Footnote(s)]] -------------------------------------------------
* Pages 13 and 402.
page 456
plants, and every atom. After a time of rest, say
the Buddhists, when a new world becomes self-formed, the astral souls of
animals, and of all beings, except such as have reached the highest
Nirvana; will return on earth again to end their cycles of
transformations, and become men in their turn.
This stupendous conception,
the ancients synthesized for the instruction of the common people, into
a single pictorial design -- the Zodiac, or celestial belt. Instead of
the twelve signs now used, there were originally but ten known to the
general public, viz.: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo-Scorpio,
Sagittarius, Capricornus, Aquarius, and Pisces.* These were
exoteric. But in addition there were two mystical
signs inserted, which none but initiates comprehended, viz.: at the
middle or junction-point where now stands Libra, and at the
sign now called Scorpio, which follows Virgo. When it was found
necessary to make them exoteric, these two secret signs were added under
their present appellations as blinds to conceal the true names which
gave the key to the whole secret of creation, and divulged the origin of
"good and evil."
The true Sabean astrological doctrine secretly
taught that within this double sign was hidden the explanation of the
gradual transformation of the world, from its spiritual and subjective,
into the "two-sexed" sublunary state. The twelve signs were therefore
divided into two groups. The first six were called the ascending, or the
line of Macrocosm (the great spiritual world); the last six, the
descending line, or the Microcosm (the little secondary world) -- the
mere reflection of the former, so to say. This
division was called Ezekiel's wheel, and was completed in the following
way: First came the ascending five signs (euphemerized into patriarchs),
Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, and the group concluded with
Virgo-Scorpio. Then came the turning-point, Libra. After which,
the first half of the sign Virgo-Scorpio, was duplicated and transferred
to lead the lower, or descending group of Microcosm which ran down to
Pisces, or Noah (deluge). To make it clearer, the sign
Virgo-Scorpio, which appeared originally thus
 , became simply Virgo,
and the duplication,  , or
Scorpio, was placed between Libra, the seventh sign (which is
Enoch, or the angel Metatron, or Mediator between spirit and
matter, or God and man). It now became Scorpio (or Cain), which sign or
patriarch led mankind to destruction,
according
[[Footnote(s)]] -------------------------------------------------
* In Volney's "Ruins of Empires" p.
360, it is remarked that as Aries was in its fifteenth degree
1447 B. C., it follows that the first degree of "Libra" could not have
coincided with the Vernal equinox more lately than 15,194 years B. C.,
to which, if you add 1790 years since Christ, it appears that 16,984
years have elapsed since the origin of the Zodiac.
page 457
to exoteric theology; but, according to the true
doctrine of the wisdom-religion, it indicated the degradation of the
whole universe in its course of evolution downward from the subjective
to the objective.
The sign of Libra is
credited as a later invention by the Greeks, but it is not generally
stated that those among them who were initiated had only made a change
of names conveying the same idea as the secret name to those "who knew,"
leaving the masses as unwise as ever. Yet it was a
beautiful idea of theirs, this Libra, or the balance, expressing as much
as could possibly be done without unveiling the whole and ultimate
truth. They intended it to imply that when the course of evolution had
taken the worlds to the lowest point of grossness, where the earths and
their products were coarsest, and their inhabitants most brutish, the
turning-point had been reached -- the forces were at an even balance. At
the lowest point, the still lingering divine spark of spirit within
began to convey the upward impulse. The scales typified that eternal
equilibrium which is the necessity of a universe of harmony, of exact
justice, of the balance of centripetal and centrifugal forces, darkness
and light, spirit and matter.
These additional signs of the Zodiac warrant us
in saying that the Book of Genesis as we now find it, must be of later
date than the invention of Libra by the Greeks;
for we find the chapters of the genealogies remodeled to
fit the new Zodiac, instead of the latter being made to correspond with
the list of patriarchs. And it is this addition and the necessity of
concealing the true key, that led the Rabbinical compilers to repeat the
names of Enoch and Lamech twice, as we see them now in the Kenite table.
Alone, among all the books of the Bible, Genesis belongs to an
immense antiquity. The others are all later additions, the earliest of
which appeared with
Hilkiah, who evidently concocted it with the help of
Huldah, the prophetess.
Editors note: Nostradamus, who was
a Jew, used 13 signs of the zodiac to calculate his astrology as does
Dr. Turi as mentioned above.
As there is more than one meaning attached to the
stories of the creation and deluge, we say, therefore, that the biblical
account cannot be comprehended apart from the Babylonian story of the
same; while neither will be thoroughly clear without the Brahmanical
esoteric interpretation of the deluge, as found in the Mahabharata
and the Satapatha-Brahmana. It is the Babylonians who were
taught the "mysteries," the sacerdotal language, and their religion by
the problematical Akkadians who -- according to Rawlinson came from
Armenia -- not the former who emigrated to India. Here the evidence
becomes clear. The Babylonian Xisuthrus is shown
by Movers to have represented the "sun" in the Zodiac, in the sign of
Aquarius, and Oannes, the man-fish, the semi-demon, is Vishnu
in his first avatar; thus giving the key to the double source of the
biblical revelation.
End of Blavatsky revelations:
From:
http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/isis/iu2-09b.htm
All of Blavatsky's books are free on the internet.
|
FOX -
SLOW MOTION TO DOOMSDAY
http://www.greatdreams.com/constellations/fox.htm
OSIRUS
http://www.greatdreams.com/osiris.htm
|
Herod died in the spring of 1 B.C., we are free to add the years 3 B.C. and 2
B.C. to our search for the Star of Bethlehem. What was happening then? The year
2 B.C. marked the 25th anniversary of Caesar Augustus's rule and the 750th
anniversary of the founding of Rome. Huge celebrations were planned. The whole
empire was at peace. The doors of the temple of Janus were closed for only the
third time in Roman history. To honor their emperor, the people were to rise as
one and name Augustus "pater patriae", or "Father of the Country." Now, getting
the people of an empire to do something "spontaneously" requires a great deal of
organization. And so an enrollment, or census, was ordered:
In those days, a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that all the world
should be enrolled....And all went to be enrolled, each to his own city.
This enrollment, described in the Gospel of Luke, which brought Joseph and
Mary to Bethlehem, always has been a mystery since no regular taxation census
occurred at this time. But the "pater patriae" enrollment fits perfectly.
To track heavenly events at the time of Jesus Christ, we first have to
estimate when the baby Jesus was born. December 25 was chosen by Christians who
didn't celebrate the birth of Christ until 350 years after it happened.
The Origin of the Date
The Oak Tree, a powerful occultic symbol in Druidism that is also often
used by the House of Windsor. The Roman god, Janus, is associated with the Oak.
Janus, the two-faced Roman god of change, and also the "beginning and the end",
"the opening and the closing of the door". Since the wedding is close to the
summer solstice, it is associated with St Johns' Eve, or Oannes (the
Babylonian Nimrod) and is still celebrated as the "Festival of Aire" in
Ireland. Aire, a goddess, is related to Air Soph (endless one) on the Tree of
Life. Air Soph = Sophia (Sophie)= wisdom = Baphomet in the Atbash cipher.
What is called Satanism is the ruling hierarchy of the Brotherhood pyramid
under the command of the reptilians. Like all the other parts of the network, it
is strictly compartmentalised, The highest levels of the Satanic network lock
into the highest levels of the Brotherhood, but the lower degrees are not
allowed to know the true nature of the organisations they are involved in. Some
of the levels of Satanism are known as the Sisters of Light, the Five Star
Generals, Master Counsellors, Keeper of the Books, Keeper of the Seals, and
there is one position called an Asmodeus." One of the global centres of Satanism
is the Castle of Darkness, the Chateau des Amerois or Castle of Kings in
Belgium, near the appropriately named village of Muno Bel. The castle is close
to the French border and some 20 kilometres from Luxemburg. It is protected from
view by thick forests and guards keep out the curious. In the grounds is a
cathedral with a dome containing 1,000 lights. When President George Bush talked
of 1,000 p oints of light, he was speaking in code about this place of
initiation for the highest initiates of the Satanic pyramid. In this Satanic
cathedral is the throne of the high priestess of the upper hierarchy, a position
known as the Queen Mother."
Every day, apparently, a child is sacrificed in the basement." Ceremonies are
performed here to the Satanic 'goddess' known as Lilith, a demon in the Hebrew
Cabala. In ancient Sumer the reptilian bloodline, as passed on through the
female, was symbolised as lily and the main reptilian gene carriers were given
names like Lilith, Lill, Lilutu and Lillette. Another demon used by some
'Mothers' is called Bilair, Bilar, and Bilid, cabalistic names for the force
others call Satan, etc." It is from these lands in Belgium and northern France
that the bloodline families came, including the Bruces, to take over Scotland
all those centuries ago. Belgium, this little country between France and the
Netherlands, is also the home of the European Union, NATO, and, I am told, a
massive computer centre where databases on all the people of the world are being
compiled. It is known apparently as 'the Beast' and there are a number of these
around the world. An Elite mind control operation called the Janus Group is also
based in the NATO headquarters. Nimrod was Eannus, the god with two faces, who
was later known to the Romans as Janus.
Black magic rituals are going on all over the world and I have spoken with
victims in country after country In England I met a brave woman, then aged 40.
The story she told me of her experiences mirrored those of so many others. She
was born in Darlington in the 1950s, and soon after she was sold by her Satanic
father to two other Satanists. She knew them only as Thomas and Helena. She was
brought up in the most horrific circumstances at a children's home in Hull which
was run by two child abusers. At night a torchlight was shone into their
bedrooms and when it was held on a child for a minute or so, they knew it was
their turn to go downstairs and be sexually abused. During holidays back in
Darlington, from the age of just seven and eight, she met her father who linked
her with the two Satanists,
Thomas and Helena. She would be given drugs via orange juice and ice cream
and be taken at night in a van to country churches in the Darlington area. The
drugs were designed to make her easier to mind control and to prevent her from
remembering what she saw. I will explain more about this in the next chapter.
However, as is often the case when people enter their 30s and 40s, the victims
can begin to have flashbacks of their ordeals. They experience them again like
watching a movie screen. It is for this reason that so many are murdered before
they reach that age, often for 'snuff' videos, which show in graphic detail a
person being murdered. Others are subjected to the snatch back when they are
abducted to undergo 'booster' mind-programming to keep the memories secret.
Increasing numbers of people who survived their horrendous young lives, are now
beginning to remember and they are telling the same basic tale. If you are one
of them, please contact me if you have anything to add to what I outline here.
An address is at the back of the book. Within days of speaking to me, my
informant says she was grabbed off the street and bungled into a van by six
Satanists. A syringe was held to her throat and she was warned to stop talking
to "That dangerous prat, Icke" and to stop naming names. They threatened her
life and those of her children if she continued. She was also told that if she
didn't keep quiet, the family dog would be taken and "Posted back to you in
pieces". Nice people.
JANUS
In
ancient Roman religion and
mythology, Janus is the
god of beginnings and transitions,[1]
thence also of gates,
doors, doorways,
endings and time. He is usually a two-faced god since he looks to the future and
the past. The Romans dedicated the month of January to Janus.
The etymologies proposed by the ancient fall into three categories: each
bears implications about the nature of the god.[2]
The first is based on a detail of the definition of Chaos given by
Paul the Deacon: hiantem, hiare, be open, from which word
Ianus would derive for the subtraction of the aspiration. This etymology is
related to the notion of Chaos which would define the primordial nature of the
god.[3]
The idea of an association of the god to the Greek concept of Chaos looks
contrived, as the initial function of Janus suffices to explain his place
at the origin of time.[4]
Another etymology proposed by
Nigidius Figulus is related by
Macrobius[5]:
Ianus would be both
Apollo and
Diana Iana, by the addition of a D for the sake of euphony.
This explanation has been accepted by A. B. Cook and J. G. Frazer. It supports
all the assimilation of Janus to the bright sky, the sun and the moon. It
supposes a former *Dianus, formed on *dia- < *dy-eð(2) from IE root *dey- shine
represented in Latin by dies day, Diovis and Iuppiter.[6]
However the form Dianus postulated by Nigidius is not attested.
The interpretation of Janus as the god of beginnings and transitions is based
on a third etymology indicated by
Cicero,
Ovid and
Macrobius
which explains the name as Latin deriving it from the verb ire ("to go").[7]
It has been conjectured that it derives from the Indo-European root meaning
transitional movement (cf.
Sanskrit "yana-"
or Avestan "yah-", likewise with Latin "i-" and Greek "ei-".).[8]
Iānus would then be an action name expressing the idea of going, passing, formed
on the root *yā- < *y-eð(2)- theme II of the root *ey- go from which eō, ειμι.[9]
Other modern scholars object to an
Indo-European etymology either from Dianus or from root *yā-.[10]
[edit]
Theology and functions
While the fundamental nature of Janus is debated, in most modern scholars'
view the set of the god's functions may be seen as being organized around a
simple principle: that of presiding over all beginnings and transitions, whether
abstract or concrete, sacred or profane.[11]
Interpretations concerning the god's fundamental nature either limit it to this
general function or emphasize a concrete or particular aspect of it (identifying
him with light[12]
the sun,[13]
the moon,[14]
time,[15]
movement,[16]
the year,[17]
doorways,[18]
bridges[19]
etc.) or see in the god a sort of cosmological principle, i. e. interpret him as
a uranic deity.[20]
Almost all these modern interpretations were originally formulated by the
ancients.[21]
The function of 'god of beginnings' has been clearly expressed in numerous
ancient sources, among them most notably perhaps Cicero, Ovid and Varro.[22]
As a god of motion he looks after passages, causes actions to start and presides
over all beginnings, and since movement and change are bivalent, he has a double
nature, symbolised in his two headed image.[23]
He has under his tutelage the stepping in and out of the door of homes,[24]
the ianua, which took its name from him,[25]
and not viceversa.[26]
Similarly his tutelage extends to the covered passages named iani and
foremost to the gates of the city, including the cultic gate called the
Argiletum, named Ianus Geminus or Porta Ianualis from which he
protects Rome against the Sabines.[27]
He is also present at the
Sororium Tigillum, where he guards the terminus of the ways into Rome from
Latium.[28]
He has an altar, later a temple near the Porta Carmentalis, where the
road leading to Veii
ended, as well as being present on the
Janiculum,
a gateway from Rome out to Etruria.[29]
The connexion of the notions of beginning (principium), movement,
transition (eundo), and thence time has been clearly expressed by Cicero.[30]
In general, Janus is at the origin of time as the guardian of the gates of
Heaven: Jupiter himself moves forth and back because of Janus's working.[31]
In one of his temples, probably that of
Forum Holitorium, the hands of his statue were positioned to signify the
number 355 (the number of days in a year), later 365, symbolically expressing
his mastership over time.[32]
He presides over the concrete and abstract beginnings of the world,[33]
such as religion and the gods themselves,[34]
he too holds the access to Heaven and other gods: this is the reason why men
must invoke him first, regardless of the god they want to pray or placate.[35]
He is the initiator of human life,[36]
of new historical ages, and financial enterprises: according to myth he was the
first to mint coins and the
as, first coin of the libral series, bears his effigy on one face.[37]
Janus frequently symbolized change and transitions such as the progress of
future to past, from one condition to another, from one vision to another, and
young people's growth to adulthood. He was represented time, because he could
see into the past with one face and into the future with the other.[38]
Hence, Janus was worshipped at the beginnings of the harvest and planting times,
as well as at marriages, deaths and other beginnings. He represented the middle
ground between barbarism and civilization, rural and urban, youth and adulthood.
Having jurisdiction over beginnings Janus had an intrinsic association with
omens and auspices.[39]
Leonhard Schmitz suggests that he was likely the most important god in the
Roman archaic pantheon. He was often invoked together with Iuppiter
(Jupiter).[40]
In one of his works
G. Dumézil has postulated the existence of a structural difference in level
between the
IE gods of beginning and ending and the other gods who fall into a
tripartite structure, reflecting the most ancient organization of society. So in
IE religions there is an introducer god (as
Vedic
Vâyu
and Roman Janus) and a god of ending, a nurturer goddess and a genie of fire (as
Vedic
Saraswati and Agni,
Avestic
Armaiti,
Anâitâ and Roman
Vesta) who show a sort of mutual solidarity: the concept of 'god of ending'
is defined in connexion to the human referential, i.e. the current situation of
man in the universe, and not to endings as transitions, which are under the
jurisdiction of the gods of beginning, owing to the ambivalent nature of the
concept. Thus the god of beginning is not structurally reducible to a sovereign
god, nor the goddess of ending to any of the three categories on to which the
goddesses are distributed. There is though a greater degree of fuzziness
concerning the function and role of goddesses, which may have formed a
preexisting structure allowing the absorption of the local Mediterrenean mother
goddesses, nurturers and protectresses .[41]
As a consequence the position of the gods of beginning would not be the issue of
a diachronic process of debasement undergone by a supreme uranic god, but rather
a structural feature inherent to the theology of such gods. The fall of uranic
primordial gods into the condition of deus otiosus is a well known
phenomenon in the history of religions.
Mircea Eliade gave a positive evaluation of Dumezil's views and of the
comparative research results on Indoeuropean religions achieved in Tarpeia.[42]
even though he himself in many of his works observed and discussed the
phenomenon of the fall of uranic deities in numerous societies of ethnologic
interest.[43]
The figure of the IE initial god (Vâyu,
Vayu,
Mainyu, Janus) may open the sacrifice (Vâyu and Janus), preside over the
start of the voyage of the soul after death (Iranic
Vayu), "stand at the opening of the drama of the moral history of the world"
(the
Zoroastrian
Mainyus). They may have a double moral connotation, perhaps due to the
cosmic alternation of light and darkness, as is apparent in the case of
Zoroastrianism.
According to
Macrobius
citing
Nigidius Figulus and
Cicero,
Janus and Jana (Diana)
are a pair of divinities, worshipped as
Apollo or the
sun and
moon, whence Janus received sacrifices before all the others, because
through him is apparent the way of access to the desired deity.[44]
A similar solar interpretation has been offered by A. Audin who interprets
the god as the issue of a long process of development, starting with the
Sumeric cultures, from the two solar pillars located on the eastern side of
temples, each of them marking the direction of the rising sun at the dates of
the two
solstices: the southeastern corresponding to the Winter and the northeastern
to the Summer solstice. These two pillars would be at the origin of the theology
of the
divine twins, one of whom is mortal (related to the NE pillar, as confining
with the region where the sun does not shine) and the other is immortal (related
to the SE pillar and the region where the sun always shines). Later these
iconographic models evolved in the Middle East and Egypt into a single column
representing two torsos and finally a single body with two heads looking at
opposite directions.[45]
Numa in his regulation of the
Roman calendar called the first month
Januarius
after Janus, according to tradition considered the highest divinity at the time.
Numa built the
Ianus geminus (also Janus Bifrons, Janus Quirinus or
Portae Belli) , a passage ritually opened at times of war, and shut again
when Roman arms rested.[46]
It formed a walled enclosure with gates at each end, situated between the old
Roman
Forum and that of Julius Caesar, which had been consecrated by
Numa Pompilius himself. About the exact location and aspect of the temple
there has been much debate among scholars.[47]
In wartime the gates of the Janus were opened, and in its interior sacrifices
and vaticinia were held, to forecast the outcome of military deeds.[48]
The doors were closed only during peacetime, an extremely rare event.[49]
The function of the Ianus Geminus was supposed to be a sort of good omen: in
time of peace it was said to close the wars within or to keep peace inside[which?];
in times of war it was said to be open to allow the return of the people on
duty.[50]
A temple of Janus is said to have been consecrated by the consul
Gaius
Duilius in 260 BCE after the
Battle of Mylae in the
Forum Holitorium. It contained a statue of the god with the right hand
showing the number 300 and the left the number 65, i. e. the length in days of
the solar year, and twelve altars, one for each month.[51]
The four-sided structure known as the
Arch
of Janus in the
Forum Transitorium dates from the 1st century CE: according to common
opinion it was built by the Emperor
Domitian.
However American scholars L. Ross Taylor and L. Adams Holland on the grounds of
a passage of
Statius[52]
maintain that it was an earlier structure (tradition has it the Ianus
Quadrifrons was brought to Rome from
Falerii[53])
and that Domitian only surrounded it with his new forum.[54]
In fact the building of the Forum Transitorium was completed and inaugurated by
Nerva in 96 CE.
[edit]
Cult epithets
Cult epithets
One way of investigating the complex nature of Janus is by systematically
analysing his cultic epithets: religious documents may preserve a notion of a
deity's theology of more accurately than other literary sources.
The main sources of Janus's cult epithets are the fragments of the
Carmen Saliare preserved by Varro in his work
De Lingua Latina, a list preserved in a passage of
Macrobius's
Saturnalia
(I 9, 15-16), another in a passage of
Johannes Lydus's
De Mensibus (IV 1), a list in
Cedrenus's Historiarum Compendium (I p. 295 7 Bonn), partly dependent
on Lydus's, and one in
Servius Honoratus's commentary to the Aeneis (VII 610).[55]
Literary works also preserve some of Janus's cult epithets, such as
Ovid's long passage
of the Fasti
devoted to Janus at the beginning of Book I (89-293),
Tertullian,
Augustine and
Arnobius.
[edit]
Carmen Saliare
The opening verses of the Carmen[56]
as would be expected, are devoted to honouring Janus and were thus named
versus ianuli.[57]
Paulus-Festus s.v. axamenta p. 3 L mentions the versus ianuli, iovii,
iunonii, minervii. Only part of the versus ianuli and two of the
iovii are preserved.
The manuscript has:
(paragraph 26): "cozeulodorieso. omia ũo adpatula coemisse./ ian cusianes
duonus ceruses. dun; ianusue uet põmelios eum recum";
(paragraph 27): "diuum êpta cante diuum deo supplicante.""ianitos".
Many reconstructions have been proposed:[58]
they vary widely on some points and are all tentative, however one can identify
with certainty some epithets:
Cozeiuod[59]
orieso.[60]
Omnia vortitod[61]
Patulti; oenus es
iancus (or ianeus), Iane, es, duonus Cerus es, duonus Ianus.
Veniet potissimum melios eum recum.
Diuum eum patrem (or partem) cante, diuum deo supplicate.
ianitos.[62]
The epithets that can be identified are: Cozeuios, i. e. Conseuius
the Sower, which opens the carmen and is attested as an old form of Consivius
in
Tertullian;[63]
Patultius: the Opener; Iancus or Ianeus: the Gatekeeper;
Duonus Cerus: the Good Creator; rex king (potissimum melios eum
recum: the most powerful and best o 'em kings); diuum patrem (partem):[64]
father of the gods (or part of the gods); diuum deus: god of the gods;
ianitos: the Janitor, Gatekeeper.
[edit]
Other sources
Other sources
The above mentioned sources give: Ianus Geminus, I. Pater, I. Iunonius, I.
Consivius, I. Quirinus, I. Patulcius and Clusivius (Macrobius above I 9, 15): Ι.
Κονσίβιον, Ι. Κήνουλον, Ι. Κιβουλλιον, I. Πατρίκιον, I. Κλουσίβιον, I.
Ιουνώνιον, I. Κυρινον, I. Πατούλκιον, I. Κλούσιον, I. Κουριάτιον (Lydus above IV
1); I. Κιβούλλιον, I. Κυρινον, I. Κονσαιον, I. Πατρίκιον (Cedrenus
Historiarum Compendium I p. 295 7 Bonn); I. Clusiuius, I. Patulcius, I.
Iunonius, I. Quirinus (Servius Aen. VII 610).
Even though the lists overlap to a certain extent (five epithets are common
to Macrobius's and Lydus's list), the explanations of the epithets differ to a
remarkable extent. Macrobius's list and explanation are probably based directly
on
Cornelius Labeo's work, as he cites him often in his Saturnalia as
when he gives a list of
Maia's cultural epithets
[65] and mentions
one of his works, Fasti.[66]
In relating Ianus epithets Macrobius states: "We invoke in the sacred rites".
Labeo himself, as it is stated in the passage on Maia, read them in the lists of
indigitamenta of the
libri pontificum. On the other hand Lydus's authority cannot have consulted
these documents precisely because he offers different (and sometimes bizarre)
explanations for the common epithets: it seems likely he received a list with no
interpretations appended and interpreted it according to his own views.[67]
Pater is perhaps the most frequent epithet of Janus, found also in the
composition Ianuspater. While numerous gods share this cultic epithet it
seems the Romans felt it was typically pertinent to Janus.[68]
When invoked along with other gods, usually only he is called pater.[69]
For Janus the title is not just a term of respect; principally it marks his
primordial role. He is the first of the gods and thus their father: the formula
quasi deorum deum corresponds to diuum deus of the carmen Saliare.[70]
Similarly, in the expression duonus Cerus, Cerus means creator and is
considered a masculine form related to
Ceres.[71]
Lydus gives Πατρίκιος (Patricius) and explains it as autóchthon: since he
does not give another epithet corresponding to Pater it may be inferred that
Lydus understands Patricius as a synonym of Pater.[72]
There is no evidence connecting Janus to gentilician? cults or
identifying him as a national god particularly venerated by the oldest patrician
families.[73]
Geminus is the first epithet in Macrobius 's list. Although the
etymology of the word is unclear,[74]
it is certainly related to his most typical character, that of having two faces
or heads. The proof are the numerous equivalent expressions.[75]
The origin of this epithet might be either concrete, referring directly to the
image of the god reproduced on coins[76]
and supposed to have been introduced by king
Numa in the sanctuary at the lowest point of the Argiletum,[77]
or to a feature of the Ianus of the Porta Belli: a double gate ritually
opened at the beginning of wars,[78]
or abstract, deriving metaphorically from the liminal, intermediary functions of
the god themselves: both in time and space passages connected two different
spheres, realms or worlds.[79]
The Janus quadrifrons or quadriformis, brought according to
tradition from Falerii in 241 BC
[80] and installed
by Domitian in the
Forum Transitorium,[81]
seems to be connected to the same theological complex, as its image purports an
ability to rule over every direction, element and time of the year: however it
did not give rise to a new epithet.[82][83]
Patulcius and Clusivius or Clusius are epithets related
to an inherent quality and function of doors, that of standing open or shut.
Janus as the Gatekeeper has jurisdiction over every kind of door and passage and
the power of opening or closing them.[84]
Servius interprets Patulcius in the same way. Lydus gives an incorrect
translation, "αντί του οδαιον" which however reflects one of the attributes of
the god, that of being the protector of roads.[85]
Elsewhere Lydus cites the epithet θυρέος to justify the key held by Janus.[86]
The antithetical quality of the two epithets is meant to refer to the
alternation of opposite conditions[87]
and is commonly found in the indigitamenta: in relation to Janus, Macrobius
cites instances of
Antevorta
and
Postvorta[88],
the personifications of two indigitations of
Carmentis.[89]
These epithets are associated with the ritual function of Janus in the opening
of the Porta Ianualis or Porta Belli.[90]
The rite might go back to times pre-dating the founding of Rome.[91]
Poets tried to explain this rite by imagining that the gate closed either war or
peace inside the ianus, but in its religious significance it might have been
meant to propitiate the return home of the victorious soldiers.[92]
Quirinus is a debated epithet. According to some scholars, mostly
French, it looks to be strictly related to the ideas of the passage of the Roman
people from war back to peace, from the condition of miles, soldier, to
that of quiris, citizen occupied in peaceful business, as the rites of
the Porta Belli imply. This is in fact the usual sense of the word quirites
in Latin.[93]
Other scholars, mainly German, think it is related on the contrary to the
martial character of the god Quirinus, an interpretation supported by numerous
ancient sources: Lydus,[94]
Cedrenus,[95]
Macrobius,[96]
Ovid,[97]
Plutarch[98]
and Paul the Daecon.[99][100]
Schilling and Capdeville counter that it is his function of presiding over the
return to peace that gave Janus this epithet, as confirmed by his association on
March 30 with
Pax,
Concordia and
Salus,[101]
even though it is true that Janus as god of all beginnings presides also over
that of war and is thus often called belliger bringer of war[102]
as well as pacificus. This use is also discussed by Dumézil in various
works concerning the armed nature of the Mars qui praeest paci, the armed
quality of the gods of the third function and the arms of the third function.[103]
C. Koch on the other hand sees the epithet Janus Quirinus as a reflection of the
god's patronage over the two months beginning and ending the year, after their
addition by king Numa in his reform of the calendar. This interpretation too
would befit the liminal nature of Janus.[104]
The compound term Ianus Quirinus was particularly in vogue at the time of
Augustus, its peaceful interpretation fitting particularly well the Augustan
ideology of the Pax Romana.[105]
The compound Ianus Quirinus is to be found also in the rite of the
spolia
opima, a lex regia ascribed to Numa, which prescribed that the third
rank spoils of a defeated king or chief of an enemy army, those conquered by a
common soldier, be consecrated to Ianus Quirinus.[106]
Schilling believes the reference to this rite of Ianus Quirinus to have the
original prophetic interpretation, which ascribes to him the last and conclusive
spoils of the history of Rome.[107]
The epithet Ποπάνων (Popanōn) is attested only by Lydus,[108]
who cites Varro as stating that on the day of the
kalendae he was offered a cake which earned him this title. There is no
surviving evidence of this name in Latin, although the rite is attested by Ovid
for the kalendae of January[109]
and by Paul.[110].
This cake was named ianual but the related epithet of Janus could not
plausibly have been Ianualis: it has been suggested Libo[111]
which remains purely hypothetical. The context could allow an Etruscan
etymology.
Janus owes the epithet Iunonius to his function as patron of all
kalends, which are also associated with Juno. In Macrobius's explanation:
"Iunonium, as it were, not only does he hold the entry to January, but to all
the months: indeed all the kalends are under the jurisdiction of Juno". At the
time when the rising of the new moon was observed by the
pontifex minor the
rex sacrorum assisted by him offered a sacrifice to Janus in the Curia
Calabra while the
regina sacrorum sacrificed to Juno in the
regia.[112]
Some scholars have maintained that Juno was the primitive paredra of the god.
This point bears on the nature of Janus and Juno and is at the core of an
important dispute: was Janus a debased ancient uranic supreme god, or were Janus
and Jupiter co-existent, their distinct identities structurally inherent to
their original theology? Among French-speaking scholars Grimal and implicitly
and partially Renard and Basanoff have supported the view of a uranic supreme
god against Dumézil and Schilling. Among English-speaking scholars Frazer and
Cook have suggested an interpretation of Janus as uranic supreme god. Whatever
the case, it is certain that Janus and Juno show a peculiar reciprocal affinity:
while Janus is Iunonius, Juno is Ianualis, as she presides over
childbirth and the menstrual cycle, and opens doors.[113]
Moreover, besides the kalends Janus and Juno are also associated with the rite
of the Tigillum Sororium of October 1, in which they bear the epithets Janus
Curiatius and Juno Sororia. These epithets, which show a crossing and
swapping of functional qualities between the gods, are the most remarkable
apparent proof of their proximity.[114]
This rite is discussed in detail in the section below.
Consivius sower, is an epithet that reflects the tutelary function of
the god at the first instant of human life and of life in general, conception.
This function is a particular case of his function of patron of beginnings. As
far as man is concerned it is obviously of the greatest importance, even though
both Augustine and some modern scholars see it as minor.[115]
Augustine shows astonishment at the fact that some of the
dii selecti may be engaged in such tasks: "In fact Janus himself first, when
pregnancy is conceived,... opens the way to the receiving of the semen" .[116]
Varro on the other hand had clear the relevance of the function of starting a
new life by opening the way to the semen and therefore started his enumeration
of the gods with Janus, following the pattern of the Carmen Saliare.[117]
Macrobius gives the same interpretation of the epithet in his list: "Consivius
from sowing (conserendo), i. e. from the propagation of the human race, that is
disseminated by the working of Janus."[118]
Lydus understands Consivius as βουλαιον (consiliarius) owing to a conflation
with Consus
through Ops Consiva
or Consivia. The interpretation of Consus as god of advice is already present in
Latin authors[119]
and is due to folk etymology supported by the story of the abduction of the
Sabine women (which happened on the day of the
Consualia
aestiva), said to have been advised by Consus. However no Latin source cites
relationships of any kind between Consus and Janus Consivius. Moreover both the
passages that this etymology requires present difficulties, particularly as it
seems Consus cannot be etymologically related to adjective consivius or
conseuius, found in Ops Consivia and thence the implied notion of sowing.[120]
Κήνουλος (Coenulus) and Κιβουλλιος (Cibullius) are not attested
by Latin sources. The second epithet is not to be found in Lydus's manuscripts
and is present in Cedrenus along with its explanation concerning food and
nurture. The editor of Lydus R. Wünsch has added Cedrenus's passage after
Lydus's own explanation of Coenulus as ευωχιαστικός, good host at a banquet.
Capdeville considers Cedrenus' text to be due to a paleographic error: only
Coenulus is indubitably an epithet of Janus and the adjective used to
explain it, meaning to present and to treat well at dinner, was used in a ritual
invocation before meals, wishing the diners to make good flesh.[121]
This is one of the features of Janus as shown by the myth that associates him
with Carna, Cardea,
Crane.[122]
The epithet Curiatius is found
The epithet Curiatius is found in association with Iuno Sororia
as designating the deity to which one of the two altars behind the Tigillum
Sororium was dedicated.
Festus and
other ancient authors
[123] explain
Curiatius by the aetiological legend of the Tigillum, the expiation undergone by
P. Horatius when victorious over the Alban
Curiatii, for the murder of his own sister, by walking under a beam with his
head veiled.[124]
Capdeville sees this epithet as related exclusively to the characters of the
legend and the rite itself: he invokes the analysis by Dumézil as his authority.[125]
Originally it was probably a sacrum entrusted to the gens Horatia
that allowed the desacralisation of the iuvenes at the end of the
military season, later transferred to the state.[126]
Janus's patronage of a rite of passage would be natural. The presence of Juno
would be related to the date (Kalends), her protection of the iuvenes,
soldiers, or the legend itself. Renard connects the epithet's meaning to the
cu(i)ris, the spear of Juno Curitis as here she is given the epithet of
Sororia, corresponding to the usual epithet Geminus of Janus and to the twin or
feminine nature of the passage between two coupled posts.[127]
Schilling
[128] opines that it is related to
curia, as the
Tigillum was located not far from the curiae veteres: however this
interpretation, although supported by an inscription (lictor curiatius )[129]
is considered unacceptable by Renard because of the different quantity of the
u, short in curiatius, curis and Curitis and long in
curia. Moreover it is part of the different interpretation of the meaning of
the ritual of the Tigillum Sororium proposed by Herbert Jennings Rose, Kurt
Latte and Robert Schilling himself. However the etymology of Curiatius
remains uncertain.[130]
On the role of Janus in the rite of the Tigillum Sororium see also the section
below.
The rites concerning Janus were numerous. Owing to the versatile and far
reaching character of the basic function of the god, marking beginnings and
transitions, his presence was ubiquitous and fragmented. Apart from the rites
solemnizing the beginning of the new year and of every month, there were the
special times of year which marked the beginning and the closing of the military
season, in March and October respectively. These included the rite of the
arma movere on March 1 and that of the arma condere at the end of the
month performed by the
Salii, and the
Tigillum Sororium on October 1. Janus Quirinus was closely associated with the
anniversaries of the dedications of the temples of Mars on June 1 (a date that
corresponded with the festival of Carna, a deity associated with Janus: see
below) and of that of Quirinus on June 29 (which was the last day of the month
in the pre-Julian calendar). These important rites are discussed in detail
below.
Any rite or religious act whatever first required the invocation of Janus,
with a corresponding invocation to
Vesta at the end (Janus primus and Vesta extrema). Instances
are to be found in the Carmen Saliare, the formula of the devotio,[131]
the lutration of the fields and the sacrifice of the porca praecidanea,[132]
the Acta of the
Arval Brethren.[133]
Although Janus had no
flamen, he was
closely associated with the
rex sacrorum who performed his sacrifices and took part in most of his
rites: the rex was the first in the
ordo sacerdotum hierarchy of priests.[134]
The flamen of
Portunus performed the ritual greasing of the spear of the god Quirinus on
August 17, day of the
Portunalia, on the same date that the temple of Janus in the
Forum Holitorium had been consecrated (by consul
Caius Duilius in 260 BC). Portunus seems to be a god closely related to
Janus, if with a specifically restricted area of competence, in that he presides
over doorways and harbours and shares with Janus his two symbols, the key and
the stick.[135]
[edit]
Beginning of the year
The Winter solstice was thought to occur on December 25. January 1 was new
year day: the day was consecrated to Janus since it was the first of the new
year and of the month (kalends) of Janus: the feria had an augural
character as Romans believed the beginning of anything was an
omen for the whole.
Thus on that day it was customary to exchange cheerful words of good wishes.[136]
For the same reason everybody devoted a short time to his usual business[137],
exchanged dates, figs and honey as a token of well wishing and made gifts of
coins called strenae.[138]
Cakes made of spelt (far) and salt were offered to the god and burnt on
the altar.[139][140]
Ovid states that in most ancient times there were no animal sacrifices and gods
were propitiated with offerings of spelt and pure salt.[141]
This libum was named ianual and it was probably correspondent to
the summanal offered the day before the Summer solstice to god
Summanus,
which however was sweet being made with flour, honey and milk.
Shortly afterwards, on January 9, on the feria of the
Agonium of January the
rex sacrorum offered the sacrifice of a ram to Janus.[142]
[edit]
Beginning of the month
At the kalends of each month the rex sacrorum and the pontifex minor offered
a sacrifice to Janus in the curia Calabra, while the regina offered a sow or a
she lamb to Juno.[143]
[edit]
Beginning of the day
Morning belonged to Janus: men started their daily activities and business.
Horace calls him Matutine Pater, morning father.[144]
G. Dumézil thinks this custom is at the origin of the learned interpretations of
Janus as a solar deity.[145]
Janus was also involved in spatial transitions, presiding over home doors,
city gates and boundaries. Numerous toponyms of places located at the boundary
between the territory of two communities, especially Etrurians and Latins or
Umbrians, are named after the god.[146]
The most notable instance is the
Ianiculum which marked the access to
Etruria from
Rome.[147]
Since borders often coincided with rivers and the border of Rome (and other
Italics) with Etruria was the
Tiber, it has
been argued that its crossing had a religious connotation; it would have
involved a set of rigorous apotropaic practices and a devotional attitude. Janus
would have originally regulated particularly the crossing of this sacred river
through the
pons sublicius.[148]
The name of the Iāniculum is not derived by that of the god, but from the
abstract noun iānus, -us.[149][150]
Adams Holland opines it would have been originally the name of a small bridge
connecting the
Tiber
Island (on which she supposes the first shrine of Janus stood) with the
right bank of the river.[151]
However Janus was the protector of doors, gates and roadways in general, as is
shown by his two symbols, the key and the staff.[152]
The key too was a sign that the traveller had come to a harbour or ford in peace
in order to exchange his goods.[153]
The rite of the bride's oiling the posts of the door of her new home with
wolf fat at her arrival, though not mentioning Janus explicitly, is a rite of
passage related to the ianua.
[edit]
Rites of the Salii
The rites of the Salii marked the springtime beginning of the war season in
March and its closing in October. The structure of the
patrician
sodalitas, made up by the two groups of the Salii Palatini, who were
consecrated to Mars and whose institution was traditionally ascribed to Numa
(with headquarter on the Palatine), and the Salii Collini or Agonales,
consecrated to Quirinus and whose foundation was ascribed to Tullus Hostilius,
(with headquarter on the Quirinal) reflects in its division the dialectic
symbolic role they played in the rites of the opening and closing of the
military season.[154]
So does the legend of their foundation itself: the peace- loving king Numa
instituted the Salii of
Mars Gradivus, foreseeing the future wars of the Romans[155]
while the warmonger king Tullus, in a battle during a longstanding war with the
Sabines, swore to found a second group of Salii should he obtain victory.[156]
The paradox of the pacifist king serving Mars and passage to war and of the
warmonger king serving Quirinus to achieve peace under the expected conditions
highlights the dialectic nature of the cooperation between the two gods,
inherent to their own function.[157]
Because of the working of the talismans of the sovereign god they guaranteed
alternatively force and victory, fecundity and plenty. It is noteworthy that the
two groups of Salii did not split their competences so that one group only
opened the way to war and the other to peace: they worked together both at the
opening and the conclusion of the military season, marking the passage of power
from one god to the other. Thus the Salii enacted the dialectic nature present
in the warring and peaceful aspect of the Roman people, particularly the
iuvenes.[158]
This dialectic was reflected materially by the location of the temple of Mars
outside the
pomerium and of the temple of Quirinus inside it.[159]
The annual dialectic rhythm of the rites of the Salii of March and October was
also further reflected within the rites of each month and spatially by their
repeated crossing of the pomerial line. The rites of March started on the fist
with the ceremony of the ancilia movere, developed through the month on
the 14th with
Equirria in the
Campus Martius (and the rite of Mamurius Veturius marking the expulsion of
the old year), the 17th with the
Agonium Martiale, the 19th with the
Quinquatrus in the
Comitium
(which correspond symmetrically with the
Armilustrium of October 19), on the 23rd with the
Tubilustrium and they terminated at the end of the month with the rite of
the ancilia condere. Only after this month long set of rites was
accomplished was it fas
to undertake military campaigns.[160]
While Janus sometimes is named belliger[161]
and sometimes pacificus[162]
in accord with his general function of beginner, he is mentioned as Janus
Quirinus in relation to the closing of the rites of March at the end of the
month together with
Pax, Salus
and
Concordia:[163]
This feature is a reflection of the aspect of Janus Quirinus which stresses the
quirinal function of bringing peace back and the hope of soldiers for a
victorious return.[164][165]
As the rites of the Salii mimic the passage from peace to war and back to
peace by moving between the two poles of Mars and Quirinus in the monthly cycle
of March, so they do in the ceremonies of October, the Equus October
taking place on the Campus Martius[166]
the Armilustrium, purification of the arms, on the
Aventine,[167]
and the
Tubilustrium on the 23rd. Other correspondences may be found in the dates of
the founding of the temples of Mars on June 1 and of that of Quirinus on June
29, in the pre-Julian calendar the last day of the month, implying that the
opening of the month belonged to Mars and the closing to Quirinus. The
reciprocity of the two gods' situations is subsumed under the role of opener and
closer played by Janus as Ovid states: "Why are you hidden in peace, and open
when the arms have been moved?"[168]
Another analogous correspondence may be found in the festival of the
Quirinalia of February, last month of the ancient calendar of Numa.[169]
The rite of the opening and closure of the Janus Quirinus would thus reflect the
idea of the reintegretation of the miles into civil society, i.e. the
community of the quirites, by playing a lustral role similar to the
Tigillum Sororium and the porta triumphalis located at the south of
the Campus Martius. In Augustan ideology this symbolic meaning has been strongly
emphasised.[170]
[edit]
Tigillum Sororium
This rite was supposed to commemorate the expiation of the murder of his own
sister by Marcus Horatius.[171]
The young hero with his head veiled had to pass under a beam spanning an alley.
The rite was repeated every year on October 1.[172]
The tigillum consisted of a beam on two posts.[173]
It was kept in good condition at public expense to the time of Livy. Behind the
tigillum, on opposite sides of the alley, stood the two altars of Janus
Curiatius and Juno Sororia. Its location was on the vicus leading to the
Carinae,
perhaps at the point of the crossing of the
pomerium.[174]
The rite and myth have been interpreted by Dumezil as a purification and
desacralization of the soldiers from the religious pollution contracted in war,
and a freeing of the warrior from furor, wrath, as dangerous in the city
as necessary on campaign.[175]
The rite took place on the kalends of October, the month marking the end of
the yearly military activity in ancient Rome. Scholars have offered different
interpretations of the meaning of Janus Curiatius and Juno Sororia. The
association of the two gods with this rite is not immediately clear. It is
however apparent that they exchanged their epithets, as Curiatius is connected
to (Juno) Curitis and Sororia to (Janus) Geminus.[176]
Renard thinks that while Janus is the god of motion and transitions he is not
concerned directly with purification, while the arch is more associated with
Juno. This fact would be testified by the epithet Sororium, shared by the
tigillum and the goddess. Juno Curitis is also the protectress of the
iuvenes, the young soldiers.[177]
Paul the Deacon states that the sororium tigillum was a sacer
(sacred) place in honour of Juno.[178]
Another element linking Juno with Janus is her identification with
Carna, suggested
by the festival of this deity on the kalends (day of Juno) of June, the month of
Juno. Carna was a nymmph of the sacred lucus of Helernus, made goddess of
hinges by Janus with the name of
Cardea, and had
the power of protecting and purifying thresholds and the doorposts.[179]
This would be a further element in explaining the role of Juno in the
Tigillum. It was also customary for new brides to oil the posts of the door
of their new homes with wolf fat. In the myth of Janus and Carna (see section
below) Carna had the habit when pursued by a young man of asking him out of
shyness for a hidden recess and thereupon fleeing: but two headed Janus saw her
hiding in a crag under some rocks. Thence the analogy with the rite of the
Tigillum Sororium would be apparent: both in the myth and in the rite Janus, the
god of motion, goes through a low passage to attain Carna as Horatius passes
under the tigillum to obtain his purification and the restitution to the
condition of citizen eligible for civil activities, including family life. The
purification is then the prerequisite for fertility. The custom of attaining
lustration and fertility by passing under a gap in rocks, a hole in the soil or
a hollow in a tree is widespread.[180]
The veiled head of Horatius could also be explained as an apotropaic device if
one considers the tigillum the iugum of Juno, the feminine
principle of fecundity. Renard concludes that the rite is under the tutelage of
both Janus and Juno, being a rite of transition under the patronage of Janus and
of desacralisation and fertility under that of Juno: through it the iuvenes
coming back from campaign were restituted to their fertile condition of husbands
and peasants. Janus is often associated with fecundity in myths, representing
the masculine principle of motion, while Juno represents the complementary
feminine principle of fertility: the action of the first would allow the
manifestation of the other.[181]
The Winter solstice was thought to occur on December 25. January 1 was new
year day: the day was consecrated to Janus since it was the first of the new
year and of the month (kalends) of Janus: the feria had an augural
character as Romans believed the beginning of anything was an
omen for the whole.
Thus on that day it was customary to exchange cheerful words of good wishes.[136]
For the same reason everybody devoted a short time to his usual business[137],
exchanged dates, figs and honey as a token of well wishing and made gifts of
coins called strenae.[138]
Cakes made of spelt (far) and salt were offered to the god and burnt on
the altar.[139][140]
Ovid states that in most ancient times there were no animal sacrifices and gods
were propitiated with offerings of spelt and pure salt.[141]
This libum was named ianual and it was probably correspondent to
the summanal offered the day before the Summer solstice to god
Summanus,
which however was sweet being made with flour, honey and milk.
Shortly afterwards, on January 9, on the feria of the
Agonium of January the
rex sacrorum offered the sacrifice of a ram to Janus.[142]
[edit]
Beginning of the month
At the kalends of each month the rex sacrorum and the pontifex minor offered
a sacrifice to Janus in the curia Calabra, while the regina offered a sow or a
she lamb to Juno.[143]
[edit]
Beginning of the day
Morning belonged to Janus: men started their daily activities and business.
Horace calls him Matutine Pater, morning father.[144]
G. Dumézil thinks this custom is at the origin of the learned interpretations of
Janus as a solar deity.[145]
Janus was also involved in spatial transitions, presiding over home doors,
city gates and boundaries. Numerous toponyms of places located at the boundary
between the territory of two communities, especially Etrurians and Latins or
Umbrians, are named after the god.[146]
The most notable instance is the
Ianiculum which marked the access to
Etruria from
Rome.[147]
Since borders often coincided with rivers and the border of Rome (and other
Italics) with Etruria was the
Tiber, it has
been argued that its crossing had a religious connotation; it would have
involved a set of rigorous apotropaic practices and a devotional attitude. Janus
would have originally regulated particularly the crossing of this sacred river
through the
pons sublicius.[148]
The name of the Iāniculum is not derived by that of the god, but from the
abstract noun iānus, -us.[149][150]
Adams Holland opines it would have been originally the name of a small bridge
connecting the
Tiber
Island (on which she supposes the first shrine of Janus stood) with the
right bank of the river.[151]
However Janus was the protector of doors, gates and roadways in general, as is
shown by his two symbols, the key and the staff.[152]
The key too was a sign that the traveller had come to a harbour or ford in peace
in order to exchange his goods.[153]
The rite of the bride's oiling the posts of the door of her new home with
wolf fat at her arrival, though not mentioning Janus explicitly, is a rite of
passage related to the ianua.
[edit]
Rites of the Salii
The rites of the Salii marked the springtime beginning of the war season in
March and its closing in October. The structure of the
patrician
sodalitas, made up by the two groups of the Salii Palatini, who were
consecrated to Mars and whose institution was traditionally ascribed to Numa
(with headquarter on the Palatine), and the Salii Collini or Agonales,
consecrated to Quirinus and whose foundation was ascribed to Tullus Hostilius,
(with headquarter on the Quirinal) reflects in its division the dialectic
symbolic role they played in the rites of the opening and closing of the
military season.[154]
So does the legend of their foundation itself: the peace- loving king Numa
instituted the Salii of
Mars Gradivus, foreseeing the future wars of the Romans[155]
while the warmonger king Tullus, in a battle during a longstanding war with the
Sabines, swore to found a second group of Salii should he obtain victory.[156]
The paradox of the pacifist king serving Mars and passage to war and of the
warmonger king serving Quirinus to achieve peace under the expected conditions
highlights the dialectic nature of the cooperation between the two gods,
inherent to their own function.[157]
Because of the working of the talismans of the sovereign god they guaranteed
alternatively force and victory, fecundity and plenty. It is noteworthy that the
two groups of Salii did not split their competences so that one group only
opened the way to war and the other to peace: they worked together both at the
opening and the conclusion of the military season, marking the passage of power
from one god to the other. Thus the Salii enacted the dialectic nature present
in the warring and peaceful aspect of the Roman people, particularly the
iuvenes.[158]
This dialectic was reflected materially by the location of the temple of Mars
outside the
pomerium and of the temple of Quirinus inside it.[159]
The annual dialectic rhythm of the rites of the Salii of March and October was
also further reflected within the rites of each month and spatially by their
repeated crossing of the pomerial line. The rites of March started on the fist
with the ceremony of the ancilia movere, developed through the month on
the 14th with
Equirria in the
Campus Martius (and the rite of Mamurius Veturius marking the expulsion of
the old year), the 17th with the
Agonium Martiale, the 19th with the
Quinquatrus in the
Comitium
(which correspond symmetrically with the
Armilustrium of October 19), on the 23rd with the
Tubilustrium and they terminated at the end of the month with the rite of
the ancilia condere. Only after this month long set of rites was
accomplished was it fas
to undertake military campaigns.[160]
While Janus sometimes is named belliger[161]
and sometimes pacificus[162]
in accord with his general function of beginner, he is mentioned as Janus
Quirinus in relation to the closing of the rites of March at the end of the
month together with
Pax, Salus
and
Concordia:[163]
This feature is a reflection of the aspect of Janus Quirinus which stresses the
quirinal function of bringing peace back and the hope of soldiers for a
victorious return.[164][165]
As the rites of the Salii mimic the passage from peace to war and back to
peace by moving between the two poles of Mars and Quirinus in the monthly cycle
of March, so they do in the ceremonies of October, the Equus October
taking place on the Campus Martius[166]
the Armilustrium, purification of the arms, on the
Aventine,[167]
and the
Tubilustrium on the 23rd. Other correspondences may be found in the dates of
the founding of the temples of Mars on June 1 and of that of Quirinus on June
29, in the pre-Julian calendar the last day of the month, implying that the
opening of the month belonged to Mars and the closing to Quirinus. The
reciprocity of the two gods' situations is subsumed under the role of opener and
closer played by Janus as Ovid states: "Why are you hidden in peace, and open
when the arms have been moved?"[168]
Another analogous correspondence may be found in the festival of the
Quirinalia of February, last month of the ancient calendar of Numa.[169]
The rite of the opening and closure of the Janus Quirinus would thus reflect the
idea of the reintegretation of the miles into civil society, i.e. the
community of the quirites, by playing a lustral role similar to the
Tigillum Sororium and the porta triumphalis located at the south of
the Campus Martius. In Augustan ideology this symbolic meaning has been strongly
emphasised.[170]
[edit]
Tigillum Sororium
This rite was supposed to commemorate the expiation of the murder of his own
sister by Marcus Horatius.[171]
The young hero with his head veiled had to pass under a beam spanning an alley.
The rite was repeated every year on October 1.[172]
The tigillum consisted of a beam on two posts.[173]
It was kept in good condition at public expense to the time of Livy. Behind the
tigillum, on opposite sides of the alley, stood the two altars of Janus
Curiatius and Juno Sororia. Its location was on the vicus leading to the
Carinae,
perhaps at the point of the crossing of the
pomerium.[174]
The rite and myth have been interpreted by Dumezil as a purification and
desacralization of the soldiers from the religious pollution contracted in war,
and a freeing of the warrior from furor, wrath, as dangerous in the city
as necessary on campaign.[175]
The rite took place on the kalends of October, the month marking the end of
the yearly military activity in ancient Rome. Scholars have offered different
interpretations of the meaning of Janus Curiatius and Juno Sororia. The
association of the two gods with this rite is not immediately clear. It is
however apparent that they exchanged their epithets, as Curiatius is connected
to (Juno) Curitis and Sororia to (Janus) Geminus.[176]
Renard thinks that while Janus is the god of motion and transitions he is not
concerned directly with purification, while the arch is more associated with
Juno. This fact would be testified by the epithet Sororium, shared by the
tigillum and the goddess. Juno Curitis is also the protectress of the
iuvenes, the young soldiers.[177]
Paul the Deacon states that the sororium tigillum was a sacer
(sacred) place in honour of Juno.[178]
Another element linking Juno with Janus is her identification with
Carna, suggested
by the festival of this deity on the kalends (day of Juno) of June, the month of
Juno. Carna was a nymmph of the sacred lucus of Helernus, made goddess of
hinges by Janus with the name of
Cardea, and had
the power of protecting and purifying thresholds and the doorposts.[179]
This would be a further element in explaining the role of Juno in the
Tigillum. It was also customary for new brides to oil the posts of the door
of their new homes with wolf fat. In the myth of Janus and Carna (see section
below) Carna had the habit when pursued by a young man of asking him out of
shyness for a hidden recess and thereupon fleeing: but two headed Janus saw her
hiding in a crag under some rocks. Thence the analogy with the rite of the
Tigillum Sororium would be apparent: both in the myth and in the rite Janus, the
god of motion, goes through a low passage to attain Carna as Horatius passes
under the tigillum to obtain his purification and the restitution to the
condition of citizen eligible for civil activities, including family life. The
purification is then the prerequisite for fertility. The custom of attaining
lustration and fertility by passing under a gap in rocks, a hole in the soil or
a hollow in a tree is widespread.[180]
The veiled head of Horatius could also be explained as an apotropaic device if
one considers the tigillum the iugum of Juno, the feminine
principle of fecundity. Renard concludes that the rite is under the tutelage of
both Janus and Juno, being a rite of transition under the patronage of Janus and
of desacralisation and fertility under that of Juno: through it the iuvenes
coming back from campaign were restituted to their fertile condition of husbands
and peasants. Janus is often associated with fecundity in myths, representing
the masculine principle of motion, while Juno represents the complementary
feminine principle of fertility: the action of the first would allow the
manifestation of the other.[181]
Janus and Vesta
The relationship between Janus and
Vesta touches on the question of the nature and function of the gods of
beginning and ending in Indo-European religion.[232]
While Janus has the first place Vesta has the last, both in theology and in
ritual (Ianus primus, Vesta extrema). The last place implies a direct
connexion with the situation of the worshipper, in space and in time. Vesta is
thence the goddess of the hearth of homes as well as of the city. Her
inextinguishable fire is a means for men (as individuals and as a community) to
keep in touch with the realm of gods. Thus there is a reciprocal link between
the god of beginnings and unending motion, who bestows life to the beings of
this world (Cerus Manus) as well as presiding over its end, and the goddess of
the hearth of man, which symbolises through fire the presence of life. Vesta is
a virgin goddess but at the same time she is considered the mother of Rome: she
is thought to be indispensable to the existence and survival of the community.[2
33]
[edit]
Janus in Etruria
It has long been believed that Janus was present among the theonyms on the
outer rim of the
Piacenza Liver in case 3 under the name of Ani. This fact created a problem
as the god of beginnings looked to be located in a situation other than the
initial, i. e. the first case. After the new readings proposed by A. Maggiani,
in case 3 one should read TINS: the difficulty has thus dissolved.[234]
Ani has thence been eliminated from Etruscan theology as this was his only
attestation.[235]
Maggiani[236]
remarks that this earlier identification was in contradiction with the testimony
ascribed to Varro by Johannes Lydus that Janus was named caelum among the
Etruscans.[237]
On the other hand as expected Janus is present in region I of Martianus
Capella's division of Heaven and in region XVI , the last one, are to be found
the Ianitores terrestres (along with Nocturnus), perhaps to be identified
in
Forculus,
Limentinus
and Cardea,[238]
deities strictly related to Janus as his auxiliaries (or perhaps even no more
than concrete subdivisions of his functions) as the meaning of their names
implies: Forculus is the god of the forca , a iugum , low passage,
Limentinus the guardian of the limes, boundary, Cardea the goddess of
hinges, here of the gates separating Earth and Heaven.[239]
The problem posed by the qualifying adjective terrestres earthly, can be
addressed in two different ways. One hypothesis is that Martianus's depiction
implies a descent from Heaven onto Earth.[240]
However Martianus's depiction does not look to be confined to a division
Heaven-Earth as it includes the Underworld and other obscure regions or remote
recesses of Heaven. Thence one may argue that the articulation Ianus-Ianitores
could be interpreted as connected to the theologem of the Gates of Heaven (the
Synplegades) which open on the Heaven on one side and on Earth or the
Underworld on the other.[241]
From other archaeological documents though it has become clear that the
Etruscans had another god iconographically corresponding to Janus: Culśanś, of
which there is a bronze statuette from
Cortona (now
at Cortona Museum). While Janus is a bearded adult Culśans may be an unbearded
youth, making his identification with
Hermes look
possible.[242]
His name too is connected with the Etruscan word for doors and gates.[243]
According to Capdeville he may also be found on the outer rim of the Piacenza
Liver on case 14 in the compound form CULALP i. e. "of Culśans and of
Alpan(u)" on the authority of Pfiffig, but perhaps here it is the female goddess
Culśu, the guardian of the door of the Underworld.[244]
Although the location is not strictly identical there is some approximation in
his situations on the Liver and in Martianus's system. A. Audin connects the
figure of Janus to Culsans and Turms (Etruscan rendering of Hermes, the Greek
god mediator between the different worlds, brought by the Etruscan from the
Aegean Sea), considering these last two Etruscan deities as one.[245]
This interpretation would then identify Janus with Greek god
Hermes.
Etruscan medals from
Volterra
too show the double headed god and the Janus Quadrifrons from Falerii may have
an Etruscan origin.[246]
[edit]
Association with
non-Roman gods
The traditional ascription of the "Temple of Janus" at
Autun,
Burgundy, is disputed.
Romans and Greek authors maintained Janus was an exclusively Roman god.[247]
This Roman pretence looks to be excessive according to R. Schilling,[248]
at least as far as iconography is concerned. The god with two faces appeared
repeatedly in Babylonian art.[249]
Reproductions of the image of such a god, named
Usmu, on cylinders in Sumero-Accadic art is to be found in H. Frankfort's
work Cylinder seals (London 1939) especially in plates at p. 106, 123,
132, 133, 137, 165, 245, 247, 254. On plate XXI, c, Usmu is seen while
introducing worshippers to a seated god. Janus-like heads of gods related to
Hermes have
been found in Greece, perhaps suggesting a compound god.[250]
William Betham argued that the cult arrived from the Middle East and that
Janus corresponds to the Baal-ianus or Belinus of the Chaldeans sharing a
common origin with the
Oannes of
Berosus.[251]
P. Grimal considers Janus as a conflation of a Roman god of doorways and an
ancient Syro-Hittite uranic cosmogonic god.[252]
The Roman statue of the Janus of the Argiletum, traditionally ascribed to
Numa, was possibly very ancient, perhaps a sort of
xoanon, as the
Greek ones of the VIII century.[253]
Other analogous or comparable deities of the prima in Indoeuropean
religions have been analysed by G. Dumézil.[254]
They include the Indian goddess
Aditi who is
called two faced as is the one who starts and concludes ceremonies,[255]
and Scandinavian god
Heimdallr.
The theological features of Heimdallr look similar to Janus's: both in space and
time he stands at the limits. His abode is at the limits of Earth, at the
extremity of the Heaven, he is the protector of the gods; his birth is at the
beginning of time, he is the forefather of mankind, the generator of classes and
the founder of the social order. Nonetheless he is inferior to sovereign god
Oðinn:
the Minor Völuspá defines his relationship to Oðinn almost with the same
terms as which Varro defines that of Janus, god of the prima to Jupiter,
god of the summa: Heimdallr is born as the firstborn (primigenius,
var einn borinn í árdaga), Oðinn is born as the greatest (maximus,
var einn borinn öllum meiri).[256]
Analogous Iranic formulae are to be found in an
Avestic gāthā (Gathas).[257]
In other towns of ancient Latium the function of presiding on beginnings was
probably performed by other deities of feminine sex, notably the
Fortuna
Primigenia of
Praeneste.
[edit]
Legacy
In the Middle Ages, Janus was also taken as the symbol of
Genoa, whose
Medieval Latin name was Ianua, as well as of other European communes.[258]
The comune of Selvazzano di Dentro near
Padua has a grove
and an altar of Janus depicted on its standard, but their existence is unproved.
Ganesh and Janus are the
Same
Jeffrey
Armstrong is a Westerner who became Hindu by conviction. An
original disciple of Swami Prabhupad, the founder of ISKCON,
Jeffrey now preaches Sanatana Dharma full time. Here is an
interesting article by him.
s the Greek Ganesha
Jeffrey Armstrong is
a Westerner who became Hindu by conviction. An original disciple of Swami
Prabhupad, the founder of ISKCON, Jeffrey now preaches Sanatana Dharma full
time. Here is an interesting article by him.
By Jeffrey Armstrong
During the months of December and January, much of the world observes the
transition from one year to another. It is no accident that Christmas and the
New Year Holiday celebration takes place in the last days of December and on the
first day of January. In our modern times, many of the original reasons for
these seasonal observations have become lost or obscured by the historical
changes in our world. This article aims to excavate some of the older and deeper
meanings of Christmas and the January 1st celebration. Our digging into the
history of these days will take us back to ancient Rome and finally back to even
more ancient India.
Our story begins with the imagery we are most familiar with, a Winter
Solstice on December 21st or 22nd followed by Christmas, a historically more
recent celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ on December 25th. It is now
widely accepted by scholars of the Bible that Jesus was not born on December
25th and was probably born four or five years earlier than is currently observed
and more likely in springtime rather than winter. But his birth was and is
celebrated within a few days of the much older Winter Solstice celebration, the
longest night of the year.Following that night, each day is a little longer
until six months later we reach mid-summer night’s eve, the Summer Solstice and
longest day of the year. Since the Winter Solstice is the return of the Sun, it
appears that the birth of the “Son” was scheduled to coincide with the much more
ancient celebration of that important solar day.
Returning to New Years Eve, the word January is derived from the Latin word
Janus, who was known in Rome as the God of beginnings. Janus was also known as
the God of gates and doors. He was also referred to as the God of change,
transition and progress. He often represented the transition from rural to urban
civilization. He was known to have introduced money, laws and agriculture. He
was thought of as the guardian or custodian of the universe and specificallynthe
protector of Rome. He was worshipped at the beginning of all things, planting
time, harvest,marriages, births, the first hour of each day and the morning’s
first prayer were dedicated to him. His name comes from the world “janua”
meaning gate or portal. The temple of Janus in Rome had two gates, one facing
East and one facing West. Janus was depicted as having two heads, one looking
toward the future and one toward the past. In the later Roman Empire, the face
of Janus often appeared on coins depicted as a two-headed man facing in opposite
directions. Because Janus was considered the protector of Rome, he was
worshipped for success in war. It is said that when Rome was fighting a war the
gates to the temple of Janus were left open and only during peace were they
closed. The gates were said to be closed only once in the history of Rome.
But the two heads of Janus were not originally those of a man. His previous
form consisted of a man and a woman facing in opposite directions. They were
known as Janus Geminus (twin Janus) or Janus Bifrons. Prior to that he was
depicted with four heads and was called Janus Quadrifons or the four-faced form
of Janus. The two-faced Janus depicted a male and female head, who shared a
single crown. The man held a scepter in his hand, the woman a key. There is also
a legend regarding Janus, that he once gave shelter to Saturn who was being
pursued by Jupiter.
Janus is also supposedly related to the earlier Etruscan deity named Ani,
from which our English word annual is derived, as well as the word anus. Like
our own body, the year has a beginning and an end, the mouth and the anus are
the two gates pointing in different directions, just as January and December are
the beginning and end of a year cycle which itself is a kind of circle or gate
in time through which we are passing. Obviously Janus has a relation to Ani and
annual.
The next step in understanding Janus requires a little linguistic
understanding. It is a well known historical fact that much of the wealth of the
Roman Empire was spent in buying luxurious items from India, which at that time
was the wealthiest culture in the world. What many modern people don’t know is
that both Latin and Greek as well of course as most European languages including
English, are based upon the most ancient classical language of India known as
Sanskrit. The final form of the Sanskrit grammar was published in India during
the year 800 BCE. Many of the key root words in the European languages, Latin
and Greek can be traced back to their roots in Sanskrit. Modern scholars have
obscured this fact by referring to a nonexistent and theoretical language they
refer to as Indo-Aryan. This only distracts us from understanding how much was
borrowed from India and Sanskrit in the forming of Greek and Roman culture.
By this point in the article, anyone with a knowledge of Indian culture has
probably guessed the obvious connection between Janus and Ganesh, the elephant
headed deity who is known as the “eesh” or lord of “ganas” or guardians. Ganesh
is the historical source of Janus, which the Romans learned of in their many
visits to India. This also is why there is no mention of Janus in the Greek
culture, which preceded and was the source of much of Roman culture and
religion.
The many similarities between Janus and Ganesh are worth mentioning. First,
Ganesh was created by his mother Parvati or Mother Nature from Her own body, in
order to guard the gate or door to her bath house. One of the benedictions that
was eventually given to Ganesh was that he would always be worshipped first
before any of the other gods. As the Lord of the Guardians, he is considered the
head of all the protectors or guardian angels. Many Asian cultures believe that
every house has a Gana or guardian spirit which is often depicted as a face on
the front door. Ganesh is viewed as the master of all those guardian angels.
As for the notion of change, transition and progress, this usually proceeds
through the removal of some impediment or obstruction, or through solving of
some problem. Ganesh is, of course, also known as the remover of obstacles. In
this way he is popular withneveryone, for who does not wish for their obstacles
to be removed. He also leads us from unsophisticated thinking to more subtle
thought by challenging our imagination. He also represents the present as
compared to the past or future. Just as Janus was said to have invented money,
the word “gan” is the root of “ganit”, the Sanskrit for mathematics or the art
of counting. For this, Ganesh is known as the Lord of “hosts” or the mass of
people and the Lord of success, related to counting and money.
By trying to understand his having the body of a human and the head of an
elephant, our imagination is challenged to develop from gross to subtle, from
the known to the unknown. In the words of the scientist Albert Einstein,
“Imagination is better than knowledge.” And so as we make the transition from
rural and rough to urban and civilized, we progress in our sophistication. As
for Ganesh (Janus) introducing money, he is also worshipped in India as the God
of mercantile success or financial betterment and is often depicted in the
company of Lady Luck or Lakshmi, the Goddess of Wealth and wife of the
maintainer Lord Vishnu.
On a more subtle level of understanding, why would Janus/Ganesh be worshipped
as the old year leaves and the new one begins? What is a year? It is time. Then
who is old man time? Time is Saturn, whom the Greeks called Chronos, hence the
word chronology. It is well known in India that Saturn, who in Sanskrit is
called Shani, is the Lord of time and also the placer of obstructions or
impediments. In time, things that once served us become rigid or fossilized and
then become obstructions on our path. We then need to throw them out and make
some new resolutions. We need to remember to be child-like again, like a baby,
worship the baby with an elephant’s head, Ganesh/Janus, to remove the obstacles
and give us a fresh start so we can make more progress.
In the extreme, the poor man’s method of forgettingn the past has been
alcohol, so we see it is used and often abused in ringing in the New Year. The
wearing of masks to celebrate New Years is related to our removing the layers of
not self that may have accumulated over the year. It is related to the masks or
faces that Janus/Ganesh presents to us, asking the question: “Who are you
really? Then why do we celebrate Janus/Ganesh in the aftermath of the Winter
Solstice? What is the meaning of the longest night of the year and it’s opposite
the Summer Solstice, the longest day? The ancient thinkers called those two days
the gates of the year. If you include the Autumnal and Vernal Equinox in March
and September, you can see Janus/Ganesh Quadrafons, the four headed Ganesh. But
the two gates in June and December are the most famous.
In India it is believed that the two solstices divide the year into two
parts, the time from December to June when the days are increasing and the days
from June to December when the nights are increasing. From this perspective, the
two solstices are “gateways” to the realms of dark and light. The two times of
year are called in Sanskrit the Uttarayana and the Dakshinayana, or the Northern
way and Southern way. It appears that the “yana” of Sanskrit is the same as the
“Jana” of Latin. The other name for these two times of year is Devayana and
Pitriyan.
The Devayana or realm of light, is the place where the Angels or Devas, the
Divine helpers reside. In the material world you could call this place Heaven.
It is closer to God or Brahman the Divine light. The apex of Devayana is
Brahmaloka, the golden planet of the Creator. This path leads back to the
eternal, spiritual and transcendental realm. The gate to the realms of Light
opens the day of the Winter Solstice and remains open until the night of the
Summer Solstice. At that moment the Dakshinayana or dark gate opens. The path
into darkness is called Pitriyan or the path of the ancestors. The implication
is that one’s ancestors are often still bound in darkness resulting from
previous actions that have produced negative consequences. As a result they
still reside in Pitriloka or in material places within the darkness of matter.
In the Vedas it is said that a yogi who leaves their body during the time
from the Summer Solstice to the Winter Solstice cannot achieve liberation and
must take birth again. Conversely, those who leave their body during the time
from the Winter Solstice to the Summer Solstice can achieve liberation by going
out through the Deva gate. In the Mahabharat there is a well known story that
the great warrior Grandfather Bheeshm lay for days on a bed of arrows waiting
for the Winter Solstice gate to open before he would leave his body. He had been
given the power to leave his body at will and so waited for the Northern gate to
open and then ascended to the Deva realm.
These then, are the two gates that Janus/Ganesh is looking at and guarding
with his two heads. The two heads in their original form of Janus Geminius
alsoconceal a further mystery. That form was a male and female face wearing a
single crown. This form of Ganesh is often depicted in the spiritual art of
India. The male and female are Shiv and Parvati, who are Father and Mother God
as well as Father and Mother Nature. Shiv is also called Mahadev or the Greatest
of the Divines and Yogesvara or the Supreme Yogi. He is the ruler of the
Devayana path. Parvati or Durga is the Mother matter and place of birth of all
beings. She is Mother Nature and the keeper of the dark material energy, the
Womb of Life. Thus she is the ruler of the Pitriyan path, of birth and our
ancestral relations. It is those relationships that we celebrate during the
festivities of the Winter Solstice/Christmas.
According to the Vedic knowledge, the two Persons of the Divine are an
inseparable couple who love each other endlessly and are perpetually embraced.
Like the yin/yang symbol of the Taoist philosophy, Shiv and Parvati, the light
and dark of this world are elaborately intertwined. In India, their conjoined
form is depicted in many ways. In one of these, they share one half of each
other’s body. That form, called Ardineshvara shows the upper quarter of Shiv on
the left with the upper quarter of Parvati on the right. On the lower quarter,
Parvati’s leg is on the left, beneath Shiv’s torso and his leg is the quarter on
the right beneath Parvati’s upper body. They are shown as dancing together,
becoming each other and yet retaining their distinctive identity and
individuality. They have two heads with one crown.
Often this cosmic form is depicted with Ganesh’s face on the front, between
the faces of Shiv and Parvati. In that way he represents the transitions or
gateways between the various states within matter, light and dark, past and
future, birth and death. In other words he is worshipped first at the beginning
of every new thing or phase of being. He is Janus/Ganesh, the Lord of
transitions or progress as we move through time which presents itself as a
series of portals or new opportunities which requires us to move on and forward
from what we were in the past. In our New Year current celebration, we say
good-bye to the old man (the same Saturn Janus gave shelter to) of the previous
year and usher in the baby of progressive possibility through Ganesh/Janus. That
Janus gave shelter to Saturn is due to his being the remover of obstacles and
whereas Shani (Saturn) is the placer of them. In fact, both Shani and Ganesh are
angels (Devas) according to the philosophy of Hinduism but they have different
functions.
At another level, Ganesh is depicted in the Yoga Philosophy as the deity in
charge of the first chakra of the seven chakras that are depicted within our
body’s energy system. That chakra is called Muladhara and is related to the
earth element. The earth element passes in through our mouth while carrying the
light or life force (in our Northern gate) and then, after giving us life,
passes out through the Southern gate (our anus). This is Ani again or the annual
circle of living. The year cycle is replicated in our body as the two gates of
our cycle of life. In the cosmic body it is the same. In India it is said that
the cosmos is actually a great person or form of God, called the Jagat Purusha
or Cosmic Person. We are the microcosm and He/She the Jagat Purusha are the
macrocosm. On January 1st, Ganesh/Janus guards the gate or transition from the
first chakra where we begin as a baby on the earth, toward our ascent through
the six chakras until we ascend to Heaven at Midsummer Night’s Eve, the Summer
Solstice. The seventh chakra is the 7th Heaven, where Mahadev and Mother Parvati
live surrounded by all the Devas and holding their favorite child Janus/Ganesh.
There are of course, many more such mysteries and whole volumes in the Vedas,
related to Ganesh, Shiv, Parvati and their relation to our lives, the cosmos and
beyond. This article has just been one small exploration into the origins of the
Hindu/Vedic origins of world culture that have become shrouded in the mists of
time. Many of our now unconscious rituals and actions and most of our speech and
ideas have their origin in the great cultures that preceded us. Rome was one of
those cultures and India which preceded Rome and Greece is a rich storehouse of
ancient wisdom that is still relevant today.
Fortunately for us, the culture of India is still intact, so a study of the
world in the light of its teachings and history can reveal the roots and depth
of meaning behind many of our now forgotten beliefs and customs. May
Janus/Ganesh make the way straight before you, remove the obstacles to your
progressive unfoldment and open the gate to your Divine aspirations. May you
pass safely through the solstice gate and find no obstacles as you cross the
threshold of the New Year.
GOLD BULLET MYTHOLOGY
Armour
[edit]
Headgear
[edit]
Shields
[edit]
Weapons
[edit]
Swords
-
Zulfiqar, the sword given to
Ali during the
Battle of Uhud.
-
Crocea Mors, the sword of
Julius Caesar according to the legends presented by
Geoffrey of Monmouth.
-
Heaven's Will, also known as Thuận Thiên, was the sword of
Vietnamese
King Le Loi.
-
Totsuka no Tsurugi, the sword
Susanoo
used to slay the
Yamata no Orochi.
-
Taming Sari, the
Kris belonging
to the
Malay warrior
Hang Tuah
of the
Malacca Sultanate.
-
Kris Empu Gadring, the cursed
Kris forged by
Empu Gandring for
Ken Arok.Not
yet finished but had been used and killed the beloved ones of the user.
-
Sword Kladenets, magic sword in Russian and Slavic mythology.
Probably occurs from the huge sword of
Swentowit.
-
Kusanagi-no-tsurugi (Japanese:
草薙の剣) (also known as
Ama-no-Murakumo-no-Tsurugi (天叢雲剣?)
or Tsumugari no Tachi
Japanese: 都牟刈の太刀), sword of the
Japanese god
Susanoo, later given to his sister
Amaterasu.
It is one of three
Imperial Regalia of Japan. (Japanese
mythology)
-
Shamshir-e Zomorrodnegar (Persian:
شمشیر زمردنگار) "The emerald-studded Sword" in the
Persian mythical story
Amir Arsalan. The hideous horned demon called
Fulad-zereh was invulnerable to all weapons except the blows of
Shamshir-e Zomorrodnegar. This blade originally belonged to
King Solomon.
- The Sword of
Peleus,
a magic sword that makes its wielder victorious in the battle or the hunt (Greek
mythology)
-
Sword of Attila – legendary sword that was wielded by
Attila the Hun; claimed to have originally been the sword of Mars, the
Roman god of war.[2]
-
Asi - a legendary sword mentioned in the epic
Mahabharata.
-
Caladbolg (also Caladcholg), the sword of
Fergus mac Róich and powerful enough to cut the tops off three hills;
related to the Caledfwlch of
Welsh mythology
-
Caledfwlch Often compared to Excalibur, this sword is used by
Llenlleawg Wyddel to kill Diwrnach Wyddel and his men.
-
Claíomh Solais (The Sword of Light), the sword of Nuada Airgeadlámh
-
Fragarach (also The Sword of Air, The Answerer or
The Retaliator), forged by the gods, wielded by
Manannan mac Lir and
Lugh Lamfada.
No armor could stop it, and it would grant its wielder command over the
powers of wind.
- Mac an Luin, the Son of the Waves, sword of
Fionn mac Cumhaill.
- Ceard-nan Gallan, the Smith of the Branches, sword of
Oisin.
- Cruadh-Chosgarach, the Hard Destroying One, sword of
Caílte mac Rónáin.
- Cosgarach Mhor, the Great Triumphant One, sword of
Oscar.
- Moralltach (“Great Fury”) and Beagalltach (“Little Fury”),
swords given to
Diarmuid Ua Duibhne by his father
Aengus.
-
Dyrnwyn, the Sword of
Rhydderch.
- The Singing Sword of
Conaire Mór
- Angurvadal, sword of
Frithiof.
-
Balmung/Gram,
the sword that Odin struck into the Branstock tree which only Sigmund the
Volsung was able to pull out. It broke in battle with Odin but was later
reforged by Sigmund's son
Sigurd/Siegfried
and used it to slay the
dragon
Fafnir.
After being reforged, it could cleave an anvil in half.
-
Dáinsleif is king Högni's sword, according to Snorri Sturluson's
account of the battle known as the Hjaðningavíg.
- Freyr's sword,
Freyr's magic
sword which fought on its own. It might be
Lævateinn.
-
Hofud, the sword of
Heimdall, the guardian of
Bifrost.
-
Laevateinn, a sword mentioned in an emendation to the Poetic Edda
Fjölsvinnsmál by Sophus Bugge.
-
Mistilteinn, the magical sword of Prainn, the draugr, later owned by
Hromundr Gripsson
- Quern-biter, sword of
Haakon I of Norway and his follower, Thoralf Skolinson the Strong.
-
Skofnung, a sword with mythical properties associated with the
legendary Danish king
Hrólf Kraki.
-
Tyrfing (also Tirfing or Tervingi), the cursed sword
of
Svafrlami, from the
Elder
Edda; also said to be the sword of
Odin in
Richard Wagner's works.
- Almace
(also Almice or Almacia), sword of
Turpin, Archbishop of Reims.
- Balisarda, the sword of
Rogero from
Orlando Furioso.
-
Courtain (also Curtana or Cortana in Italian), first
of the two magical swords of
Ogier the Dane, a legendary Danish hero.
-
Durandal (also Durendal or Durlindana in Italian), the
sword of Roland,
one of
Charlemagne's paladins, (Orlando
in
medieval Italian verse) — alleged to be the same sword as the one
wielded by
Hector of Ilium
-
Hauteclaire (also Halteclere or Altachiara in
Italian), the sword of
Olivier.
-
Joyeuse,(sword of earth) sword of
Charlemagne.
-
Murgleis, sword of
Ganelon,
traitor and cousin of Roland.
-
Précieuse, sword of
Baligant,
Emir of Babylon.
- Sauvagine, second of the two magical swords of
Ogier the Dane.
[edit]
Polearms
- The
Gae Bolg, the spear of
Cuchulainn
- The Gae Buide (“Yellow Shaft”) and the Gae Derg (“Red
Javelin”), spears of
Diarmuid Ua Duibhne, could inflict wound that none can recover from.
- The
Spear Luin (also Spear of Fire or Spear of Destiny),
forged by the Smith of Falias for
Lugh to use in
his fight against
Balor.
- Ogma's
Whip - the spear of Ogma (the Celtic sun god)
-
Rhongomiant, which was the spear of King Arthur.
-
Gungnir,
Odin's magic spear created by the dwarf
Dvalin.
- Spears of the
Valkyrie
- The
lance of Olyndicus, the
celtiberians' war chief who fought against Rome. According to
Florus, he
wielded a silver lance that was sent to him by the gods from the sky.[7]
- The Spear of
Achilles',
created by
Hephaestus and given to
Peleus at
his wedding with
Thetis.
-
Amenonuhoko (heavenly spear), the
naginata
used by the
Shinto deities
Izanagi
and
Izanami to create the world - also called tonbogiri (Japanese
mythology)
- The
Spear of Destiny (also Spear of Longinus or the
Holy
Lance), the
spear said to
have pierced the side of
Jesus at the
crucifixion.
-
Ascalon , the
spear said
that
St. George used to kill the dragon.
- The Tonbogiri (蜻蛉切?) is one of three legendary Japanese spears created
by the famed swordsmith Masazane Fujiwara, said to be wielded by the
legendary daimyō Honda Tadakatsu. The spear derives its name from the myth
that a dragonfly landed on its blade and was instantly cut in two. Thus
Tonbo (Japanese for "dragonfly") and giri (Japanese for "cutting"),
translating this spear's name as "Dragonfly Cutter/Cutting spear".
-
Trishula, the trident of the
Hindu
deity Shiva,
stylized by some as used as a missile weapon and often included a crossed
stabilizer to facilitate flight when thrown. Considered to be the most
powerful weapon.
- Kongō, A trident-shaped staff which emits a bright light in the
darkness, and grants wisdom and insight. The staff belonged originally to
the Japanese mountain god Kōya-no-Myōjin (高野明神).
It is the equivalent of the Sanskrit
Vajra,
the indestructible lightning-diamond pounder of the mountain-god
Indra.
There the staff represents the three flames of the sacrificial fire, part of
the image of the vajra wheel.
-
Poseidon's Trident, used to create
horses and
some water sources in Greece. It could cause earthquakes when struck on the
ground.
Greek.
-
Gandiva, Arjuna's bow in The
Bhagavad-Gita ("Song of God")
-
Pinaka,Shiva's bow in Hindu Mythology.
-
Saranga,Vishnu's bow in Hindu Mythology.
-
Brahmastra is a weapon created by Brahma.
- Apollo's
bow, could cause health or could cause famine and death in sleep.
- Cupid's
bow, could cause one to love or hate the person he/she first saw after
being struck.
-
Heracles's bow, Which also belonged to Philoctetes, its arrows had
the
Lernaean Hydra poison.
[edit]
Clothing
-
Babr-e Bayan, the mythical coat worn by the Persian legendary hero
Rostam in
combat
- Hermes's
winged sandals (Talaria),
which allowed him to fly
- The Hide of
Leviathan
was supposedly able to be turned into everlasting clothing or impenetrable
suits of armor.
- The Hide of the
Nemean lion, which
Heracles
earned overcoming the Nemean lion, was supposedly able to endure every
weapon and was unbreakable.
-
Aphrodite's
Magic
Girdle, a magic material that made whoever you desired fall in love
with you.
- The Girdle of
Hippolyta,
sometimes called a magical girdle and sometimes a magical belt. It was a
symbol of Hippolyta's power over the Amazons; given to her by
Ares.
Heracles'
9th Labor was to retrieve it.
- Llen Arthyr yng Nghernyw: The Mantle of Arthur in Cornwall:
whoever was under it could not be seen, and he could see everyone. One of
the
Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain.
- Pais Badarn Beisrydd,
The Coat of Padarn Red-Coat: if a well-born man put it on, it would
be the right size for him; if a churl, it would not go upon him. One of the
Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain.
- The Falcon Cloak owned by
Freyja, it
allows the wielder to turn into a falcon and fly.
-
Seven-league boots allowed the wearer to travel seven
leagues with each step.
- Tarnkappe
Sigurd's
magical cloak that made the wearer invisible.
- The Shoes of
Vidar These shoes gave the god Vidar unparalleled foot protection. (Norse
mythology)
- Wigar the armor of King Arthur.
[edit]
Jewelry
[edit]
Vehicles
[edit]
Airborne
- The
Flying Throne of Kai Kavus was an eagle-propelled craft built by the
Persian king
Kai Kavus, used for flying the king all the way to China
- The
Flying Carpet or the "Prince Housain's carpet", the magic carpet
from Tangu in Persia.
- The
Vimana is a mythological flying machine from the
Sanskrit
epics, of Hindu origin.
[edit]
Chariots
[edit]
Treasure
[edit]
Miscellaneous
- The
Cornucopia, or "Horn of Plenty", was the horn of the goat-nymph
Amalthea from which poured an unceasing abundance of
Nectar,
ambrosia and fruit. (Greek
Mythology)
-
The Cup of Jamshid is a cup of divination in the
Persian mythology. It was long possessed by rulers of ancient Persia and
was said to be filled with an elixir of immortality. The whole world was
said to be reflected in it.
-
Gleipnir is the magic chain that bound the
Fenris Wolf. It was light and thin as silk but strong as creation itself
and made from six wonderful ingredients (Norse
mythology)
-
Maui's Fishhook, used to catch the fish that would become New
Zealand's
North Island; the hook was also used to create the
Hawaiian islands (Polynesian
mythology)
- The
Palladium was a wooden statue that fell from the sky. As long as it
stayed in Troy,
the
city-state could not lose a war.(Greek
Mythology)
-
Caduceus is the winged rod of Hermes or Mercury, entwined with two
serpents.
- The
Thyrsus also known as the Sceptre of Dionysus. The symbol of the god
Dionysus, a wand tipped with a pine cone and entwined with ivy leaves
Greek mythology
- The Bone of
Ullr - The god Ullr had a bone upon which spells were carved. (Norse
mythology)
-
The Smoking Mirror, the mirror that the god
Tezcatlipoca uses to see the whole cosmos.
- Horn of Gabriel The name refers to the tradition identifying the
Archangel Gabriel with the angel who blows the horn to announce
Judgement Day, associating the infinite with the divine.
-
Hlidskjalf -
Odin's
all-seeing throne in his palace
Valaskjálf.
-
The Iron Belt The belt is said to give any man, and only men, over
the age of thirteen, and who is pure of heart and free of all vanity, the
most ideal physique and excessive musculature. It is sometimes described as
bodybuilding lore, but a "quick and easy" way to become the best bodybuilder
with the best bodies and largest muscles, is a desire shared by all
bodybuilders and most men, especially those in their years of adolesence.
Though searches for the Iron Belt, and/or similar objects has led to
nothing, many are still seeking it, even if it means taking bodybuilding as
a lifestyle, than just sport and recreation. It is also the only
mythological object of modern times, not related to pop culture or religion.
tTRANSITIONING FROM THE WARRING TIME CYCLE TO THE GOLDEN AGE
The Kali-Yuga is the Age of Iron in the Hindu tradition. The Age of Gold
was the first one, which seems to be akin to the Garden of Eden.
Isaiah 54:6 speaks of a wife of youth cast off. Kali is sometimes
depicted with her head cut off, or with a garland of human heads. Kali matches
perfectly with the “harlot” or Revelation 17. This seems to represent the energy
in our divided, warring time cycle, which is a judgment or karma cycle. We are
nearing the end of the Kali-Yuga, We are going from the Age of Iron to the Age
of Gold. That is the Age to which we will Return when the Age of Kali Yuga is
over.
However, first we must finish it. It is not going to be easy.
This is what it has been like so far:
TAMASISK
- ANGER - FURY
There is no battle I couldn't survive,
feeling like this, feeling alive!
(To hear the
sounds click here)
Kali, represented in her destructive
aspect as Chamunda, detail from an
album painting.
Kangra, c. 18th century
|
(Original
Cast Recording of Jekyll and Hyde)
^
Don Juan Manuel. El Conde Lucanor.
Barcelona: Losada, 1997.
|
Chinnamasta, representing Devi in her destructive
and
creative aspects. She is flanked by her two yoginis, Dakini
and Varnini. Under her Rati and Kama, the female and male
principles, depict the transcendence of the phenomenal
world and the abolition of the experience of duality.
Rajasthan, c. 18th century.
|
WHO IS KALI?
One of the most terrifying aspects of Prakriti are violent
emotional expressions. Tantra's basic basic philosophy is based on a dualism,
and the terrifying image projects the negative aspect of the creative
life-force. In the creative aspect, Sakti appears as an enchantress. In her
negative aspect she is demystified and transformed. The image has a naked
intensity, so fierce that the incommunicable ceases to be a mystery. Kali, one
of the most important tantric Dasamahavidyas, in her negative aspect appears as
a conglomeration of terrifying elements. Kali is the symbol of the active cosmic
power of eternal time (Kala) and in this aspect she signifies annihilation:
through death or destruction creation, the seed of life, emerges. Just as the
destruction of the seed leads to the birth of the tree, so disintegration is a
normal and necessary step of nature moving towards further progress or
unfolding. Kali is the embodiment of creation, preservation, and annihilation.
She inspires awe and love at the same time. As a disintegrating tendency, Kali
is represented in black, so all names and forms disappear into her' (Mahanirvana
Tantra) The density of blackness is also identified with the massive, compact,
unmixed, Pure Consciousness. In Tantric hymns to the goddess Kali, she is
described as 'digambari' garbed in space - in her nakedness, she is free from
all covering of illusion. She is full-breasted, her motherhood a ceaseless
creation denoting preservation. Her disheveled hair, 'elokeshi', forms a curtain
of death which surrounds life with mystery. Her garland of fifty human heads,
each representing one of the fifty letters of the sanskrit alphabet, symbolizes
the repository of power and knowledge; the letters are nuclear sound-elements
symbolizing the power of mantras. She wears the 'girdle of human hand': hands
are the principal instruments of work and so they signify the action of karma or
accumulated deeds to be enjoyed in subsequent births, constantly reminding one
that ultimate freedom is conditioned by the fruits of one's action.
|
Kali, annihilation aspect of Sakti, standing on
Rati and Kama,
who personify the primordial desire which gives rise to all creation.
The garland of human heads symbolizes wisdom and power. Her
blood-red tongue signifies the power of Raja-guna, the kinetic force
which gives impetus to all activities. The sacrificial sword and the
severed head are the symbols of dissolution and annihilation directing
the Sadhaka to shed his 'ego sense'. The girdle of severed hands
signifies
one's Karma, action.
Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, c. 18th century.
|
Her three eyes govern the three forces of creation,
preservation, and destruction. Her white teeth, symbolic of Sattva, the
translucent intelligence stuff, suppress her lolling tongue which is red,
indicative of Rajas, a determinate level of existence leading downwards to
Tamas, inertia. Kali has four hands: one left hand holds a severed head,
indicating destruction and the other carries the sword of physical
extermination, with which she cuts the thread of bondage. Her two right hands
dispel fear and exhort to spiritual strength. She is the changeless, unlimited
primordial power (adyasakti) acting in the great drama awakening the
unmanifested Siva, a passive onlooker. Their inseparable union reflects
non-duality.
The image of a wrathful appearance can agitate the eye and
transport the spectator to a supernatural world. From an aesthetic point of view
they suggest a flight from reality and an awareness of a profoundly different
world: the poignant, restless and aggressive. These images unveil reality so
that it is stripped bare, and have the same mind-altering capability to induce
extra-ordinary experience which arouses intense inward states of rich spiritual
content. Their most characteristic feature is that of images which seem to have
sprung from anon-rational source but nevertheless have a rational basis within
defined limits.
For example, Chinnamasta, the beheaded goddess, holds her
severed head; apart from its symbolic meaning, the dismemberment of the body
ought not to be confused with actual distortion: the image is not dissociated
from its meaning, which underlies and generates the image; where dislocation
appears it is to heighten visual impact.
The terrifying aspects of these images are completely
dispelled in the tantric asana forms in both sculpture and painting. In art we
are confronted with an ecstasy of joy in all its plastic possibilities. These
united male and female figures are drawn together in creative force towards the
awakening of the inner spirit, new dynamic asana-forms. Filled with ecstatic
conviction, they are no longer torn between the contradiction of life and social
existence.
The interlocking figures represent the antinomic
principles; they are symbols of transcendent union, which do not in any way
convey the gross sexual intercourse depicted, which illustrates an earth-bound
level of existence.
Terrifying images arouse 'tamasisk' the quality allied to
the emotion of fury and awesomeness, diametrically opposed to these are silence
and compassion, associated with sattiva, the quality of purity.
THE KALI-YUGA
The four ages of the Hindu chronology contain a far more
philosophical idea than appears on the surface. It defines them according to
both the psychological or mental, and the physical stages of man during their
period. Krita-yuga, the golden age, the "age of joy," or spiritual innocence of
man; Treta-yuga, the age of silver, or that of fire- the period of supremacy of
man and of the giants and of the sons of God; Dwapara-yuga - the age of bronze -
a mixture already of purity and impurity (spirit and matter), the age of doubt;
and at lat our own, the Kali-yuga, or age of iron, of darkness, misery, and
sorrow. In this age, Vishnu had to incarnate himself in Krishna, in order to
save humanity from the goddess Kali, consort of Siva, the all-annihilating - the
goddess of death, destruction, and human misery. Kali is the best emblem to
represent the "fall of man"; the falling of spirit into the degradation of
matter, with all its terrific results. We have to rid ourselves of Kali before
we can ever reach Moksha or Nirvana, the abode of blessed Peace and Spirit.
With that in mind, remember that after the Kali-yuga, we
will again be entering into the next golden age of Krita-yuga.
The Hindu
Calendar
Brief
According to Helena Blavatsky in her book "Isis Unveiled"
on page 443 - Vol II, she states: The exoteric plan of the Bible was made to
answer also to four ages. Thus, they reckon the Golden Age from Adam to Abraham;
the silver, from Abraham to David; copper, from David to the Captivity;
thence-forward, the iron. but the secret computation is quite different, and
does not vary at all from the zodiacal calculations of the Brahmans. We are in
the Iron Age, or Kali-Yuga, but it began with Noah, the mythical ancestor of our
race.
Noah, or Nuah, like all the euhemerized manifestations of
the Un-revealed One - Svayambhuva (from Svayambhu) - was androgyne. Thus, in
some instances, he belonged to the purely feminine triad of the Chaldeans, known
as "nuah, the universal Mother." Every male triad had its feminine counterpart,
one in three, like the former. It was the passive complement of the active
principle, its reflection. In India, the male Trimurti is reproduce in the
Sakti-trimurti, the feminine; and in Chaldea, Ana, belita, and Davkina answered
to Anu, Bel, Nuah. The former three resumed in one - Belita, were called:
"Sovereign goddess, lady of the nether abyss, mother of
gods, queen of the earth, queen of fecundity."
As the primordial humidity, whence proceeded all, Belita is
Tiamat, or the sea, the mother of the city of Erech (the great Chaldean
necropolis), therefore an infernal goddess. In the world of stars and planets,
she is known as Ishtar or Astoreth. Hence, she is identical wtih Venus, and
every other Queen of Heaven, to whom cakes and buns were offered in sacrifice,
and , as all the archaeologists know, with Eve, the mother of all that live, and
with Mary.
Joe Mason states, "One of the ideas in my essay was that the harlot of
Rev. 17 has the same meaning as Kali in the eastern traditions. We are nearing
the end of the Kali-Yuga, the Age of Iron, and will return to the Age of Gold.
The four metals associated with the "frightening image" dream of Nebuchadnezzar
are the same in the Hindu chronology. Kali is thrown down at the end of the
cycle. Kali (the harlot) represents karma or judgment, and it is this "beast"
that is thrown down at the end of the cycle, as indicated by Rev. 17:11. It
seems to be the "Swallower" of the Egyptians, an "eighth that belongs to the
seven." The harlot symbolism seems to mean that we "pay" for the "fornication,"
meaning the duality bond in the time cycle. We "kings" of the earth give over
our "royal power" to the beast until the words of God are fulfilled. (Rev.
17:11) Kali wears a girdle of severed human hands. As the instruments of our
works, it indicates the karmic function. Kali invokes "tamasisk," emotions of
fury, which corresponds to being drunk on the wine of the harlot. The 12 stars
of Rev. 12, and the New Jerusalem fit with the idea of the Heart chakra level,
which has twelve petals on the lotus, with a Star of David inside.
Century X-74 says, "The year of the great seventh number accomplished,
it will appear at the time of the games of slaughter, not far from the age of
the great millennium, when the dead will come out of their graves." In 1993, two
individuals at the same work place told me that they had recurring dreams of
dead people in coffins, including their own fathers, speaking to them. Their
fathers are alive in real life. I believe the context of this is spelled out in
Revelation 3:1,2, ". ..you have the name of being alive, and you are dead.
Awake, and strengthen what remains and is on the point of death, . .
."
In Ezekiel 9:2, six men came from the north upper gate, with weapons for
"slaughter." With them was a seventh man, clothed in linen, with a writing case
at his side. The seventh man marks the foreheads of those who will not be slain.
This type of symbolism goes way, way back. The original meaning was a
purification process, after which one is pardoned. The Kali-Yuga is an age of
"death or destruction creation," and is equated to a seed growing into a plant.
The seed is destroyed in the process of the plant's growth.
It relates to the second remote viewer's perception "that there were
subspace and physical beings who were watching something big and vast in a
contented and pleased way. They were working to finish an important project. The
project was enjoyable, almost like playing."
The Lion in Century III-52 is also of much interest. I believe it is
related to "the kings of the earth" in Revelation. In the cycle ruled by the
"harlot," which I believe is related to Kali, the kings fornicate with the
harlot and become drunk on her wine. This seems to refer to anger. Kali is said
to evoke "tamasisk," meaning anger. When the New Jerusalem comes in Rev. 21, the
kings of the earth bring their glory into it. There is no longer a need of sun
and moon for light.
Rev. 3:11 says to "hold fast to what you have, so that no one may seize
your crown." In The Gospel of Thomas, saying 7, Jesus says, "Lucky is the lion
that the human will eat, so that the lion becomes human. And foul is the human
that the lion will eat, and the lion still will become human." The film, "The
Lion King," seems to carry symbolism about the cycle of time, and has a
correspondence with the Egyptian myths. "Scar" is the evil brother who slays the
father lion, which is similar to Typhon-Set killing his brother, Osiris.
According to Blavatsky, the story of Cain and Able was adopted from that story.
The scar on the eye of the evil lion may hint at the mark of Cain. The young
lion corresponds to Horus. He returns to the desolated kingdom and defeats the
evil uncle in the final battle. Then the rains come, greening the earth again.
The line in Century III-17, "When the monarch will chase his nephew," could
refer to Typhon-Set as the King in charge, and his nephew, Horus, the rightful
King. In "The Lion King," the young lion is chased away by Scar. The symbolism,
I believe, is saying something about our time cycle in a symbolic way, and new
ideas are coming in inspired stories, as well as dreams, and other ways.
The Hopi say that the Sacred Symbols will be newly understood, in the
time of purification. A "twin" departed long ago, who is called Pahana, which
translates into "white man." He is expected to return soon, carrying the cross
and the swastika, as the symbols of the feminine and masculine energies.
Interestingly, Quetzalcoatl was also a white man who departed by sea, promising
to return.
The swastika is also a symbol of Shiva and Kali, the Destroyer god and
goddess. About seven years ago, I saw a counterclockwise swastika in a dream.
Energy was flowing out from the center into the arms. A voice said, "These are
the forces going out from the center to experience negative manifested events,
in order to learn. It is generally square, and you circle counterclockwise." In
the following months, I learned that the swastika is a very ancient symbol.
It was said that when it is going clockwise, or east, it is a symbol of
good luck.
About two years ago, my friend, Paul, wrote to me, saying that he had
been having "twin theme" dreams. In one of them, he was at Twin Lakes in
Minnesota. I wrote back to him, telling of various twins in mythology. I
mentioned the Gemini Twins, Castor and Pollux, and how they were the protectors
of sailers and ships. I mentioned that St. Paul once sailed on a ship called the
Castor and Pollux. (Acts 28:11).
I recalled that Minnesota also has the Twins baseball team, and the Twin
Cities of Minneapolis AND ST. PAUL! It was very curious that the name St. Paul
came to me at that time. I looked up some names in the dictionary. The twin city
was named after Minnehaha Falls and the Greek word for "city." Minnehaha was the
girl Hiawatha married in Longfellow's, "Song of Hiawatha."
It all seemed to fit so well. The Twin Cities could symbolize the
Red-Man/White-Man mix, in the Great Change.
When I got online near the end of 1996, I did a search for Hopi legends.
I clicked on one of the links, and came to an article by David Yarrow. He tells
an amazing story that happened over a period of years. Almost everything seemed
related to material I had gathered. David and I started communicating via
e-mail, and later I called him on the telephone. We had a very long talk, and I
was amazed again. When I mentioned that some of his story involved the city of
Minneapolis, he immediately started telling me the same symbolic story I was
about to tell him.
He also said that the city was located above two great plates in the
earth that come together, and that Hiawatha was sent by the legendary
"Peacemaker" of the eastern tribes, as a messenger.
The story of Castor and Pollux, I think, has important symbolism. Pollux
was fathered by Zeus, while Castor was born to the same mother, a Queen, in the
normal way. Therefore, Pollux was immortal, and his brother was mortal. After
many adventures, Castor was killed in a battle.
Pollux prayed so fervently, that Zeus allowed him to share his
immortality with his brother. But, they would have to spend half of their time
in Heavenly Olympus, and the other half in Hades. In one of the myths, they go
back and forth together. In another they change places, so that they are
eternally separated, and never together.
Although I have never been a Christian, I have had many coincidences
with various parts of the Bible. It's too long to tell fully here, but one of my
dreams seemed to be related to the story of Judah and Tamar in Genesis 38. It's
a very strange tale, but to me, it contains important symbolism. Tamar was
married to Judah's oldest son, who was killed by "God." She married the second
son, and he was also killed. She was promised to the third son, but Judah
delayed the marriage. Tamar devised a plan. She dressed up as a harlot, and
propositioned the unsuspecting Judah into having sex for a price. From the union
was born a pair of twins, in a strange, breech birth. A hand came out of the
womb first. The midwife tied a red thread on the hand, and then the hand pulled
back into the womb. Then, the other child, the one without the thread, was born
first.
The first born son, Perez, is listed in the chronology in the first part
of Matthew. His descendants include Kings David and Solomon, and finally Joseph,
the father of Jesus. Some say God was the father, but I do believe that is
symbolic.
The "harlot" symbolism is very important here. In the battle of Jericho,
Joshua and his troops are helped by a harlot, who lived with her family in the
walls. In Revelation 17, the great harlot of Babylon is seated upon many waters,
which are peoples and nations, that is, everyone. Judah is related symbolically
to the lion, and to being the ruler, or king. (see Genesis 49:9,10). He stoops
down, couched as a lion, and as a lioness, i.e., like a sphinx. The scepter, the
ruler's staff, will not depart from between his feet, until he comes to whom it
belongs.
All of this, I do believe, is related symbolically to parts of
Revelation. In Revelation 17, the kings of the earth fornicate with the harlot,
and become drunk on her wine. They give over their "royal power" (king-ship) to
the beast, until the words of God are fulfilled. When The New Jerusalem comes,
the kings of the earth bring their glory into it. (Rev. 21:24).
The wine of the harlot is also the cup of staggering, and the fury of
God's wrath. Some seem to take this as meaning that God is angry with mankind. I
think not. It seems to mean we have been given this male/aggressive, negative
attribute to deal with and to overcome. In Revelation 12, it is said that
Michael and his angels were defeated in the war in heaven. The
dragon/serpent/Devil/Satan and his angels were thrown down to earth. The earth
came to help the woman with child, by swallowing the river which poured out of
the mouth of the dragon.
When I first read this about five years ago, I felt it was related to
one of my dreams. In the dream, I saw a crop formation that had appeared the
same week that Iraq (ancient Babylon) invaded Kuwait. It looked somewhat like a
swastika, but also like a bird, with a triangular tail. It reminded me of the
American eagle on our national seal, looking to the left, toward the arrows of
war. In my dream, energy was flowing down the triangular tail. A voice said,
"The garbage is discharged here on earth."
In early 1993, I had a string of amazing dream-coincidences. Part of it
involved a book called, "The Tantric Way." Kali, of the eastern religions, seems
to have the very same meaning as the harlot of Revelation 17. One of the
depictions is the book, shows the dark-skinned Kali seated upon a reclining,
copulating couple. The male is dark blue, wears a crown, and is on the bottom.
A white-skinned female is on top of him. This is similar to the kings of
the earth fornicating with the harlot, or a daughter of the harlot. Kali holds
scissors in her hand, which I believe symbolizes the cutting or dividing force,
i.e., like the "Babylon" symbolism.
From dreams, I had made the interpretation that the harlot also
represents karma or judgment. I believe we have more to learn about the meaning
of this. It seems to be more of a learning experience, than a reward/punishment
system. The "fornication" with the harlot or daughters of the harlot, seems to
represent a duality bond in the time cycle. The symbolism means we "pay" for the
"sex," meaning karma.
Kali wears a girdle of severed human hands. As the instruments of our
works, this indicates the karmic function. Kali evokes the feeling of
"tamasisk," which means fury. It seems to have the very same meaning as the wine
of the harlot. I found it interesting that tamasisk and Tamar are similar words.
Near the end of September 1993, I sent an essay about some of these
ideas to John Crowe, of the Cosminar organization in Sussex, England. Two weeks
later, the Bythorn Mandala crop formation appeared. It was VERY similar to a
yantra to Kali, depicted in "The Tantric Way."
The five-pointed star inside the pattern, had two points facing North.
According to Blavatsky, such a star, with two points, or horns, pointing upward,
is an esoteric symbol of the Kali-Yuga time cycle, also known as the Age of
Iron.
Getting back to the dog/wolf symbolism, I believe it can be related
symbolically to this fury/anger symbolism. In the time cycle, which I believe is
related to the lower three chakras, the negative side of the dog/wolf is the
condition. The change is a leap to the heart chakra level, and the "virgin
birth" of the spiritual man out to the animal man. This is the transmutation of
the warring attribute, sometimes symbolized by the white dog or wolf.
In my article about Revelation 11:11, I explained some of the symbolism
indicating humanity's leap to the heart chakra level of consciousness evolution.
There are many other things I could add, but this e-mail is starting to
become a book, so I'll just mention a few more things.
In the Babylonian myths, the father and mother gods produced a son, Bel
(Lord) Marduke, to do battle with the evil goddess. He blew an evil wind into
her mouth, to hold it open, then fired in an arrow, which killed her. From the
body of the evil goddess, he created the world. He brought order out of chaos.
Marduke also chased down the Storm Bird, Zu, who had stolen the tablets with the
fates of men, and retrieved them. This battle that began before the creation of
the world, seems to be related to our battle in the cycle of time. A "storm" can
also be symbolic of anger or fury.
Another pair of twins in the Bible are Esau and Jacob. Esau, who was
born first, was red and hairy. Jacob tricked Esau into giving up his inheritance
in a strange way, involving a bowl of red beans. Jacob fathered 12 sons, who are
related to the twelve tribes of Israel, and probably to the Zodiac signs.
According to Blavatsky, the story follows the symbolism of the Egyptian myth of
Osiris, who was killed by his brother, Typhon-Set (or Typhon-Seth). The story of
Cain and Able is also similar. In Egyptian beliefs, Typhon-Set, who was red in
color, represented the opponent force. It was more laughable than fearful or
evil. Blavatsky said that Typhon-Set became "Satan" to later religions, and that
the word came from "satin," which meant "opponent."
As I see it, our feminine aspect can be symbolized by the daughter of
the harlot in the time cycle.
In the Great Change, the aspect becomes the Holy Spirit. The Mother
Goddess is also shown symbolically to change, or be replaced. In Revelation, the
harlot is replaced by The Woman With Child in Revelation 12.
HERE IS SOME OF WHAT WE'VE BEEN THROUGH IN THE LAST 100 OR SO
YEARS
|
Sweden -
health |
consumption per person of refined sugar rose from 12 pounds
in 1880 to over 120 pounds per person in 1929. One out of six people
in Sweden has cancer. |
| 1898-1902 |
Spanish American War |
|
| 1899-1902 |
Philippine Insurrection |
|
| 9-08-1900 |
Galveston, Texas hurricane |
between 6,000 and 12,000 people - category 4 storm |
| 1900 |
India - heat -drought |
drought in India blamed for 250000 to 3 million
deaths. ... |
| 1900 |
Boxer Revolt
-Rebellion (China) |
In June 1900, the Boxers invaded
Beijing and killed 230 foreign diplomats and foreigners. Some
Chinese Christians were also killed, mostly in
Shandong and
Shanxi
Provinces as part of the uprising.
| Strength |
| 20,000 initially 49,000 total |
50,000–100,000 Boxers
70,000 Imperial troops |
| Casualties and losses |
2,500 soldiers,
526 foreigners and Chinese Christians |
"All" Boxers,
? Imperial troops |
| Civilians = 18,952+ |
|
| 1906 |
Japan health |
Refined sugar was introduced to Japan after the U.S. Civil
War, and the Japanese used it as a medicine. By 1906, 45,000 acres
of sugar cane were cultivated in Japan. As the Japanese consumed
more sugar, the onset of "western" diseases increased. |
| 4-18-1906 |
San Francisco, CA
earthquake - 7.7 |
The news reports 700 killed, but the death toll is estimated
to 4 times that many. The length of quake was remarkable -
|
| 12-30-1908 |
Messina, Italy
earthquake - 7.5 |
over 100,000 people killed in the quake and consuming fires
thereafter. The channel of Messina between Italy and Sicily was so
distorted by the quake that it was no longer recognisable. 70,000
people were killed in Messina alone. |
|
|
|
| 1909 |
Grande Isle, Louisiana hurricane |
category 4 - 350 deaths |
| 1911 |
Denmark - health |
consumption of sugar more than doubled to 82 pounds per
person, and the death rate from diabetes rose to 8 per 100,000.
|
| 4-14-1914 |
Tampico -
no deaths - only 9 or 10 soldiers participated on either side
Vera Cruz Incident in Mexico
|
| Strength |
United States
Total: 3,948
Landing force: 757 |
Mexico
N/A |
| Casualties and losses |
22 killed
70 wounded
92 total |
152–172 killed
195–250 wounded
347–422 total |
|
| 1914/1917 |
Mesopotamia/Iraq war campaign of Gr.Britain |
92,000/100,000 |
| 1915 |
New Orleans, Louisiana - hurricane |
category 4 - 275 deaths |
| 1915 |
Galveston, TX - hurricane |
category 4 - 275 deaths |
| 1916-1917 |
Mexican Punitive Expedition |
Gen. John J. Pershing went to Mexico in search of
"Pancho" Villa. 24 Americans 80 Mexicans died |
| 1917-1918 |
WW I |
Participants - 4,744,000 - Deaths in
Service- 116,000 |
| 1918 |
WW I health |
Other statistics in the United States show that the outbreak
of diabetes dropped sharply during World War I when sugar was
rationed (except it was not rationed to the soldiers who were doomed
anyway and the military incidence of diabetes went up). |
| 1919 |
Florida Keys, and South Texas - hurricane |
category 4 - 600 deaths - most on ships |
| 1919 |
Communist Revolution
Trotsky Did It |
These Christians are but a
few of the 100,000,000 Christian innocents who were exterminated by
All Anti-Christian Jewish Red Commissars in Russia under the orders
of Trotsky, the Jewish Commissar of Commissars.
See:
http://www.greatdreams.com/political/picnic.htm |
| July 27 to August 2, 1919 |
Race Riots
Chicago, IL
This wasn't the beginning and it won't be the
end |
38 - Tulsa, Ok - May 31, 1921 - almost 100, Detroit - 1943 -
20
1967 -
Newark, NJ - 28 - 1993 - India - they just went missing. 7 years
went by to have them declared dead - 12
April 4, 1998 - Washington, DC. - 13 - February 8, 2000 - Spain - 2
June 24, 2002 - Bulgaria - 2 -
Rwandan
genocide of 1994 - 500,000+
The Darfur
conflict - 2003 - 400,000+ |
| 9-1-1923 |
Yokohama, Japan earthquake of 8.3 |
Casualty estimates range from about 100,000 to 142,000
deaths, the latter figure including approximately 37,000 who went
missing and were presumed dead. According to the Japanese
construction company Kajima Kobori Research's report of September
2005, there were 105,000 confirmed deaths in the 1923 quake |
| 3-19-1925 |
Tri-state tornado |
A giant tornado, later known as the Tri-State Tornado,
crossed through Missouri, Illinois and Indiana during the
mid-afternoon today, killing hundreds and causing
massive destruction. Other states, including Tennessee and Kentucky,
were also devastated by the worst tornado outbreak on record. "From
every point come stories of terror incident to the storm," reported
The Sheboygan Press on March 19, 1925. "Children were killed
when school houses were wrecked. Trees and parts of wrecked
buildings were blown for miles." NOTE: The Tri-State Tornado killed
nearly 700 people and destroyed approximately 15,000 homes—it is
considered the deadliest tornado to ever strike the U.S.
|
| 1925 |
England - health |
deaths because of diabetes in 1925 were 112 per million
people. After the introduction of insulin shots in 1925, deaths rose
to 115 per million in 1926, and have continued to rise: 131 per
million in 1928, 142 per million in 1929, and 145 per million in
1931. |
| 1926 |
Miami hurricane |
With a highly transient population across southeastern Florida
during the 1920s, the death toll is uncertain since more than 800
people were missing in the aftermath of the cyclone. A Red Cross
report lists 373 deaths and 6,381 injuries as a result of the
hurricane.
|
| 1928 |
Lake Okeechobee,
Florida hurricane |
category 4 - 1836 deaths |
| 1930 |
China-Japan-Italy health |
In the 1930's researchers in the United States discovered
that Chinese and Japanese who take rice (natural, not polished)
as their principle food had very little diabetes. They also
noticed that Jews and Italians had a high incidence of diabetes,
as their sugar intake was correspondingly higher.
NOTE: Type 2 diabetes became known only after the invention
of High Fructose corn syrup which is almost every processed
food. Donald Rumsfeld had a hand in the invention of High
Fructose corn syrup and continues to make his fortune on the
backs of people with Type 2 diabetes
|
| 1934 |
Denmark - health |
sugar consumption rose to 113 pounds per person and the death
rate from diabetes rose to 18.9 per 100,000. It is interesting that
one out of five people in Denmark also have cancer. |
| 1935 |
Florida Keys
- hurricane |
category 5 - 408 deaths |
| 1938 |
New England hurricane |
category 3 - 600 deaths |
| 12-28-1938 |
Turkey
8.0 earthquake |
Earthquake - over 20,000 deaths - many of these people
froze to death in the 22 degree weather, after 800 had died in
previous quakes the same week. |
| 1940-1945 |
WWII |
Participants - 16,535,000 - Deaths in
Service - 406,000 |
| 12-7-1941 |
Pearl Harbor |
2,345 military and 57 civilians killed,
1,247 military and 35 civilians wounded
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor |
| 1942 |
The Blitz -
England |
by combined US and British bombers. In those raids, post-raid
estimates show that maybe 80% of housing was destroyed along with
upwards of 50,000 to 80,000 lives and untold injuries. |
| 1944 |
Northeast Coast - hurricane |
category 3 - 390 deaths |
| 1945 |
Hiroshima/Nagasaki |
Blowing in
the Wind The best estimate is 40,000 people died initially, with
60,000 more injured. By January 1946, the number of deaths probably
approached 70,000, with perhaps ultimately twice that number dead
total within five years. For those areas of Nagasaki affected by the
explosion, the death rate was comparable to that at Hiroshima.
A
Rip In The Space Time Continuum |
| 1945 |
WW II |
see chart at bottom of page by country |
| 1947 |
Texas Oil Explosion |
567 - there had been 167 serious accidents over a
20-year period involving out-of-control chemical reactions. The
accidents caused 108 deaths as well as hundreds of millions of
dollars in property damage. |
| June 25, 1950 - July 27, 1953. |
Korean War |
See chart at bottom of page by country |
| 1957 |
Audrey - hurricane |
category 4 - 390 deaths |
| 1959 - 1975 |
Vietnam War |
See chart at bottom of page |
| 4-17-1961 |
Bay of
Pigs- Cuba |
about 1,500 Cuban exiles landed in the Bahía
de Cochinos (Bay of Pigs) with the aim of ousting the Communist
regime of Fidel CASTRO. They had been trained in Guatemala by the
CIA, supplied with U.S. arms. Most were captured or killed by the
Cuban army. |
October
1964 |
Hurricane Hilda, Louisiana |
Almost a complete evacuation
of the entire Louisiana coast
accounted for the low death toll
of 38, most of which were caused
by tornadoes spawned by the
storm as it approached the
coast. One twister at Larose,
Louisiana killed 22 and injured
200 people.
|
| 3-28-1964 |
Alaska
Alaska
earthquake 9.2
|
100 + 600 feared
March 28, 1964 - A day after a magnitude 9.2
earthquake off the south-central coast of Alaska, 131 people are
dead, most of them killed by subsequent tsunamis. The quake lasted
about four minutes and was the second-largest ever recorded. (The
largest was in Chile in 1960 with a magnitude of 9.5.) Among those
who died in the Great Alaska Earthquake were 12 people in California
and four in Oregon, who were killed by tsunamis |
| 8-17-1969 |
Camille - hurricane |
255 |
| 5-4-1970 |
Kent State,
Ohio
massacre |
4 |
| 11-14-1970 |
Bhola Pakistan Cyclone |
500,000 est. Entire islands were wiped off the face of the
planet in this storm. |
| 11-18-1978 |
Jonestown, Guayana |
909 inhabitants of Jonestown, 276 of them children, died of
apparent cyanide poisoning, |
| 8-17-1983 |
Hurricane Alicia |
In 1983, Hurricane Alicia slammed into the
Texas coast, leaving 21 dead and causing more than a billion
dollars' worth of damage |
| 8-24-1992 |
Hurricane Andrew |
Andrew made landfall in
South Florida with winds of
over 150 miles per hour.
The storm killed 23
people and left behind
nearly $25 billion in
damages. It changed South
Florida's landscape and
spurred new building codes
|
|
| 1973-1994 |
cancer in
children
cancer in children |
There is reported a two to three fold increase in cancer
deaths among children living near high current power lines in
Denver, Colorado. Risks to children living near power lines have
been a public health concern since 1979 when a epidemiological study
linked exposure to electromagnetic fields (emfs) with childhood
cancer. (Particularly leukemia. The annual incidence rate for brain
tumors in children
up to age 14 rose from 2.4 per
100,000 in 1973-1974 to 3.3 in 1993-1994. For acute lymphoblastic
leukemia, the rate rose from 2.7
per 100,000 in 1973-1974 to a peak of 3.8 in
1989, |
| 02-1976 |
Guatemala |
23,000 |
| 5-18-1980 |
Mt.
St. Helens
Washington State |
The 1980 explosion. By the time the ash settled, 57 people
(including innkeeper
Harry Truman and geologist
David A. Johnston; a full list is available here: and thousands
of animals were dead. Hundreds of square miles were reduced to
wasteland, over a billion
U.S. dollars in damage had occurred ($2.74 billion in 2007
dollars[1]),
and the face of Mount St. Helens was scarred with a huge crater on
its north side. |
| 10-10-1980 |
Algeria earthquake |
Provisional figures issued by the United Nations said 2,590
killed. Registered up to 7.3 on the Richter scale. The earthquake
centred on the town of El Asnam and left 330,000 people homeless.
|
| 11-23-1980 |
Italy earthquake |
2,735 people killed and over 7,500 injured. 7.2 on Richter
scale. The epicenter was at Eboli but damage was reported over a
huge area to Naples. Over 1,500 people were reported missing.
|
| 6-11-1981 |
Iran earthquake |
1,027 people killed and over 800 injured. 6.8 on the Richter
scale. The town of Golbaf in Kerman province was destroyed.
|
| 12-13-1982 |
Yemen earthquake |
3,000 people killed and 2,000 people injured. 6 on the
Richter scale. The earthquake devastated Dhamar province southeast
of Sanaa. |
| 10-30-1983 |
Turkey earthquake |
About 1,300 people killed and 500 injured. Over 6
on the Richter scale. The earthquake struck around the city of
Erzurum. Over 35,000 people homeless.
|
| 1984 |
India |
1984 Anti-massacre. Indira Ghandi assassinated. 2733 reported
killed |
| 9-19-1985 |
Mexico earthquake |
Between 6,000 and 12,000 killed, with 40,000 people injured.
8.1 on Richter scale. The earthquake hit Mexico city and adjoining
region. |
| 1-1986 |
shuttle
explosion |
Challenger 7 astronauts |
| 10-10-1986 |
El Salvador earthquake |
1,500 people killed, 20,000 people injured. 7.5
on the Richter Scale. Left over 300,000 homeless.
|
| 3-5-1987 |
Ecuador earthquake |
Over 1,000 people killed and several thousand
missing. The epicenter of the quake was El Reventador, 50 miles east
of Quito.
|
| 12-7-1988 |
Soviet Union earthquake |
More than 25,000 killed, 18,000 injured. 6.9
Richter. Northwest Armenia. The town of Spitak almost totally
destroyed and Leninakan half-destroyed.
|
| 10-17-1989 |
Loma Prieta, CA - earthquake - 6.9 |
the length of this quake was 25 miles.
at 5:04:15 p.m. (PDT), a magnitude 6.9 earthquake
severely shook the San Francisco and Monterey Bay
regions. The epicenter was located near Loma Prieta peak
in the Santa Cruz Mountains, approximately 14 km (9 mi)
northeast of Santa Cruz and 96 km (60 mi)
south-southeast of San Francisco.
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/
|
| 6-21-1990 |
Iran earthquake |
35,000 dead, 100,000 injured, The worst recorded
disaster in Iran. Registering 7.7 on Richter scale, devastated
Caspian regions of Gilan and Zanjan. Some 500,000 were made
homeless.
|
| 7-16-1990 |
Philippines earthquake |
at least 2,000 killed, 3,500 injured. Richter
7.7, epicenter the city of Cabanatuan. About half the deaths were
around the tourist center of Baguio. An estimated 148,000 people
were displaced or made homeless.
|
unknown
dates |
Iraq
(Kurds) deaths by murder |
reported in 2001 - This is the deaths of hundreds of
thousands of people, perhaps many more, caused by decisions taken in
Whitehall and Washington because of oil. UNICEF's figure of half a
million child deaths |
| 1990/1991 |
Gulf War
Deaths
(This is the official count) |
73,846 - that does not
include all the military and their families who have died since then
from mysterious illnesses.
740,000 Iraqi deaths, and a thousand
burning oil wells
GOG-MAGOG |
| 2-1-1991 |
Pakistan/Afghanistan earthquakes |
Around 1,200 dead (Pakistan 200, Afghanistan 1,000), many
hundreds injured. 6.8 on Richter scale in Pakistan |
| 10-20-1991 |
India earthquake |
1,600 dead, at least 2,000 injured. Richter scale
6.1, close to Uttarkashi, 190 miles northeast of Delhi.
|
| 1992 |
Algiers - insurgency |
101,170 |
| 1992 |
Hurricane Andrew |
$26.5 billion of damage and 41 deaths |
| 12-12-1992 |
Indonesia earthquakes |
A string of islands in the province of East Nusa
Tenggara was hit by an earthquake measuring 6.8. At least 2,200
people were killed. 1,490 died in Maumere on the island of Flores,
which took the brunt of the quake. Another 700 were confirmed dead
on Babi island.
|
| 4-19-1993 |
Waco, TX - massacre |
86
also see:
http://www.greatdreams.com/wacovst.htm
http://www.greatdreams.com/waconews.htm
|
| 9-30-1993 |
India earthquake |
Up to 22,000 people were killed in 36 villages destroyed
after a series of powerful earthquakes which rocked western and
southern India. The first of the five tremors measured 6.4. |
| 6-6-1994 |
Colombia earthquake |
Some 1,000 people were killed in an earthquake
and mudslide disaster in the Paez River valley in southwestern
Colombia.
|
| 1-17-1995 |
Kobe, Japan earthquake |
6,500 were killed after a strong earthquake ripped through
central Japan. The earthquake, measuring 7.2 |
| 1995 |
Chicago, Illinois - heat |
600 + (Midwest - 300 + more) |
| 5-28-1995 |
Russia earthquake |
Russia's worst earthquake killed 1,989 people in the Far East
oil-producing town of Neftegorsk, on the north of the remote
Sakhalin Island. It measured 7.5 |
| 1996 |
WINTER BLIZZARD |
80 |
| July 17, 1996 |
Flight
800 - plane crash
New York City |
230 deaths |
| 3-23-1997 |
ufo
cult deaths |
The Heaven's Gate 39 deaths |
| 5-10-1997 |
Iran earthquake |
Up to 2,000 people were killed and thousands injured when an
earthquake measuring 7.1 rocked rural areas of eastern Iran. The
quake leveled 11 villages and inflicted heavy damage on the towns of
Qaen and Birjand |
| 1997/1998 |
Floods |
El Niño, or "the Christ child" because it is usually noticed
around Christmas, is a weather pattern occurring every two to seven
years. The last severe El Niño, in 1997 and 1998, caused more than
2,000 deaths and a worldwide damage bill of more than £20bn.
|
| 2-4-1998 |
Afghanistan earthquake |
At least 4,500 people were killed in an
earthquake in the Rustaq district of Takhar province. The quake
measured 6.1.
|
| 5-30-1998 |
Afghanistan earthquake |
A powerful earthquake hit northern Afghanistan
killing as many as 3,000 people and destroying 50 villages in Takhar
province.
|
| 1998 |
Texas - heat |
100 |
| 1998 |
East Africa |
The United States accuses bin Laden of masterminding two
attacks on its embassies in East Africa last year that resulted in
the deaths of 224 people, including 12 Americans. |
| 1998/2002 |
Coal
Mines |
an average annual loss of 5.6 percent in the number of US
coal miners during the 1990s (from 120,602 in 1991 to 71,522 in
2000), the total number of fatalities has increased: 29 deaths in
1998, 35 in 1999, 38 in 2000 and 42 last year. As of July 11, 17
miners had died in 2002. |
| 9-2-1998 |
FLIGHT 111 - PLANE CRASH - NOVA SCOTIA
NO SURVIVORS - 9-2-1998
|
229 |
| 1999 |
Sierra
Leone war |
75,000 Sierra Leoneans dead |
| 1-25-1999 |
Colombia - earthquake |
A quake measuring 6.2 killed at least 1,200 people |
| 8-17-1999 |
Ankara,
Turkey earthquake |
40,000 + |
| 8- 26 -1999 |
Kosovo War |
NATO: 2 non-combat deaths
KLA:
Active from 1982 - 1999 Unavailable statistics
(March 24 to June 11, 1999)
576 Albanian servicemen killed between 7,449 and 13,627 killed by
Serb forces
~600 Serb civilians killed by ethnic Albanian forces
~500 Yugoslav civilians killed by NATO (mainly
Serbs
|
| 9-2-1999 |
Hurricane
Dennis |
10 |
| 9-20-1999 |
earthquake
Taiwan |
2.300 |
| 10-2-1999 |
New Delhi, India |
Suspected guerrillas pushing villagers to boycott India's
elections set off a land mine Saturday,
killing five people and wounding three others in Assam state
on the eve of the last round of India's five-phase ballot, police
said. One local politician also was gunned down in the state, where
rebels have been fighting security forces for several years for more
autonomy. Police also shot and killed two
rebels in Assam, bringing the day's
death toll to eight in election-related violence. |
| 9-30-1999 |
OAXACA,
MEXICO |
7 |
| 10-14-1999 |
Hurricane
Irene |
2 |
| 10-31-1999 |
Egypt
Air plane crash |
http://www.greatdreams.com/bomb2.htm
http://www.greatdreams.com/plane90b.htm
217 deaths. There were 34 Egyptian generals on the plane.
|
| 2000 |
Weather related deaths |
see page:
http://www.greatdreams.com/weather.htm |
| 1-31-2000 |
California
- plane crash |
Flight 261 - 88 deaths |
| 3-27-2000 |
Death in
the womb |
1/2 of native children of this tribe which are conceived die
- why? |
| 6-23-2000
6-27-2000
6-28-2000
7-16-2000
7-25-2000
|
China Plane
Crash Deaths
Florida Aircraft collision
Laos Helicopter Crash
Japanese Military Plane Crash
Patna, India Plane Crash
Paris, France Plane Crash
|
51 Die - China
4 Die - Florida
15 die -Laos
A Japanese military plane carrying five Air Self-Defense Force
soldiers crashed into the sea Wednesday while on a test flight off
Japan's western coast, officials said.
Plane crashes in southern India, bodies reported pulled from
wreckage - An Alliance Airways plane with a reported 52 passengers
and six crew on board has crashed near Patna in eastern India.
Paris deaths - 109
|
| 2001 |
The
air You Breathe |
estimated 3 million people die each year because of air
pollution. In Asia, such exposure accounts for between half and one
million excess deaths every year. In sub-Saharan Africa the estimate
is 300,000-500,000 excess deaths. |
2001-2008
ongoing |
Afghanistan War |
24,000+ killed since 2001[citation
needed]
Detainees: 28,000+ |
(July 2008)
Afghan security forces: 3,100 killed
Northern Alliance:
200 killed
Coalition:
825 killed
(US:488, UK: 111, Canada:88, Others: 138
2,495+ wounded (US 2,256, Canada 275, UK 140, Germany
70, Other 80+
[13])
Contractors:
83
KIA
2,428
WIA
|
|
Civilian casualties: ~20,000 |
|
| 2001 |
World
earthquakes |
21,357 |
| 2001 |
lung
cancer -
bad water |
Death rate extrapolations for USA for Lung cancer:
160,439 per year, 13,369 per month, 3,085 per week, 439 per day, 18
per hour
In developed countries, water causes less
than 1 per cent of deaths. In developing
countries, the toll leaps to an average 8 per
cent - with the extreme case being Angola, at 24
per cent.
An unsafe water supply is
to blame for 22 per cent of
illnesses in those under 14
years of age, and one
quarter of young deaths.
|
| 2001-2006 |
Dolphins and Whales |
thousands |
| 2001/2002 |
Winter
Deaths |
1263 |
| 2001/2002 |
Winter
Deaths - more |
1134 |
| 2001/2002 |
Hurricane Season |
37 ( I wasn't very diligent with that record) |
| 1-26-2001 |
India -
earthquake |
100,000 KILLED IN EARTHQUAKE IN
INDIA, 30,000 BODIES FOUND SO FAR- AS
OF 2-3-01 - SOME VILLAGES NOT EVEN
INVESTIGATED 2-15-01 |
|
|
|
| 2-21-2001 |
San
Salvador |
300+ |
| 8-11-2001 |
Pakistan
revolt |
30,000 to 80,000 |
| 9-11-2001 |
New York Trade
Center |
Actual final death total is 2645]
[Estimated total of deaths and injured is 3400]
Rescue workers are still dying from the fallout |
| 10-03-01 |
Greyhound
Bus Crash Tennessee |
6 |
| 2002/2005 |
Drought |
2204 |
| 2002 |
Floods |
China - 7 deaths - (3500 in Chinese mines) Moscow - 44 deaths
- Asia - 580 deaths - Bangladesh - 151 deaths - Nepal - 316 deaths
|
| 2002 |
Children in war |
More than 2 million children have died as a
direct result of armed conflict over the last
decade.
More than three times that number, at least 6
million children, have been permanently disabled or
seriously injured.
More than 1 million have been orphaned or separated
from their families.
Between 8,000 and 10,000 children are killed or
maimed by landmines every year.
An estimated 300,000 child soldiers - boys and
girls under the age of 18 - are involved in more
than 30 conflicts worldwide. Child soldiers are used
as combatants, messengers, porters, cooks and to
provide sexual services. Some are forcibly recruited
or abducted, others are driven to join by poverty,
abuse and discrimination, or to seek revenge for
violence enacted against themselves and their
families.
|
| 6-22-2002 |
Iran- earthquake |
500 |
| 2003 |
Global
Warming? |
heat related, 2000 just in London alone. France
14,802 |
| 1-2-2003 |
Colima,
Mexico Earthquake |
29 |
| 2002/2003 |
Winter
storms |
est. 48 |
| 2003 |
California Fires |
San Diego is particularly haunted by wildfires. The worst one
in state history burned nearly 750,000 acres in 2003, destroyed
3,600 homes and other buildings, and killed 24 people across
Southern California, with much of the damage and more than a dozen
of the deaths in San Diego County. |
| 02-24-03 |
China |
257 |
| 2-1-2003 |
shuttle
explosion |
7
also see:
http://www.greatdreams.com/shuttle-STS107.htm
|
| 05-01-03 |
Turkey |
150 |
| 05-21-03 |
Algeria |
2,200+ |
| 08-16-03 |
Northern China |
2 |
| 09 - 6 thru 20 - 2003 |
Isabel - hurricane |
51 |
| 09-25-93 |
Hokkaido,
Japan earthquake |
1 |
| 10-05-2003 |
electrical
blackout |
8 |
| 12-02-03 |
Los Angeles,
CA |
2 |
| 12-26-03 |
Southeastern, Iran |
43,000 + |
| 2004 - |
In
the world (due to weather) |
1533 |
| 2004 |
Tornadoes |
300+ |
| 2004/2005 |
Winter |
78 |
| 2-24-04 |
Morocco earthquake |
564 |
| 5-31-04 |
Haiti Floods |
2000 + |
| 7-2-04 |
Turkey |
18 |
|
|
|
| 8-13-04 |
Hurricane Charley |
20 |
| 8-26-04 |
Hurricane Frances |
3 |
| 8-30-04 |
Bihar floods |
|
| 9- 01- 2004 |
Russia - terrorism |
335 children |
| 9-4 thru 23-04 |
HURRICANE IVAN -gulf Coast |
DEATH TOLL - 76 +
|
|
|
|
| 9-22-04 |
Hurricane Jeanne |
1206 |
| 12-26-2004 |
Sri Lanka - BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA
The earthquake |
Disaster Toll 300,000 + 1900 Americans Missing
Estimates are 400,000 died and the bodies will not be recovered
|
| 2005 |
Hurricane season - page 5 |
includes
Page 1
Katrina -
Page 3
Page 4
Page 6 2000 +
HURRICANE KATRINA: Category 5 Hurricane
Formed: Tuesday, August 23, 2005
Dissipated: Tuesday, August 30, 2005
Highest winds: 175 mph (280 km/h) (1-minute sustained)
Fatalities 1,836 confirmed, 705 missing
Damage $81.2 billion (2005 USD)
Areas affected: Bahamas, South Florida, Cuba, Louisiana
(especially Greater New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama,
Florida Panhandle, most of eastern North America |
| 2005 |
Weather manipulation |
The number can't be counted as it is covered up by events
themselves |
| 2005 |
Plane crashes |
These are the deaths - there were many more crashes:
8-6-05 - TUNISAIR flight - 39 passengers and crew
8-14-05 - CYPRIOT Airliner 121 People Crashes in Greece
All passengers froze to death before crashing
8-15-05 -VENEZUELA -z West Caribbean Airways 160 dead
8-23-05 - PERU 40 dead
10-6-05 - CANADA crashed with flu virus on board
12-6-05 - IRAN - 128 killed
12-7-05 - CHICAGO, IL Plane lands on car - kills a 6 year old child
12-11-05 - NIGERIA 107 dead - mostly children
12-19-05 - MIAMI, FLORIDA 20 dead
Greece's 2005 plane crash goes to Greek Cyprus court
Three people appeared in a Greek Cyprus court charged with
involvement in a 2005 plane crash which killed 121 people in
Greece's worst air disasters on record.
Thursday, 26 February 2009 19:50. Three people appeared in a Greek
Cyprus court on Thursday charged with involvement in a 2005 plane
crash which killed 121 people in Greece's worst and most perplexing
air disasters on record.
|
| 2-25-05 |
Sarbagh, Iran -earthquake |
400 + |
| 7-7-05 |
London Bombing |
55 |
| 7-13-05 |
CANCER |
10,000 per week |
| 9-21-05 |
Rita -
hurricane |
125 |
|
|
|
| 10-08-05 |
Pakistan earthquake |
over 100,000 |
| 11-25-05 |
Southeastern China |
15 |
| 11-27-05 |
Iran earthquake |
10 |
| 2006 |
TORNADOS
There were over 400 tornadoes by 4-6-2006 |
67 |
| 2006 |
Martinique - plane crash |
152 |
| 2006 |
Bangladesh storm |
621 |
| 2006 |
Hurricane season |
5-14-06 - 37 people killed in the Philippines,
5-20-06 - 90 killed in Asia,
5-22-06 - 37 killed in Vietnam, 7-21-06 - over 500 killed in China
8-27-06 - 1 killed in Cuba, 9-27-06 - 100+ killed in the Philippines
10-2-06 - 15 killed in Vietnam, 12-2-06 - 1000 killed in the
Philippines
12-10-06 - 3 killed in the Philippines
|
| 5-27-06 |
Jakarta, Indonesia earthquake |
4000+ killed in Jakarta, Indonesia quake - over 200,000
homeless |
| 7-18-06 |
Java earthquake |
86 |
| 10-27-06 |
Death
by needles
This is annually
|
| Tobacco |
435,000 |
| Poor Diet and Physical
Inactivity |
365,000 |
| Alcohol |
85,000 |
| Microbial Agents
|
75,000 |
| Toxic Agents
|
55,000 |
| Motor Vehicle Crashes
|
26,347 |
| Adverse Reactions to
Prescription Drugs |
32,000 |
| Suicide |
30,622 |
| Incidents Involving
Firearms |
29,000 |
| Homicide
|
20,308 |
| Sexual Behaviors
|
20,000 |
| All Illicit Drug Use,
Direct and Indirect |
17,000 |
| Non-Steroidal
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Such As Aspirin |
7,600 |
| Marijuana
|
0 |
|
| 12-26-06 |
Sumatra /
Sri Lanka earthquake -
tsunami |
300,000 + |
| 2006/2007 |
Weather extremes |
Kiev - 53 deaths, Ukraine - 130 deaths, Russia, 100 +
deaths in Moscow alone, Poland - 53 persons died, Philippines - 1500
to 2500 in mudslide, Kansas - 4, Missouri - 3, skiing accidents 39,
Texas fires - 11, Northeast 4 in floods, Pennsylvania - 50 in flood,
South Asia - 500 dead, |
| 2006/2007 |
tsunamis
|
179 |
| 1990/2007 |
Mine
deaths |
annual loss of 5.6 percent of US coal miners during the 1990s
(from 120,602 in 1991 to 71,522 in 2000), the total number of
fatalities has increased over the past several years: 29 deaths in
1998, 35 in 1999, 38 in 2000 and 42 last year. 42 - 2001- July 11,
17 miners had died in 2002. 200 deaths from mine dust - 2006
134 in china - 2007 - 4,700+ workers were killed in 2006, though the
real death toll is more likely 20,000 annually, with many accidents
covered up. |
| 2-4-07 |
Jakarta
Flood |
20 floods related to global warming due to rising seawaters |
| 6-13-07 |
Guatemala |
0 (See 1976) |
| 7-16-07 |
Japan - earthquake |
10 - thousands injured |
| 8-1-07 |
Bridge Collapse |
13 |
| 8-15-07 |
Lima, Peru - earthquake |
450 |
| Aug. 2007 |
Mine
deaths |
23 in 2007 -172 in China |
| 11-14-07 |
Chili earthquake |
2 |
| 2006/2007 |
Drought |
160 |
| 2007 |
Hurricane Season |
677 |
| 2007/2008 |
FLOODS |
ongoing 2154 so far |
| 2007 |
Tornadoes |
104 |
| 2007 |
Fires |
1 - Other years have been devastating all over the state |
| 2007 |
Car accidents |
highway crashes kill 41000 + |
| 2008 |
Tornadoes |
206 in U.S. - official statistics
http://www.spc.noaa.gov/climo/torn/monthlytornstats.html
|
| 2008 |
Hurricanes |
Myanmar 120,000 +
This year, 461 people are known to have died in Atlantic
storms, mostly due to floods and mudslides:, but Haiti alone
reported over 500 bodies found after the hurricanes were over on
that island alone
|
| 4-24-08 |
Darfur, Africa |
Darfur deaths ‘could be 300000′ BBC NEWS. An
estimated 300000 people may have died as a result of the
Darfur conflict, |
| 5-12-08 |
|
80,000 + |
| 7-21-08 |
Ship accident deaths |
1310 in 3 yrs of recording |
| 8-11-08 |
Georgia, USSR |
war with Russia - 100 to 2,000 dead |
8-23-08 -
9-3-08 |
Hurricane Gustav |
82 dead in Haiti and other islands |
| 8-27-08 |
China explosion |
|
| 8-31-08 |
China earthquake 6.1 |
32 dead - 250,460 homes destroyed |
| 11-26-08 |
Mumbai, India |
Attack by Pakistan militants - At Least
187 Dead in Mumbai (Bombay) India - 30 bodies found at the Oboroi
hotel on second day Terror Attacks Over 327 injured
over 200 hostages held - all released by the end |
| 12-05-08 |
India |
174 people murdered on train stations, etc. by terrorists |
| ongoing |
SARS -
worldwide |
478 - none in the U.S. |
| 12-30-08 |
worldwide deaths |
Notable
deaths listed for 2008 - not all natural deaths |
| 6-2-09 |
Atlantic Ocean Plane Crash |
Air France Flight 447 crashed due to a terrible storm over
the Atlantic Ocean. 228 people died upon impact. Few bodies found
See:
http://www.greatdreams.com/planes/2009/plane-crashes-2009.htm |
| 2009 |
DEATHS |
10,416 natural disaster-related deaths, according to the
ISDR, with most resulting from a 7.6 magnitude earthquake in
Sumatra, Indonesia on Sept. 30.Indonenesia
http://www.greatdreams.com/indonesia-quake-9-30-09.htm
Samoa: ssite:greatdreams.com earthquake 2009
Italy
http://www.greatdreams.com/italy-quake-2009.htm
|
| 2010 |
DISASTERS |
haiti earthquake
http://www.greatdreams.com/haiti/haiti-quake-1-12-10.htm over
100,000 deaths
- Chile earthquake: The 8.8 temblor was the fifth largest on
record, and moved the city of Concepción
at least 10 feet (3 meters) to the west. The quake killed
500 to 800 individuals, with numbers still coming in, according
to news reports. Total recovery costs could exceed $15 billion,
news reports say.
- http://www.greatdreams.com/chili-quake-2-27-10.htm
- Turkey earthquake: The 6.0 earthquake hit eastern Turkey on
Monday and kill approximately 41 people, according to the AP.
- China snowstorm: A series of snowstorms and freezing weather
has hit China's western region of Xinjiang since Dec. The storms
have affected millions and resulted in 30 deaths, the AP
reported this month.
- Washington, D.C., snowstorm: The blizzard that blanketed the
northeastern United States last month with record snowfalls left
thousands without power, caused hundreds of accidents and
resulted in at least 2 fatalities, according to news reports.
For D.C. alone, the price tag is estimated to be $41 million.
|
| 2919 |
DEATHS |
The
Haiti earthquake is responsible for the majority of the 2010
disaster death toll. With at least 220,000 deaths out of a
population of around just 9 million, the number of fatalities almost
matched those experienced during the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami,
which struck a far larger population |
| 2011 |
DEATHS |
japan 7000 to 10000 deaths
http://www.greatdreams.com/haiti/haiti-quake-1-12-10.htm
|
| each year |
|
Each year in the U.S., about
710,760 people die from heart disease,
553,251 from cancer,
429,762 from smoking-related illnesses,
167,661 of stroke,
71,252 due to diabetes,
63,548 from pneumonia,
43,354 in automobile accidents,
29,350 commit suicide,
16,765 are murdered,
14,478 die from HIV/AIDS,
5,357 due to viral hepatitis,
5,000 from food poisoning,
3,582 from rheumatic fever, and
1,765 from influenza. |
| ongoing |
starving children |
http://crooksandliars.com/cernig/right-food
By a vote of 180 in favour to 1 against (United States) and no
abstentions, the Committee also approved a resolution on the right
to food, by which the Assembly would "consider it intolerable" that
more than 6 million children still died every year from
hunger-related illness before their fifth birthday, and that the
number of undernourished people had grown to about 923 million
worldwide, at the same time that the planet could produce enough
food to feed 12 billion people, or twice the world's present
population.
The Bush administration, speaking for the U.S.A., therefore must
consider it tolerable that 6 million children die every day -
children
who could be fed if we weren't wasting billions on stealth fighters,
littoral combat boondoggles and non-effective defense against
non-existant ballistic missiles from Iran.
|
| ongoing |
homeless people
United States |
average 42-150 per city per year -most from alcoholism |
| ongoing |
war
United States |
|
Total
Participants 41,790,000
Deaths in Service
- 1,090,2000
|
Iraq:
Reported Deaths:
4217
Confirmed Deaths:
4215
Pending Confirmation:
2
http://icasualties.org/oif/
Afghanistan War Deaths
Friday, November 14, 2008;
Total number of
U.S. military deaths and names of the
U.S. troops killed recently in the
Afghanistan war, as announced by
the Pentagon:
| 622 |
In hostile actions: |
In non-hostile actions: |
| Fatalities |
407 |
215 |
|
| ongoing |
future war - frequency deaths |
http://www.greatdreams.com/antenna.htm
ELF-EMF , brain cancer, etc.
|
| ongoing |
oil pipelines |
more than reported see the list of explosions at:
http://www.greatdreams.com/gasoline-economy.htm
There were so many pipeline explosions - they
stopped counting |
| ongoing |
Mexican border crossings |
4500 the death toll along the border
since 1994 - 1954 people died in 2001 - 2004 - 460 - 2005 - 500+
2006 - 770
Statistics |
| ongoing |
Israel deaths
12-27-08 |
At least 280 dead and 465 wounded in Israeli rocket attacks
on Gaza City; India and Pakistan stand off could lead to war;
|
| future |
War with Iran
NUCLEAR
WEAPONS |
??????? millions
See special box following casualties - about Revelation
warnings - end of page.
Rev. 9:13-21
http://www.greatdreams.com/war/weapons_of_war.htm
|
|
|
|
|
|
KOREAN WAR
| Casualties and losses |
South Korea:
58,127 combat deaths
175,743 wounded
80,000 MIA or POW[6]
United States:
36,516 dead (including 2,830 non-combat)
92,134 wounded
8,176 MIA
7,245 POW[7]
United Kingdom:
1,109 dead[8]
2,674 wounded
1,060 MIA or POW[9]
Turkey:
721 dead[10]
2,111 wounded
168 MIA
216 POW
Canada
516 dead[11]
1,042 wounded
Australia
339 dead[12]
1,200 wounded
France:
300 KIA or MIA[13]
Philippines:
112 KIA[3]
South Africa
28 KIA and 8 MIA[14]
Total: Over 474,000
|
North Korea:
215,000 dead,
303,000 wounded,
120,000 MIA or POW[9]
China
(Chinese estimate):
114,000 killed in combat
34,000 non-combat deaths
380,000 wounded
21,400 POW[15]
(U.S. estimate):[9]
400,000+ dead
486,000 wounded
21,000 POW
Soviet Union:
315 dead
Total: 1,190,000-1,577,000+
|
| Civilians killed/wounded (total Koreans)
= Millions |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War
|
| Human Losses of World War Two by Country
|
| Country |
Population 1939 |
Military deaths |
Civilian deaths |
Jewish Holocaust deaths |
Total deaths |
|
Albania |
1,073,000 |
28,000 |
|
200 |
28,200 |
|
Australia |
6,998,000 |
39,400 |
700 |
|
40,100 |
|
Austria |
6,653,000 |
|
40,500 |
65,000 |
105,500 |
|
Belgium |
8,387,000 |
12,100 |
49,600 |
24,400 |
86,100 |
|
Brazil |
40,289,000 |
1,000 |
1,000 |
|
2,000 |
|
Bulgaria |
6,458,000 |
22,000 |
3,000 |
|
25,000 |
|
Burma |
16,119,000 |
22,000 |
250,000 |
|
272,000 |
|
Canada |
11,267,000 |
45,300 |
|
|
45,300 |
|
Republic of China |
517,568,000 |
3,800,000 |
16,200,000 |
|
20,000,000 |
|
Cuba |
4,235,000 |
|
100 |
|
100 |
|
Czechoslovakia |
15,300,000 |
25,000 |
43,000 |
277,000 |
345,000 |
|
Denmark |
3,795,000 |
2,100 |
1,000 |
100 |
3,200 |
|
Estonia |
1,134,000 |
|
40,000 |
1,000 |
41,000 |
|
Ethiopia |
17,700,000 |
5,000 |
95,000 |
|
100,000 |
|
Finland |
3,700,000 |
95,000 |
2,000 |
|
97,000 |
|
France |
41,700,000 |
217,600 |
267,000 |
83,000 |
567,600 |
|
French Indochina |
24,600,000 |
|
1,000,000 |
|
1,000,000 |
|
Nazi Germany |
69,623,000 |
5,533,000 |
1,600,000 |
160,000 |
7,293,000 |
|
Greece |
7,222,000 |
20,000 |
220,000 |
71,300 |
311,300 |
|
Hungary |
9,129,000 |
300,000 |
80,000 |
200,000 |
580,000 |
|
Iceland |
119,000 |
|
200 |
|
200 |
|
British Raj |
378,000,000 |
87,000 |
1,500,000 |
|
1,587,000 |
|
Dutch East Indies |
69,435,000 |
|
4,000,000 |
|
4,000,000 |
|
Iran |
14,340,000 |
200 |
|
|
200 |
|
Iraq |
3,698,000 |
1,000 |
|
|
1,000 |
|
Ireland |
2,960,000 |
|
200 |
|
200 |
|
Italy |
44,394,000 |
301,400 |
145,100 |
8,000 |
454,500 |
|
Japan |
71,380,000 |
2,120,000 |
580,000 |
|
2,700,000 |
|
Korea |
23,400,000 |
|
378,000 |
|
378,000 |
|
Latvia |
1,995,000 |
|
147,000 |
80,000 |
227,000 |
|
Lithuania |
2,575,000 |
|
212,000 |
141,000 |
353,000 |
|
Luxembourg |
295,000 |
|
1,300 |
700 |
2,000 |
|
Malaya |
4,391,000 |
|
100,000 |
|
100,000 |
|
Malta |
269,000 |
|
1,500 |
|
1,500 |
|
Mexico |
19,320,000 |
|
100 |
|
100 |
|
Mongolia |
819,000 |
300 |
|
|
300 |
|
Netherlands |
8,729,000 |
15,800 |
109,300 |
106,000 |
231,100 |
|
Newfoundland |
300,000 |
1,000 |
100 |
|
1,100 |
|
New Zealand |
1,629,000 |
11,900 |
|
|
11,900 |
|
Norway |
2,945,000 |
3,000 |
5,800 |
700 |
9,500 |
|
Philippines |
16,000,000 |
57,000 |
90,000 |
|
147,000 |
|
Micronesia |
1,900,000 |
|
57,000 |
|
57,000 |
|
Poland |
34,849,000 |
240,000 |
2,360,000 |
3,000,000 |
5,600,000 |
|
Portuguese Timor |
500,000 |
|
55,000 |
|
55,000 |
|
Romania |
19,934,000 |
300,000 |
64,000 |
469,000 |
833,000 |
|
Singapore |
728,000 |
|
50,000 |
|
50,000 |
|
South Africa |
10,160,000 |
11,900 |
|
|
11,900 |
|
Soviet Union |
168,500,000 |
10,700,000 |
11,400,000 |
1,000,000 |
23,100,000 |
|
Spain |
25,637,000 |
4,500 |
|
|
4,500 |
|
Sweden |
6,341,000 |
200 |
2,000 |
|
2,200 |
|
Switzerland |
4,210,000 |
|
100 |
|
100 |
|
Thailand |
15,023,000 |
5,600 |
300 |
|
5,900 |
|
United Kingdom |
47,760,000 |
382,600 |
67,800 |
|
450,400 |
|
United States |
131,028,000 |
416,800 |
1,700 |
|
418,500 |
|
Yugoslavia |
15,400,000 |
446,000 |
514,000 |
67,000 |
1,027,000 |
| Totals |
1,961,913,000 |
25,273,700 |
41,735,400 |
5,754,400 |
72,763,500 |
|
CHART IS WW ii DEATHS BY COUNTY - ABOVE
VIETNAM WAR DEATHS
According to the Vietnamese government,
1,100,000
North Vietnamese Army and
National Front for the Liberation of Vietnam
military personnel died in the conflict.
(Technically, some of these dead were South
Vietnamese members of the NLF, but it would be
impossible to separate their constituency from
the total.) Estimates of civilian deaths caused
by American bombing in
Operation Rolling Thunder range from 52,000
to 182,000. Complete statistics for
the 1972 bombings are unavailable. Overall
figures for North Vietnamese civilian dead range
from 50,000 to "hundreds of thousands."
Incidents
involving civilians
The Christmas bombing of Hanoi and
Haiphong killed 1,300 to 1,600 civilians.
The Army of the Republic of Vietnam
ARVN lost approximately 184,000 servicemen
during the war,
with some estimates as high as a
quarter of a million. Because it was the country
most devastated by the war, South Vietnam
suffered the bulk of the estimated 500,000 to
2,000,000 civilian deaths sustained by the
entire Vietnamese population during the
conflict; out of a possible median of 1,200,000
dead for the whole country,[11]
considering the above figures for North
Vietnamese losses, in South Vietnam itself about
one million civilians likely died.
South Vietnamese military deaths
| Year |
Regular |
RF/PF |
Para |
Total |
| 1966 |
4,418 |
7,535 |
- |
11,953 |
| 1967 |
6,110 |
6,606 |
- |
12,716 |
| 1968 |
12,930 |
11,393 |
3,592 |
27,915 |
| 1969 |
8,652 |
10,286 |
2,895 |
21,833 |
| 1970 |
9,647 |
11,738 |
1,961 |
23,346 |
| 1971 |
8,864 |
13,118 |
756 |
22,738 |
| 1972 |
38,697 |
890 |
39,587 |
RF/PF=Regional Force/Popular Force
militia, Para=paramilitary forces
Massacres,
terrorism, and related incidents
347 to 504 Vietnam civilians were murdered
by US soldiers on 16th March, 1968, in the
My Lai area of South Vietnam.
2800 to 6000 civilians were executed by
the National Liberation Front in the city of Hue
during the Tet Offensive.
At least 5,000 civilians were killed by
the American military in
Operation Speedy Express.
155,000 civilians disappeared on the way
to Tuy-Hoa while fleeing a North Vietnamese
offensive in 1975.
Casualites as of November 7 2001:
- 58,209
KIA and other dead[14]
- 303,635
WIA (including 153,303 who required
hospitalization and 150,332 who didn't)[15]
- 1,948
MIA[16]
| Country |
Branch of service |
Number served |
Killed |
Wounded |
Missing |
|
USA[2] |
Army |
4,368,000 |
38,218 |
96,802 |
617 {A} |
|
Marines |
794,000 |
14,840 |
51,392 |
242{B} |
|
Navy |
1,842,000 |
2,565 |
4,178 |
401{C} |
|
Air Force |
1,740,000 |
2,587 |
1,021 |
649 {D} |
|
Coast Guard |
|
7 |
59 |
0 {E} |
|
Civilians |
|
|
|
38 {F} |
|
Total |
8,744,000 |
58,217 |
153,452 |
1,947 |
Note: Footnote # 1 gives breakdown of
Casualty by Branch of service as follows:
Army-38,209; Marines-14,838; Navy-2,555; Air
Force-2,584; Coast Guard-7. Total:58,193. As of
12/1998
Note: PMSA {Personnel Missing Southeast ASia}
website lists 1159 at
[3] broken down as:
- A)Note: reports 441 are to be
accounted for
- B)Note: reports 185 are to be
accounted for
- C)Note: reports 313 are to be
accounted for
- D)Note: reports 185 are to be
accounted for
- E)Note: 1 MIA C.G. remains found 2002
and Identifed 2005. C.G. casualty total can
be found at
[4].
- F)Note: reports 35 to be accounted
for.
Note: as of July 4, 2008 the following
[17] gives the
following report of 2,646 missing and 889
repartriated/identifed for the Vietnam conflict:
- Vietnam: orginal missing-1,978 of
whom 630 are repartriated/identifed and
1,348 missing {Note:611 missing are reported
as not recoverable}
- Laos: orginal missing-573 of whom 227
are repartriated/identifed and 346 missing
- Cambodia: orginal missing-85 of whom
29 are repartiated/identifed and 29 missing
- China: orginal missing-10 of whom 3
are repartiated/idenfifed and 7 are missing
| Country |
Year of Death |
Number Killed |
|
USA |
|
1956-1964 |
401 |
|
1965 |
1,863 |
|
1966 |
6,143 |
|
1967 |
11,153 |
|
1968 |
16,592 |
|
1969 |
11,616 |
|
1970 |
6,081 |
|
1971 |
2,357 |
|
1972 |
641 |
|
1973 |
168 |
|
1974-1998 |
1178 |
First and last US
Casualties
- {First casualties-1945; 1954; 1956,
1957; 1959}:
- {Last casualties-1975}:
Prisoners of War
- First POW seized
- Last POW seized
- Longest held POW
- 8 years, 355 days -
Floyd James Thompson was captured on
March 26,
1964 and released
March 16,
1973. Spent 10 days short of 9 years
as a POW, he is the longest held POW of
the Vietnam war and longest held POW in
the United States history.
- Second Longest held POW
South Korea
North Korea
According to Chinese soldiers stationed in
Vietnam manning the anti-aircraft artillery
next to that of the North Korean, several dozen
North Korean anti-aircraft artillery crews were
killed by American bombing.
China
1,446 KIA
Soviet Union
16 killed or dead
Philippines
Thailand
Australia
- 436 KIA, 64 died of other causes
- 6 MIA (3 Accounted for and
repatriated)
New Zealand
External links
References
|
THE COMING
WAR
REVELATION
It is
imperative to know the meaning of some of the “code
words” frequently used:
Four (4)
signifies the world.
Six (6)
signifies imperfection.
Seven (7) is
the totality of perfection or fullness and completeness.
Twelve (12)
represents the twelve tribes of Israel or the 12
apostles.
One-thousand
(1000) signifies immensity.
The color
white symbolizes power and can also represent victory,
joy and resurrection.
The color red
symbolizes a bloody war.
The color
black symbolizes famine.
A rider on a
pale green horse is a symbol of Death itself.
“Babylon” is
the satanic Roman Government, now used to describe the
U.S. government.
Rev. 16: 10 And
the fifth angel poured out his vial upon the seat of the
beast; and his kingdom was full of darkness; and they
gnawed their tongues for pain, 11 And blasphemed the God
of heaven because of their pains and their sores, and
repented not of their deeds. 12 And the sixth angel
poured out his vial upon the great river Euphrates; and
the water thereof was dried up, that the way of the
kings of the east might be prepared. 13 And I saw three
unclean spirits like frogs come out of the mouth of the
dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of
the mouth of the false prophet. 14 For they are the
spirits of devils, working miracles, which go forth unto
the kings of the earth and of the whole world, to gather
them to the battle of that great day of God Almighty. 15
Behold, I come as a thief. Blessed is he that watcheth,
and keepeth his garments, lest he walk naked, and they
see his shame. 16 And he gathered them together into a
place called in the Hebrew tongue Armageddon. 17 And the
seventh angel poured out his vial into the air; and
there came a great voice out of the temple of heaven,
from the throne, saying, It is done. 18 And there were
voices, and thunders, and lightnings; and there was a
great earthquake, such as was not since men were upon
the earth, so mighty an earthquake, and so great. 19 And
the great city was divided into three parts, and the
cities of the nations fell: and great Babylon came in
remembrance before God, to give unto her the cup of the
wine of the fierceness of his wrath. 20 And every island
fled away, and the mountains were not found. 21 And
there fell upon men a great hail out of heaven, every
stone about the weight of a talent: and men blasphemed
God because of the plague of the hail; for the plague
thereof was exceeding great.
In Revelation
19 we find: "And I saw heaven opened, and behold a white
horse; and he that sat upon him was called Faithful and
True, and in righteousness he doth judge and make war. .
. .and on his head were many crowns. . . . And the
armies which were in heaven followed him upon white
horses, clothed in fine linen, white and clean. And out
of his mouth goeth a sharp sword, that with it he should
smite the nations: and he shall rule them with a rod of
iron: and he treadeth the winepress of the fierceness
and wrath of Almighty God. And he hath on his vesture
and on his thigh a name written, KING OF KINGS, AND LORD
OF LORDS.
"And I saw the beast [from
the sea], and the kings of the earth, and their armies,
gathered together to make war against him that sat on
the horse, and against his army. And the beast was
taken, and with him the false prophet that wrought
miracles before him, with which he deceived them that
had received the mark of the beast, and them that
worshipped his image. These both were cast alive into a
lake of fire burning with brimstone." (Rev. 19:11-16,
19, 20)
The horns turn and destroy
the woman
" And the ten horns which
thou sawest upon the beast, these shall hate the whore,
and shall make her desolate and naked, and shall eat her
flesh, and burn her with fire. For God hath put in their
hearts to fulfil his will, and to agree, and give their
kingdom unto the beast, until the words of God shall be
fulfilled. (Rev. 17:16, 17)
"How much she hath glorified
herself . . . for she saith in her heart, I sit a queen,
and am no widow, and shall see no sorrow. Therefore
shall her plagues come in one day, death, and mourning,
and famine; and she shall be utterly burned with fire:
for strong is the Lord God who judgeth her." (Rev. 18:7,
8).
Isaiah 14:1 For the Lord
will have mercy on Jacob, and will yet choose Israel,
and set them in their own land: and the strangers shall
be joined with them, and they shall cleave to the house
of Jacob. 2 And the people shall take them, and bring
them to their place: and the house of Israel shall
possess them in the land of the Lord for servants and
handmaids: and they shall take them captives, whose
captives they were; and they shall rule over their
oppressors. 3 And it shall come to pass in the day that
the Lord shall give thee rest from thy sorrow, and from
thy fear, and from the hard bondage wherein thou wast
made to serve, 4 That thou shalt take up this proverb
against the king of Babylon, and say, How hath the
oppressor ceased! the golden city ceased! 5 The Lord
hath broken the staff of the wicked, and the scepter of
the rulers. 6 He who smote the people in wrath with a
continual stroke, he that ruled the nations in anger, is
persecuted, and none hindereth. 7 The whole Earth is at
rest, and is quiet: they break forth into singing. 8
Yea, the fir trees rejoice at thee, and the cedars of
Lebanon, saying, Since thou art laid down, no teller is
come up against us. 9 Hell from beneath is moved for
thee to meet thee at thy coming: it stirreth up the dead
for thee, even all the chief ones of the Earth; it hath
raised up from their thrones all the kings of the
nations. 10 All they shall speak and say unto thee, Art
thou also become weak as we? art thou become like unto
us? 11 Thy pomp is brought down to the grave, and the
noise of thy viols: the worm is spread under thee, and
the worms cover thee. 12 How art thou fallen from
Heaven, 0 Lucifer, son of the morning! how art thou cut
down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations! 13
For thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into
Heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I
will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the
sides of the north: 14 I will ascend above the heights
of the clouds; I will be like the Most High. 15 Yet thou
shalt be brought down to Hell, to the sides of the pit.
Daniel 2: 26 The king
answered and said to Daniel, whose name was
Belteshazzar, Art thou able to make known unto me the
dream which I have seen, and the interpretation thereof?
27 Daniel answered in the presence of the king, and
said, The secret which the king hath demanded cannot the
wise men. the astrologers, the magicians, the
soothsayers, shew unto the king; 28 But there is a God
in Heaven that revealeth secrets, and maketh known to
the king Nebuchadnezzar what shall be in the latter
days. Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy
bed, are these-, 29 As for thee, 0 king, thy thoughts
came into thy mind upon thy bed, what should come to
pass hereafter: and he that revealeth secrets maketh
known to thee what shall come to pass. 30 But as for me,
this secret is not revealed to me for any wisdom that I
have more than any living, but for their sakes that
shall make known the interpretation to the king, and
that thou mightest know the thoughts of thy heart- 31
Thou, 0 king, sawest, and behold a great image. This
great image, whose brightness was excellent, stood
before thee; and the form thereof was terrible. 32 This
image's head was of fine GOLD, his breast and his arms
of SILVER, his belly and his thighs of BRASS, 33 His
legs of IRON, his feet part of IRON and part of CLAY. 34
Thou sawest till that a stone was cut out without hands,
which smote the image upon his feet that were of IRON
and CLAY, and brake them to pieces. 35 Then was the
IRON, the CLAY, the BRASS, the SILVER, and the GOLD,
broken to pieces together, and became like the chaff of
the summer threshingfloors; and the wind carried them
away, that no place was found for them: and the stone
that smote the image became a great mountain, and filled
the whole Earth. 36 This is the dream; and we will tell
the interpretation thereof before the king. 37 Thou, 0
king, art a king of kings: for the God of Heaven hath
given thee a kingdom, power, and strength, and glory. 38
And wheresoever the children of men dwell, the beasts of
the field and the fowls of the Heaven hath he given into
thine hand, and hath made thee ruler over them all. Thou
art this head of GOLD. 39 And after thee shall arise
another kingdom inferior to thee, and another third
kingdom of BRASS, which shall bear rule over all the
Earth, 40 And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as
IRON: forasmuch as IRON breaketh in pieces and subdueth
all things: and as IRON that breaketh all these, shall
it break in pieces and bruise. 41 And whereas thou
sawest the feet and toes, part of potters' CLAY, and
part of IRON, the kingdom shall be divided; but there
shall be in it of the strength of the IRON, forasmuch as
thou sawest the IRON mixed with miry CLAY. 42 And as the
toes of the feet were part of IRON, and part of CLAY, so
the kingdom shall be partly strong, and partly broken.
43 And whereas thou sawest IRON mixed with miry CLAY,
they shall mingle themselves with the seed of men: but
they shall not cleave one to another, even as IRON is
not mixed with CLAY. 44 And in the days of these kings
shall the God of Heaven set up a kingdom, which shall
never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall not be left to
other people, but it shall break in pieces and consume
all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever. 45
Forasmuch as thou sawest that the stone was cut out of
the mountain without hands, and that it brake in pieces
the IRON, the BRASS, the CLAY, the SILVER, and the GOLD;
the great God hath made known to the king what shall
come to pass hereafter: and the dream is certain, and
the interpretation thereof sure.
The
kingdoms represented are
|
GOLD |
BABYLON |
625 B.C. TO 539 B.C. |
|
SILVER |
MEDO PERSIA |
539 B.C. TO 331 B.C. |
|
BRASS |
GREECE |
331 B.C. TO 323 B.C. |
|
IRON |
ROME |
STARTING ABOUT 160 B.C. |
|
IRON
& CLAY
|
THE
TEN
KINGDOM
NEW
WORLD
ORDER |
?????? |
The times of the Gentiles
started with Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon, the head
of GOLD, and will climax when the Great Rock hits the
image in the feet. Speaking of the feet, Daniel 2 states
in the days of THESE KINGS -- WHICH KINGS? -- THE ONES
REPRESENTED BY THE TEN TOES OF THE IMAGE -- SHALL THE
GOD OF HEAVEN SET UP A KINGDOM, WHICH SHALL NEVER BE
DESTROYED.
Other references to the same
period of time and the same 10 kings are:
Revelation 13:1 KJV And I
stood upon the sand of the sea, and saw a beast rise up
out of the sea, having seven heads and TEN HORNS and
upon his horns ten crowns, and upon his heads the name
of blasphemy. 2 And the beast which I saw was like unto
a leopard, and his feet were as the feet of a bear, and
his mouth as the mouth of a lion: and the dragon gave
him his power, and his seat, and great authority.
TEN HORNS WITH TEN CROWNS
Daniel states:
Daniel 7:7 KJV After this I
saw in the night visions, and behold a fourth beast,
dreadful and terrible, and strong exceedingly; and it
had great iron teeth: it devoured and brake in pieces,
and stamped the residue with the feet of it: and it was
diverse from all the beasts that were before it; and it
had TEN HORNS.
Daniel 7:19 KJV Then I would
know the truth of the fourth beast, which was diverse
from all the others, exceeding dreadful, whose teeth
were of iron, and his nails of brass; which devoured,
brake in pieces, and stamped the residue with his feet;
20 And of THE TEN HORNS that were in his head, and of
the other which came up, and before whom three fell;
even of that horn that had eyes, and a mouth that spake
very great things, whose look was more stout than his
fellows. 21 I beheld, and the same horn made war with
the saints, and prevailed against them; 22 Until the
Ancient of Days came, and judgment was given to the
saints of the Most High; and the time came that the
saints possessed the kingdom. 23 Thus he said, The
fourth beast shall be the fourth kingdom upon Earth,
which shall be diverse from all kingdoms, and shall
devour the whole Earth, and shall tread it down, and
break it in pieces. 24 And the TEN HORNS OUT OF THIS
KINGDOM ARE TEN KINGS WHICH SHALL ARISE: and another
shall rise after them; and he shall be diverse from the
first, and he shall subdue three kings.
THE ROCK hitting the image
in the feet is the Battle of Armageddon in Revelation 19
where Jesus returns and defeats the 10 kingdom, NEW
WORLD ORDER, CALLED BABYLON IN REVELATION--MAN'S FINAL
ORGANIZED REBELLION UNDER SATAN AGAINST GOD.
Revelation 13 and 17 tell
about a beast having seven heads and ten horns. If you
read Daniel 7, where the same beast is pictured, we are
told that the ten horns represent ten kingdoms.
The Books of Revelation and
Daniel picture this final effort, and Revelation
describes Babylon as having three parts:
POLITICAL BABYLON - The 10
Kingdom NEW WORLD ORDER OF THE ANTICHRIST.
RELIGIOUS BABYLON - The
world-wide religious system of THE FALSE PROPHET - THE
GREAT WHORE OF REVELATION 17.
COMMERCIAL BABYLON - THE
NECESSITY OF BOWING TO THE ANTICHRIST IN ORDER TO BUY OR
SELL - THIS WILL BE ADMINISTERED BY THE
RELIGIOUS SYSTEM - The second
beast of Revelation 13 is the False Prophet.
After the announcement,
"BABYLON IS FALLEN!" in Revelation 14:8:
RELIGIOUS BABYLON is
destroyed in Chapter 17
COMMERCIAL BABYLON is
destroyed in Chapter 18
POLITICAL BABYLON is
destroyed in Chapter 19 at Armageddon
|
|
ARMEGEDDON - REV. 9:16 - THE WARRIORS COMETH
THE DIRE MESSAGES OF JESUS AND HIS MOTHER MARY
|
DREAMS OF THE GREAT EARTHCHANGES - MAIN INDEX
Ten deadliest natural disasters
| Rank |
Event |
Location |
Date |
Death Toll (Estimate) |
| 1. |
1931 China floods |
China |
1931-01-01July, November, 1931 |
00,000 |
| 2. |
1887 Yellow River flood |
China |
1887-01-01September, October, 1887 |
900,000-2,000,000 |
| 3. |
1556 Shaanxi earthquake |
Shaanxi Province, China |
1556-01-01January 23, 1556 |
|
| 4. |
1970 Bhola cyclone |
East Pakistan,
Pakistan |
1970-01-01November 13, 1970 |
|
| 5. |
1839 India Cyclone |
India |
1839-01-01November 25, 1839 |
|
| 6./td>
|
526 Antioch earthquake |
Antioch,
Byzantine Empire (now
Turkey) |
00526-05 May 526 |
0 |
| 7./td>
|
1976 Tangshan earthquake |
Tangshan,
Hebei, China |
1976-07-28July 28, 1976 |
|
| 8./td>
|
1920 Haiyuan earthquake |
Haiyuan,
Ningxia-Gansu,
China |
1920-12-16DDecember 16, 1920 |
& |
| 9./td>
|
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake |
Indonesia, India,
Sri Lanka,
Thailand,
Maldives, among other nations |
2004-12-26DDecember 26, 2004 |
|
| 10./td>
|
2010 Haiti earthquake |
Port-au-Prince,
Haiti |
1976-07-28January 12, 2010 |
& |
* Estimate by Nova's sources are close to 4 million and yet
Encarta's sources report as few as 1 million. Expert estimates
report wide variance./p>
An alternative listing is given by Hough in his 2008 book
Global Security.[8]
Blizzards
[edit]
Contractable diseases
Pandemics killing at least &1,000,0001,000,000
people:
| Rank |
Event |
Location |
Death Toll (Estimate) |
Date |
| 1./td>
|
Bubonic Plague:
Black Death |
Asia,
Europe,
Africa |
&100,000,000100,000,000
approx. |
1300-01-011300–1720 |
| 2. |
Spanish Flu |
Worldwide |
&50,000,00050,000,000–100,000,000 |
1918-01-011918–1919[9] |
| 3. |
Bubonic Plague:
Plague of Justinian |
Asia,
Europe,
Africa |
&40,000,00040,000,000-100,000,000 |
540-01-01540–590 |
| 4. |
Bubonic Plague:
Third Pandemic |
Worldwide |
&12,000,00012,000,000 ? |
1850-01-011850–1950 |
| 5. |
Antonine Plague |
Roman Empire |
&5,000,0005,000,000 |
165-01-01165–180 |
| 6. |
Asian Flu pandemic |
Worldwide |
&4,000,0004,000,000 |
1957-01-011956-1958 |
Other deadly communicable diseases. Death counts are
historical totals unless indicated otherwise.
| Rank |
Disease |
Death Toll (Estimate) |
Notes |
| 1./td>
|
Smallpox |
&300,000,000300,000,000
approx. |
1901-01-011900 to eradication[10].
Declared eradicated May 8, 1980.[11] |
| 2. |
Measles |
&200,000,000200,000,000 ? |
1851-01-01last 150 years[12] |
| 3. |
Malaria |
&80,000,00080,000,000-&250.000.000250,000,000 |
1900-01-0120th century – present[update] |
| 4. |
Tuberculosis |
&40.000.00040,000,000–&100.000.000100,000,000 |
900-01-0120th century – present[update][12] |
| 5. |
AIDS pandemic |
&25,250,00025,250,000 |
1981-01-011981–present (As of 2010[update]). |
| 6. |
Seasonal
influenza |
at least &250,000250,000
annually |
1981-01-01As of April 2009[update][13] |
Cyclones
Cyclones
| Rank |
Death Toll |
Event |
Location |
Date |
| 1./td>
| 500,000 |
1970 Bhola cyclone |
Bangladesh (East
Pakistan) |
1970 |
| 2. |
300,000 |
1839 Indian cyclone |
India |
1839 |
| 3. |
300,000[14] |
1737 Calcutta cyclone |
India |
1737 |
| 5. |
210,000 |
Super Typhoon Nina—contributed to
Banqiao Dam failure |
China |
1975 |
| 6. |
200,000[15] |
Great Backerganj Cyclone of 1876 |
present day
Bangladesh |
1876 |
| 7. |
~146,000 |
Cyclone Nargis |
Myanmar |
2008 |
| 8. |
138,866 |
1991 Bangladesh cyclone |
Bangladesh |
1991 |
| 9. |
100,000 |
1882 Bombay cyclone |
Bombay, India |
1882 |
| 10. |
60,000 |
1922 Swatow Typhoon |
China |
1922 |
| 10. |
60,000 |
1864 Calcutta Cyclone |
India |
1864 |
[edit]
Earthquakes
| Rank |
Death Toll |
Event |
Location |
Date |
| 1./td>
| &830,000830,000 |
1556 Shaanxi earthquake |
China |
1556-01-23 January 23, 1556 |
| 2. |
&250,000250,000 |
526 Antioch earthquake |
Antioch,
Byzantine Empire (now
Turkey) |
526-05 May 526 |
| 3. |
&242,419242,419 |
1976 Tangshan earthquake |
China |
1976-07-28 July 28, 1976 |
| 4. |
&234,117234,117 |
1920 Haiyuan earthquake |
China |
1920-12-16 December 16, 1920 |
| 5. |
&230,210230,210 |
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake |
Indonesia |
2004-12-26 December 26, 2004 |
| 6. |
&230,000230,000 |
2010 Haiti earthquake |
Haiti |
2010-01-12 January 12, 2010 |
| 7. |
Total unknown; disputed historical estimates once
claimed up to &230,000230,000 |
1138 Aleppo earthquake |
Syria |
1138-10-11 October 11, 1138 |
| 8. |
&200,000200,000 |
856 Damghan earthquake |
Iran |
856-12-22 December 22, 856 |
| 9. |
&150,000150,000 |
893 Ardabil earthquake |
Iran |
893-03-23 March 23, 893 |
| 10. |
&142,000142,000 |
1923 Great Kanto earthquake |
Japan |
1923-09-01 September 1, 1923 |
| 11. |
&137,000137,000 |
1730 Hokkaido earthquake |
Japan |
1730 1730 |
| 12. |
&110,000110,000 |
1948 Ashgabat earthquake |
Turkmen SSR,
Soviet Union (now
Turkmenistan) |
1948-10-05 October 5, 1948 |
| 13. |
&100,000100,000 |
1290 Chihli earthquake |
China |
1290 1290 |
| 13. |
&100,000100,000 |
1755 Lisbon earthquake |
Portugal |
1755-11-01 November 1, 1755 |
| 13. |
&100,000100,000 |
1908 Messina earthquake |
Italy |
1908-12-28 December 28, 1908 |
| 13. |
&100,000100,000 |
1970 Ancash earthquake |
Peru |
1970-05-31 May 31, 1970 |
| 17. |
&80,00080,000 |
1667 Shamakhi earthquake |
Azerbaijan |
1667 1667 |
| 18. |
&79,00079,000 |
2005 Kashmir earthquake |
Pakistan |
2005-10-08 October 8, 2005 |
| 19. |
&77,00077,000 |
1727 Tabriz earthquake |
Iran |
1727 1727 |
| 20. |
&70,00070,000 |
1932 Changma earthquake |
Gansu,
China |
1932 1932 |
| 21. |
&68,71268,712 |
2008 Sichuan earthquake |
China |
2008-05-12 May 12, 2008 |
| 22. |
&60.00060,000 |
1268 Cilicia earthquake |
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (now
Turkey) |
1268 1268 |
| 22. |
&60,00060,000[1] |
1693 Sicily earthquake |
Italy |
1693-01-11 January 11, 1693 |
| 22. |
&60,00060,000 |
1935 Balochistan earthquake |
British India |
1935-05-31 May 31, 1935 |
| 25. |
&50,00050,000 |
1783 Calabrian earthquakes |
Italy |
1783 1783 |
| 25. |
&50,00050,000 |
1990 Manjil-Rudbar earthquake |
Iran |
1990-06-21 June 21, 1990 |
| 27. |
&40,00040,000 |
1498 Nankaido earthquake |
Japan |
1498-09-20 September 20, 1498 |
| 27. |
&40,00040,000 |
1797 Quito earthquake |
Ecuador |
1797 1797 |
| 27. |
&40,00040,000 |
1927 Gulang earthquake |
Gansu,
China |
1927 1927 |
| 30. |
&32,96232,962 |
1939 Erzincan earthquake |
Turkey |
1939-12-26 December 26, 1939 |
| 31. |
&30,00030,000 |
1939 Chillán earthquake |
Chile |
1939-01-24 January 24, 1939 |
| 32. |
&28,00028,000 |
1949 Khait earthquake |
Tajikistan |
1949-07-10 July 10, 1949 |
| 33. |
&26.27126,271 |
2003 Bam earthquake |
Iran |
02003-12-26 December 26, 2003 |
| 34. |
&25,00025,000 |
1988 Spitak earthquake |
Armenia |
1988-12-07 December 7, 1988 |
| 35. |
&23,70023,700 |
1293 Kamakura earthquake |
Japan |
1293 1293 |
| 36. |
&23,00023,000 |
1976 Guatemala earthquake |
Guatemala |
1976-02-04 February 4, 1976 |
| 37. |
&22,06622,066 |
1896 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake |
Japan |
1896-06-15 June 15, 1896 |
| 38. |
&20,00020,000 |
1812 Caracas earthquake |
Venezuela |
1812-03-26 March 26, 1812 |
| 38. |
&20,00020,000 |
1905 Kangra earthquake |
British India |
1905-04-04 April 4, 1905 |
| 40. |
&19,72719,727 |
2001 Gujarat earthquake |
India |
2001-01-26 January 26, 2001 |
| 41. |
&17,21717,217 |
1999 İzmit earthquake |
Turkey |
1999-08-17 August 17, 1999 |
| 42. |
&15,62115,621 |
1970 Tonghai earthquake |
China |
1970-01-04 January 4, 1970 |
| 43. |
&15,00015,000 |
1960 Agadir earthquake |
Morocco |
1960-02-26 February 26, 1960 |
| 43. |
&15,00015,000 |
1978 Tabas earthquake |
Iran |
1978-09-16 September 16, 1978 |
| 45. |
&12,22512,225 |
1962 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake |
Iran |
1962-09-01 September 1, 1962 |
| 46. |
&12,00012,000 |
1968 Dasht-e Bayaz and Ferdows earthquake |
Iran |
1968 1968 |
| 47. |
&10,50010,500 |
1934 Bihar earthquake |
British India |
1934-01-15 January 15, 1934 |
| 48. |
&10,15310,153 |
1985 Mexico City earthquake |
Mexico |
1985-09-19 September 19, 1985 |
| 49. |
&10,00010,000 |
1509 Istanbul earthquake |
Istanbul,
Ottoman Empire (now
Turkey) |
1509-09-10 September 10, 1509 |
| 49. |
&10,00010,000 |
1703 Apennine earthquakes |
Italy |
1703 1703 |
| 49. |
&10,00010,000 |
1703 Genroku earthquake |
Japan |
1703-12-31 December 31, 1703 |
| 49. |
&10,00010,000 |
1854 Ansei-Nankai earthquake |
Japan |
1854-12-24 December 24, 1854 |
| 49. |
&10,00010,000[2] |
1944 San Juan earthquake |
Argentina |
1944-01-15 January 15, 1944 |
| 54. |
&9,0009,000 |
1933 Diexi earthquake |
China |
1933-08-25 August 25, 1933 |
| 55. |
&8,0648,064 |
1966 Xingtai earthquake |
China |
1966-03-08 March 8, 1966 |
| 56. |
&7,9287,928 |
1993 Latur earthquake |
India |
1993-09-30 September 30, 1993 |
| 57. |
&7,2737,273 |
1891 Mino-Owari earthquake |
Japan |
1891-10-28 October 28, 1891 |
| 58. |
&6,4336,433 |
1995 Great Hanshin earthquake |
Japan |
1995-01-17 January 17, 1995 |
| 59. |
&6,0006,000[3] |
1861 Mendoza earthquake |
Argentina |
1861-03-20 March 20, 1861 |
| 59. |
&6,0006,000 |
1960 Valdivia earthquake |
Chile |
1960-05-22 May 22, 1960 |
| 61. |
&5,3005,300 |
1974 Hunza earthquake |
Pakistan |
1974-12-28 December 28, 1974 |
| 62. |
&5,0005,000 |
1707 Hōei earthquake |
Japan |
1707-10-28 October 28, 1707 |
| 62. |
&5,0005,000 |
1972 Managua earthquake |
Nicaragua |
1972-12-23 December 23, 1972 |
| 64. |
&4,0004,000 |
1945 Balochistan earthquake |
British India |
1945-11-28 November 28, 1945 |
| 65. |
&3,8003,800 |
1929 Koppeh Dagh earthquake |
Iran |
1929-01-05 January 5, 1929 |
| 66. |
&3,7693,769 |
1948 Fukui earthquake |
Japan |
1948-06-28 June 28, 1948 |
| 67. |
&3,0003,000 |
1906 San Francisco earthquake |
United States |
1906-04-18 April 18, 1906 |
| 67. |
&3,0003,000 |
1933 Sanriku earthquake |
Japan |
1933-03-02March 2, 1933 |
- Please Note: Some of these famines may be partially
or completely caused by humans.
| Rank |
Death Toll |
Event |
Location |
Date |
| 1./td>
| 15,000,000–43,000,000 |
Great Chinese Famine |
China |
1958–1961 |
|
|
Chinese Famine of 1907 |
China |
1907 |
| 2. |
19,000,000 |
Indian Famine |
Pakistan |
1896–1902 |
| 3. |
15,000,000 |
Bengal famine of 1770, incl. Bihar & Orissa |
India |
1769–1771 |
| 4. |
13,000,000 |
Northern Chinese Famine |
China |
1876–1879 |
| 5. |
10,000,000 |
Southern and Central Indian Famine |
India |
1876–1879 |
| 6. |
7,500,000 |
Great European Famine |
Europe (all) |
1315–1317 |
| 7. |
5,000,000 |
Chinese Famine of 1936 |
China |
1936 |
| 7. |
5,000,000 |
Soviet famine of 1932–1933 (Holodomor) |
Soviet Union |
1932–1934 |
| 7. |
5,000,000 |
Russian famine of 1921 |
Russia,
Ukraine |
1921–1922 |
| 10. |
3,000,000 |
Chinese Drought 1941 |
China |
1941 |
| 10. |
3,000,000 |
Chinese Famine of 1928–1930 |
China |
1928–1930 |
| 12. |
2,000,000 |
Russian famine of 1601–1603 |
Russia (Muscovy) |
1601–1603 |
| 12. |
2,000,000 |
Vietnamese War Famine |
Vietnam |
1943–1945 |
| 14. |
1,500,000–4,000,000 |
Bengal Famine of 1943 |
India |
1943 |
| 15. |
1,000,000-1,500,000 |
Great Irish Famine |
Ireland |
1846–1849 |
| 16. |
1,200,000 |
North Korean famine |
North Korea |
1996–1998 |
| 17. |
1,000,000 |
1984–1985 famine in Ethiopia |
Ethiopia |
1984 |
| 17. |
1,000,000 |
Horn of Africa famine |
Ethiopia,
Sudan,
Somalia |
1888 |
| 18. |
26,000-1,000,000 |
Bangladesh famine of 1974—Official records claim
26,000. However, various sources claim about 1,000,000. |
Bangladesh |
1974 |
| 19. |
150,000 |
Finnish famine of 1866–1868 |
Finland |
1866–1868 |
| 20. |
18,000 |
Dutch famine of 1944 |
The Netherlands |
1944 |
[edit]
Floods and
landslides
Main articles:
Flood and
Landslide
| RRank |
Death Toll |
Event |
Location |
Date |
| 1./td>
| 2,500,000–3,700,000[16] |
1931 China floods |
China |
1931 |
| 2. |
900,000–2,000,000 |
1887 Yellow River (Huang He) flood |
China |
1887 |
| 3. |
500,000–700,000 |
1938 Yellow River (Huang He) flood |
China |
1938 |
| 4. |
231,000 |
Banqiao Dam failure, result of
Typhoon Nina. Approximately 86,000 people died from
flooding and another 145,000 died during subsequent
disease. |
China |
1975 |
| 5. |
145,000 |
1935 Yangtze river flood |
China |
1935 |
| 6. |
more than 100,000 |
St. Felix's Flood, storm surge |
Netherlands |
1530 |
| 7. |
100,000 |
Hanoi and
Red River Delta flood |
North Vietnam |
1971 |
| 7. |
100,000 |
1911 Yangtze river flood |
China |
1911 |
| 9. |
50,000–80,000 |
St. Lucia's flood, storm surge |
Netherlands |
1287 |
| 10. |
60,000 |
North Sea flood, storm surge |
Netherlands |
1212 |
Tsunamis
| RRank |
Death Toll |
Event |
Location |
Date |
| 1./td>
| 295,600 |
2004 Indian Ocean tsunami |
Indian Ocean |
2004 |
| 2. |
100,000 |
1755 Lisbon earthquake/tsunami/fire |
Portugal,
Spain,
Morocco,
Ireland, and the
United Kingdom (Cornwall) |
1755 |
| 3. |
100,000 |
1908
Messina earthquake/tsunami |
Messina, Italy |
1908 |
| 4. |
36,000 |
Caused by
1883 eruption of Krakatoa |
Indonesia |
1883 |
| 5. |
30,000 |
|
Tōkaidō/Nankaido,
Japan |
1707 |
| 6. |
27,000 |
|
Japan |
1826 |
| 7. |
25,674 |
1868
Arica earthquake/tsunami |
Arica, Chile |
1868 |
| 8. |
22,070 |
1896 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake |
Sanriku,
Japan |
1896 |
| 9. |
15,030 |
1792
Mount Unzen eruption in southwest
Kyūshū |
Kyūshū,
Japan |
1792 |
Volcanic
eruptions
| RRank |
Death Toll |
Event |
Location |
Date |
| 1./td>
| 92,000 |
Mount Tambora (see also
Year Without a Summer) |
Indonesia |
01815-01-011815 |
| 2. |
36,000 |
Krakatoa |
Indonesia |
01883-08-26August 26–27, 1883 |
| 3. |
29,000 |
Mount Pelée |
Martinique |
01902-05-07May 7 or May 8, 1902 |
| 4. |
25,000 |
Mount Vesuvius |
Pompeii and
Herculaneum,
Italy |
01631-01-01August 24, 79 AD |
| 5. |
23,000 |
Nevado del Ruiz |
Colombia |
01985-11-13November 13, 1985 |
| 6. |
15,000 |
Mount Unzen |
Japan |
01792-01-011792 |
| 7. |
10,000 |
Mount Kelut |
Indonesia |
01586-01-011586 |
| 8. |
9,350 |
Laki. Killed about 25% of the population (33% were
killed about 70 years before by smallpox) |
Iceland |
01783-06-08 June 8, 1783 |
| 9. |
6,000 |
Santa Maria |
Guatemala |
01902-01-011902 |
| 10. |
5,115 |
Mount Kelut |
Indonesia |
01919-05-19 May 19, 1919 |
A
supervolcanic eruption at
Lake Toba around 74,000 years ago could have wiped out as
much as 99% of the global human population, reducing the
population from a possible 60 million to less than 10 thousand;
see
Toba catastrophe theory. However, this theory is not widely
accepted because the evidence is disputed, and there have been,
for instance, no remains found. The eruption is not listed here
as it was pre-historic and outside the scope of this article.
Also, the
Thera eruption in the
Aegean Sea between 1550 and 1650 BC may have caused a large
number of deaths throughout the region, from
Crete
to
Egypt. See also
La Garita Caldera,
Yellowstone Caldera, and
Supervolcanoes.
Wildfires and bushfires
Main articles:
Wildfire and
Bushfire
| Rank |
Death Toll |
Event |
Location |
Date |
| 1. |
1,200–2,500 |
Peshtigo Fire,
Wisconsin |
United States |
1871 |
| 2. |
1,200 |
Kursha-2,
Ryazan Oblast,
RSFSR |
Soviet Union |
1936 |
| 3. |
453 |
Cloquet Fire,
Minnesota |
United States |
1918 |
| 4. |
418 |
Great Hinckley Fire,
Minnesota |
United States |
1894 |
| 5. |
282 |
Thumb Fire,
Michigan |
United States |
1881 |
| 6. |
240 |
Sumatra,
Kalimantan |
Indonesia |
1997 |
| 7. |
273 |
Matheson Fire,
Ontario |
Canada |
1916 |
| 8. |
230 |
Landes region |
France |
1949 |
| 9. |
213 |
Greater Hinggan,
Heilongjiang |
China |
1987 |
| 10. |
173 |
Black Saturday bushfires |
Australia |
2009 |
| 11. |
160 |
Miramichi Fire,
New Brunswick |
Canada |
1825 |
WE ARE STILL FACING WORLD WAR III
Search results
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Dee Finney's blog INDEX 2. TODAY'S DATE
JAN. 1, 2012 . BRAND NEW MUSIC FOR 2012 ...
WWIII SEE ALSO PAGE 121, 122, AND PAGE 50 ON
INDEX I: page 154 March 2, 2012
www.greatdreams.com/blog-2012/dee-blog-index2.html
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BLOG TWO INDEX BLOG ONE INDEX
http://www.greatdreams.com
http://www.earthmountainview ... HERE IS
WWIII
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...
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11:11 and 11:11:11: page 68 Nov. 21, 2011 ...
page 96 Dec 26, 2011 FEMA CAMPS READY FOR YOU..
continues on dee blog 2
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2011. TODAYS DATE FEBRUARY 22, 2012. PAGE 147.
ILLUMINATI PAGE II . The Illuminati Exclusive
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Dee Finney's blog. start date July 20,
2011 Today's date September 7, 2011 ... nuclear
device has been used by terrorists—or there is
an all-out WWIII.
www.greatdreams.com/blog/dee-blog38.html
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Dee Finney's blog. start date July 20,
2011 Today's date September 16, 2011 ... Temple
Mount in Jerusalem on the 4th July 2010 or 2011
which will start WWIII.
www.greatdreams.com/blog/dee-blog44.html
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NOTE FROM DEE; I HAVE WRITTEN ABOUT WAR WITH
IRAN AND WWIII MULTIP;LE TIMES. ... dee
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WWIII DATABASE - DREAMS OF THE GREAT EARTH
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THE SATURN CONNECTION. NUKES FLYING
WHERE THEY SHOULDN'T!
WWIII.
compiled by Dee Finney ... denies
this, nuclear weapons (See my
earlier
blog ...
The War of the Sons of Light
Against the Sons of Darkness,
also known as "War Rule", "Rule of
War", and the"War Scroll," is a
manual for military organization and
strategy that was discovered among
the
Dead Sea Scrolls. The manuscript
was among the scrolls found in
Qumran Cave 1 acquired by the
Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
and first published by
Eleazar Sukenik in 1955.
[1]
The document is made up of various
scrolls and fragments including 1QM,
and 4Q491-497.
[2]
It is possible that
The War of the Messiah is the
conclusion to this document.
[3]
The 4Q491-497 fragments were
published by Baillet in
Discoveries in the Judean Desert,
7 and comprise a shorter recension
of the War Scroll.
[4]
About the Scroll
[edit]
Date, Genre, and Authorship
Two time periods have been put
forward and defended as the most
probable time of composition: the
Seleucid period and the
Roman period.[5]
The
Seleucid period proposals
include the very beginning of the
Maccabean Revolt (165 or 164
BCE), the height of
Jonathan’s military power (143
BCE), and the reign of
John Hyrcanus (135-104 BCE).[6]
The scholars that believe that the
date of composition occurred during
the Roman period put forward a date
from the middle of the first century
BCE to the first decade of the first
century CE.[7]
The War Scroll’s description of the
weaponry and tactics led
Yigael Yadin to assign the
composition of the scroll to a date
between the capture of
Jerusalem by
Pompey (65 BCE) and the death of
Herod (4 BCE).[8]
More recently, author Russell
Gmirkin in
The War Scroll and Roman Weaponry
Reconsidered disagrees with
Yadin's analysis and assigns the
weaponry described in the War Scroll
to the second century BCE. Lt. Col.
Peter Fromm (US Army Ret.) sides
with Gmirkin also assigning the army
and weaponry described in the War
Scroll to the second century BCE.[9]
Scholars have been unable to
determine the exact author of the
text. The unity and cohesiveness of
the manuscript, however, leads some,
such as Jean Carmignac and Yigael
Yadin, to believe that it was
written or compiled by a single
writer.[10]
In modern times, the genre of 1QM
has been described as apocalyptic
literature, though some translators
and interpreters contend that it
actually a part of sectarian
liturgy. Jean Duhaime believes that
it was probably classified as a part
of the serek (rule) texts developed
by the Qumranites.[11]
[edit]
Contents
These scrolls contain an
apocalyptic prophecy of a war
between the Sons of Light and the
Sons of Darkness. The war is first
described as an attack by the Sons
of Light, consisting of the sons of
Levi, the sons of
Judah, and the sons of
Benjamin, and the exiled of the
desert, against
Edom,
Moab, the sons of
Ammon, the
Amalekites,
Philistia, and the
Kittim of
Asshur (referred to as the army
of
Belial), and [those who assist
them from among the wicked] who
"violate the covenant."[12]
In the end, all of Darkness is to be
destroyed and Light will live in
peace for all eternity. The war is
then described again as a conflict
between the congregation of God and
the congregation of men. The rest of
the document is a detailed
description of the events of the war
and the ways in which it should be
conducted.
Yigael Yadin and
Géza Vermes have argued that the
descriptions of the armament,
equipment, and formation of the Sons
of Light suggest a basis in Roman
methods of warfare.[13]
[edit]
Structure
1QM consists of 19 columns, of
which the first 14-19 lines of each
have been preserved.[14]
- i. Summarizes the war
between the “Sons of Light” and
“Sons of Darkness.”
- ii-ix. Deals with the
battles between the tribes in
greater detail, telling of a
total forty years of combat.
Columns iii-iv deal almost
exclusively with the
inscriptions meant to be
displays on banners, trumpets,
darts, etc.
- x-xiv. A number of
liturgical pieces.
- xv-xix. Describes the
seven-stage battle, led by the
priests, between Light and
Darkness. The battle is finally
won by divine intervention.[15]
Because xv-xix is believed to
describe the war which took place in
the first seven years of the forty
year war, many scholars feel that,
at one time, more columns existed.[16]
[edit]
Links with Other Scrolls
Scholars have been disappointed
to find very few connections between
1QM and the other war-related texts
and the rest of the Dead Sea
Scrolls. There were, however, a
number of notable links that can be
made. In the
Community Rule (1QS), for
example, the theme of a binary
opposition between Light and Dark
can be seen. Both include dualistic
blessing and cursing liturgies. The
“congregation of Israel” in its
organization within 1QM can be
compared to
the Rule of the Congregation
(1QSa), as it is described as being
broken into thousands, hundreds,
fifties and tens, with age limits
listed for specific types of service
within ranks.[17]
[edit]
Further reading
- Collins, John Joseph. 1998.
The Apocalyptic Imagination:
An Introduction to Jewish
Apocalyptic Literature.
Grand Rapids, Mich: William B.
Eerdmans.
- Duhaime, Jean. 2004. The
War Texts: 1QM and Related
Manuscripts. T & T Clark
International, London.
- Schultz, Brian.
Conquering the World: the War
Scroll (1QM) Reconsidered.
Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2009
- Segal, Alan F. 1986.
Rebecca's Children: Judaism and
Christianity in the Roman World.
Cambridge, Mass: Harvard
University Press.
- Wise, Michael, Martin Abegg
Jr., & Edward Cook. 1996. The
Dead Sea Scrolls: A New
Translation. Harper. San
Francisco.
- Yadin, Yigael. “The Scroll
of the War of the Sons of Light
against the Sons of Darkness.”
Translated by B. and C. Rabin.
Oxford, 1962.
[edit]
References
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Schiffman, Lawrence H., and
James C. VanderKam. 2000.
Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea
scrolls. New York, N.Y.:
Oxford University Press.
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Schiffman, Lawrence H., and
James C. VanderKam. 2000.
Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea
scrolls. New York, N.Y.:
Oxford University Press.
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^
ISBN 0-06-076662-X pp.
368-371
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^
Schiffman, Lawrence H., and
James C. VanderKam. 2000.
Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea
scrolls. New York, N.Y.:
Oxford University Press.
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^
Rost, Leonhard. 1976.
Judaism outside the Hebrew
canon: an introduction to
the documents. Nashville:
Abingdon.
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^
Wenthe, Dean O. “The Use of
the Hebrew Scriptures in
1QM.” Dead Sea Discoveries
Vol. 5, No. 3 (Nov., 1998),
pp. 290-319
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^
Wenthe, Dean O. “The Use of
the Hebrew Scriptures in
1QM.” Dead Sea Discoveries
Vol. 5, No. 3 (Nov., 1998),
pp. 290-319
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^
Schiffman, Lawrence H., and
James C. VanderKam. 2000.
Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea
scrolls. New York, N.Y.:
Oxford University Press.
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^
Dating the Army of the War
Scroll (May, 2012).
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^
Schiffman, Lawrence H., and
James C. VanderKam. 2000.
Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea
scrolls. New York, N.Y.:
Oxford University Press.
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^
Duhaime, Jean. 2007. “The
War Texts: 1QM and Related
Manuscripts.” Continuum
International Publishing
Group. London, p. 53
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Lawrence H. Schiffman. 1998.
"Texts and Traditions: A
Source Reader for the Study
of Second Temple and
Rabbinic Judaism." Ktav.
Hoboken, NJ, p. 359
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Vermes, Géza. The Complete
Dead Sea Scrolls in English.
Penguin, 2004.
ISBN 978-0-14-044952-5.
p 164-165
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^
Schiffman, Lawrence H., and
James C. VanderKam. 2000.
Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea
scrolls. New York, N.Y.:
Oxford University Press.
-
^
Schiffman, Lawrence H., and
James C. VanderKam. 2000.
Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea
scrolls. New York, N.Y.:
Oxford University Press.
-
^
Schiffman, Lawrence H., and
James C. VanderKam. 2000.
Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea
scrolls. New York, N.Y.:
Oxford University Press.
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^
Schiffman, Lawrence H., and
James C. VanderKam. 2000.
Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea
scrolls. New York, N.Y.:
Oxford University Press.
[edit]
External links
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Cached
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Dee Finney's blog. Start date
July 20, 2011. Today's date Jan. 2,
2012 . TOP;IC: END OF ... We are
definitely on the verge of WWIII
and Armageddon. SEE: THE AMERICAN
...
www.greatdreams.com/blog-2012/dee-blog98.htm
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1-16-07- the war of gog-magog. rule
2002 - wwiii coming. another
pearl harbor possible how can we
prevent it? hezzbolah and israel at
war
www.greatdreams.com/political/stalemate.htm
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National Review Online Blogs,
NY - Feb 13, 2007 Cliff, I
overstated the ... TERRORISM
DATABASE. WAR PAGES. WWIII
DATABASE. DREAMS OF THE GREAT
EARTHCHANGES
www.greatdreams.com/war/pearl-harbor-three.htm
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dee's blog new this is where
i post what i'm doing and thinking.
blog index ... worldwide
earthquake map updated every hour.
11-18-2005 - rule 2002 - wwiii
coming
THEN WE WILL BE
READY FOR THE AGE OF GOLD
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www.greatdreams.com/index.htm
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